Studies on treatment of chlorophenol-containing wastewater by microbial fuel cell

A microbial fuel cell with 4-CP as oxidant was established to investigate the feasibility of 4-CP dechlorination in the cathodic chamber of MFC. It demonstrated good performance on electricity generation with Pmax 12.4 mW/m2 and CE 22.7%. Besides, 60 mg/L 4-CP could be completely dechlorinated in 45 h in the MFC, and 4-CP dechlorination process and electricity generation process had obvious synergistic effect.     

Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Coating on Natural Feather Zeolite in Degradation of Orthomonochlorphenol

Ti02 coatings on natural feather zeolite are respectively prepared by a collosol （Sol-gel） method and two powder coating methods with deionizod water or dehydrated ethanol as a dispersant. During degradation of orthomono- chlorphenol solutions by ultraviolet, the strong adsorption capability of the zeolite results in increased concentration of substrate on its surface. The Ti（h film coated on feather zeolite further enhances the photocatalytic activity. The TiO~ film on the zeolite prepared by the Sol-gel method is found more effective as a catalyst than that by two powder coating methods.     

Degradation kinetics and mechanisms of phenolin photo－Fenton process

Phenol degradation in photochemically enhanced Fenton process was investigated in this work. UV-VIS spectra of phenol degradation showed the difference between photo-Fenton process and UV/H2O2, which is a typical hydroxyl radical process. A possible pathway diagram for phenol degradation in photo-Fenton process was proposed, and a mathematical model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was developed. Operating parameters such as dosage of H2O2 and ferrous ions, pH, suitable carrier gas were found to impact the removal of COD significantly. The results and analysis of kinetic parameters calculated from the kinetic model showed that complex degradation of phenol was the main pathway for removal of COD: while hydroxyl radicals acted weakly in the photo-Fenton degradation of phenol.     

Safety characteristics of Li-ion batteries evaluated by in situ measurement techniques

Li-ion batteries hold an important place in the field of high power batteries because of their high open circuit voltage and associated high energy density. However, the safety is less satisfactory; therefore, the study of the factors that affect the safety of Li-ion batteries has much meaning to the safety design. In this paper, a set of apparatus was developed for in situ measurements, and several commercial materials including electrolyte, separator and electrode materials for Li-ion batteries were investigated by the in situ method. The results showed： 1） The electrolyte vapor pressure is influenced significantly by the component with low boiling point and increases rapidly with the increasing of temperature; 2） the shutdown of separator occurs at around 135℃ and the impedance increases approximately by two orders of magnitude; 3） carbon anode materials affect the most the volume changes of the cell, and the change for a graphite anode is much greater than that of a glassy carbon anode.     

In situ localization of proteinase inhibitor mRNA in rice plant challenged by brown planthopper

Proteinase inhibitor (PI) mRNA was localized by in situ hybridization in tissue sections of root, stem and leaf of the resistant rice (B5) plant fed by brown planthopper nymphs. In the rice material without BPH feeding, PI gene was expressed in the root, stem and leaf, while the abundance of PI mRNA was low. In the rice material fed by BPH,PI gene was expressed substantially in the parenchyma of rice stem and leaf, but weakly in the root. The results indicated that the PI gene was up-regulated in the rice plant challenged by brown planthopper. For the first time, we reported the expression changes of proteinase inhibitor gene in plant which was infested by a piercing/sucking insect.     

Numerical simulations of the guided elastic waves generated by laser-induced AS and ES in hollow cylinders

Numerical analyses are presented for the laser-generated guided elastic waves in hollow cylinders. The transient waveforms excited by the ablation source (AS) and the evaporation source (ES), due to the ablation and the evaporation of oil induced by impinging laser pulse, are calculated numerically by modeling different time-dependencies, i.e. the former is considered as Heaviside step function and the latter is assumed to be Dirac Delta function. Instead of using classical integral transform, the method of eigen-function expansion is employed, by which time-dependent displacement at the outer surface of hollow cylinders will be expressed by summation of longitudinal and flexural type modes. This formula is particularly suitable for analyses of generation efficiency of each guided elastic mode. And the waveform of total radial displacements were analyzed using a short-time Fourier transform (STFT).     

Rapid detection of chromosome 18 aneuploidies in amniocytes by using primed in situ labeling （PRINS） technique

This paper presents a feasible method for rapid detection of the interphase nuclei of uncultured amniocytes for chromosomes 18 by using our modified in situ labeling (PRINS) technique.A total of 262 independent,uncultured amniotic fluid samples were analysed in a blind fashion before the karyotype was available.In addition,62 samples were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for comparison.In more than 95% of the samples PRINS reactions with primer 18cen were successfully induced.Two samples were properly identified and correctly scored as trisomic 18.PRINS reaction could be performed automatically in less than one hour with a propgrammable thernocycler.Our studies showed that the PRINS technique is simple.rapid and cost-effective.It is as sensitive and specific as FISH;can enhance the eccuracy of standard cytogenetic analysis;and allows identification of chromosomes 18 aneuploidies in uncultrued amniocytes in significantly less time.     

Synthesis of layered LiMnO2 by in situ oxidationintercalation and a study of the reaction mechanism and electrochemical performance

Lithium-ion batteries have become the main candi-date for rechargeable power sources in current electronicproducts because of their high open circuit voltage, highenergy density, longevity and absence of memory effect.Layered LiCoO2 has been used commerci…     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. latifolia by in situ hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase I of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chro- mosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in com- plete male sterility in the hybrid.     

阴阳两极降解废水中氯酚的研究

研究了氯酚废水(100～800mg／L)在阳极为经氟树脂改性的β-PbO2，阴极为镍铬钛合金网上的电催化降解。考察了曝气、pH值、电流对氯酚降解效率的影响。结果表明，在氧气流量为0．05m^3／h、pH3．0、电流密度为0．7A时，氯酚的降解效率最好。该方法用于处理含酚浓度大、酸性高的废水，可以不经稀释或中和调节等预处理而直接处理，具有很好的应用前景。     

Hydroxyl radical electrochemically generated with water as the complete atom source and its environmental application

The most reactive hydroxyl radical （OH） was generated by electrochemical approach with safe water as the complete atom source. The direct evidence for OH formation was obtained by electron spin resonance method. The powerful OH electrochemically generated could effectively degrade organic pollutants and reduce the toxicity of wastewater. Electrochemical disinfection by OH was considerably efficient even without the aid of active chlorine. Bacteria inactivation of 99.99% was achieved for contact time of 30 min and current density of 5 mA·cm^-2, In comparison with active chlorine, OH is rather attractive as a promising environmentally benign disinfectant and opens a new route for microbial inactivation.     

氯苯酚类污染物光化学降解研究进展

氯代苯酚类物质是环境中对人的健康十分有害的重要难降解污染物,利用光化学技术处理难以降解的含酚废水的研究日益引起重视。以半导体物质(TiO2,WO3,CdS等)作为光敏剂的催化光致降解研究,特别是以TiO2作为催化剂进行氯代苯酚类化合物催化光解的研究取得了一定的进展;而超声和金属络合物、氧化剂等物质的协同作用也是光解处理氯代苯酚化合物的重要研究方向。苯醌类化合物可能是氯代苯酚类物质光降解的中间产物,而其降解最终是苯环被破坏,生成二氧化碳和水。     

荧光法海水叶绿素a传感器设计

基于荧光诱导叶绿素检测原理, 应用荧光诱导和微弱信号检测技术,设计了荧光叶绿素a传感器。实验结果表明,叶绿素a的浓度与系统测量值具有很好的线性关系,线性拟合系数为0.999。该传感器具有小型化、易于操作的特点,可实现对海水叶绿素a浓度的原位监测。     

原位聚合法制备胶囊氢氧化钙

在氧化钙消化成氢氧化钙的过程中,采用苯酚和甲醛反应生成的酚醛树脂原位包覆在Ca(OH)2表面,形成胶囊氢氧化钙。通过XRD、TEM和FT-IR等分析手段对产物进行了系统表征。结果表明:当苯酚-甲醛预聚体用量为20%,反应温度为80°C,反应时间为2 h时,酚醛树酯包覆Ca(OH)2的效果最佳。     

碳纳米粒子光催化降解染料萘酚绿

为了研究碳纳米粒子光催化作用,合成了荧光碳纳米粒子溶液,将其应用于商业染料萘酚绿的模拟污水光降解过程.在分析降解时间、催化剂的用量对萘酚绿光降解的光谱变化影响的同时,对光降解反应的部分动力学模式进行了研究,获取了光降解反应的最佳条件.在过氧化氢存在时,起始质量浓度1.3mg/mL萘酚绿的褪色率可以达到91%.     

Fractals generated by statistical contraction operators

In the theory of random fractal, there are two important classes of random sets, one is the class of fractals generated by the paths of stochastic processes and another one is the class of factals generated by statistical contraction operators. Now we will introduce some things about the probability basis and fractal properties of fractals in the last class. The probability basis contains (1) the convergence and measurability of a random recursive set K(ω) as a random element, (2) martingals property. The fractal properties include (3) the character of various similarity, (4) the separability property, (5) the support and zero-one law of distribution Pk=PK-1, (6) the Hausdorff dimension and Hausdorff exact measure function.     

关于L─fuzzy点生成的理想

本文给出了半群中L-fuzzy．点生成的L－fuzzy左（右）理想及理想的定义，讨论了它们的性质，给出了它们的构造定理。     

水滑坡体产生的涌浪特性

入水滑坡体所产生涌浪的波峰高度及传播时间是此类灾害预警和风险评估最为关注的特性参数。本文通过对滑坡体和水波相互作用的耦合数学模型进行数值求解,研究了以上2个特性参数与滑坡体形状及运动过程的关系。数学模型中假设滑坡体兴波区域内水波横向能量扩散可忽略,在立面二维的简化下应用非线性浅水方程描述水波过程;假设滑坡体底部流体法向流速为零,应用简化的Novier-Stokes方程描述底部流动;在滑坡体的运动方程中考虑了惯性力、水波波动压力、底部流体对滑坡体的阻力和浮托力以及滑坡体和滑动面间的摩擦力等。数值结果表明:滑坡体水平速度越大,涌浪传播越快;当滑坡体水平速度接近波速时,滑坡体具体形状对波峰高度有显著影响;当滑坡体水平速度大于波速时,波峰高度随滑坡体速度的增大而减小。因此,以往数学模型中对滑坡体具体形状的忽视,或者设定过大的滑坡体速度,都有可能导致波峰高度的低估,不利于防灾减灾。