A new photonic bandgap cover for a patch antenna with a photonic bandgap substrate

A new photonic bandgap (PBG) cover for a patch antenna with a photonic bandgap substrate is introduced. The plane wave expansion method and the FDTD method were used to calculate such an antenna system. Numerical results for the input return loss, radiation pattern, surface wave, and the directivity of the antennas are presented. A comparison between the conventional patch antenna and the new PBG antenna is given. It is shown that the new PBG cover is very efficient for improving the radiation directivity. The physical reasons for the improvement are also given.     

One-dimensional photonic bandgap structure in abalone shell

Photoic bandgap（PBG）materials are periodic composites of dielectric materials in which electromagnetic waves of certain frequency range cannot propagate in any or a special direction.Rccently.there has been great interest in synthetic PBG materials due to their ability in manipulation of photons.Since 500 million years ago.     

光子带隙结构用于改善功率放大器的性能

利用一种渐变尺寸的光子带隙结构的带阻特性，来抑制功率放大器输出端的二次谐波分量，通过减小消耗在二次谐波分量上的能量来提高功率放大器的输出性能。为了尽量减小PBG结构对功率放大器基频分量的影响，对所选择的PBG结构的尺寸参数进行了优化。通过实验分析证明了优化后的PBG结构可以在很宽的频段内（6.9-7.5GHz)有效地改善功率放大器的输出特性。     

All-metallic three-dimensional photonic crystals with a large infrared bandgap

Three-dimensional (3D) metallic crystals are promising photonic bandgap structures: they can possess a large bandgap, new electromagnetic phenomena can be explored, and high-temperature (above 1,000 degrees C) applications may be possible. However, investigation of their photonic bandgap properties is challenging, especially in the infrared and visible spectrum, as metals are dispersive and absorbing in these regions. Studies of metallic photonic crystals have therefore mainly concentrated on microwave and millimetre wavelengths. Difficulties in fabricating 3D metallic crystals present another challenge, although emerging techniques such as self-assembly may help to resolve these problems. Here we report measurements and simulations of a 3D tungsten crystal that has a large photonic bandgap at infrared wavelengths (from about 8 to 20 microm). A very strong attenuation exists in the bandgap, approximately 30 dB per unit cell at 12 microm. These structures also possess other interesting optical properties; a sharp absorption peak is present at the photonic band edge, and a surprisingly large transmission is observed in the allowed band, below 6 microm. We propose that these 3D metallic photonic crystals can be used to integrate various photonic transport phenomena, allowing applications in thermophotovoltaics and blackbody emission.     

On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals.

Photonic bandgap crystals can reflect light for any direction of propagation in specific wavelength ranges. This property, which can be used to confine, manipulate and guide photons, should allow the creation of all-optical integrated circuits. To achieve this goal, conventional semiconductor nanofabrication techniques have been adapted to make photonic crystals. A potentially simpler and cheaper approach for creating three-dimensional periodic structures is the natural assembly of colloidal microspheres. However, this approach yields irregular, polycrystalline photonic crystals that are difficult to incorporate into a device. More importantly, it leads to many structural defects that can destroy the photonic bandgap. Here we show that by assembling a thin layer of colloidal spheres on a silicon substrate, we can obtain planar, single-crystalline silicon photonic crystals that have defect densities sufficiently low that the bandgap survives. As expected from theory, we observe unity reflectance in two crystalline directions of our photonic crystals around a wavelength of 1.3 micrometres. We also show that additional fabrication steps, intentional doping and patterning, can be performed, so demonstrating the potential for specific device applications.     

Treating temperature effect on bandgap in polymer opal photonic crystals

The optical reflective spectra and microstruc- tures of polystyrene opal photonic crystals treated with dif- ferent temperatures have been investigated. With tempera- ture increasing, the polystyrene spheres in opal structure transform to dodecahedrons, and the peak of reflective spec- trum moves to shorter wavelength. The experiment result testifies the effect of the effective refractive index and the filling ratio to the bandgap position, and it corresponds to the theoretical simulative result.     

Study on ceramic photonic bandgap structure with three-dimensional diamond lattice

A novel process,which was based on powder injection molding,was investigated for the fabrication of ceramic photonic bandgap structure with three-dimensional diamond lattice. The SiO₂-TiO₂ ceramic powder was mixed with a water-soluble agent to produce slurry. The slurry was then injected into an epoxy mold with inverse diamond lattice,fabricated by the stereolitographic rapid prototyping process. To increase the density of the green compact,cold isostatic pressing was applied on the unit. Using thermal de-binding,the water-soluble agent and the epoxy were extracted at 360 and 650 K,respectively. Sintering was immediately done at 950 K for 5 h and the desired three-dimensional ceramic structure was obtained. The calculated band diagram for this structure indicated the existence of an absolute photonic bandgap for all wave vectors. At 14.7-18.5 GHz,a complete band gap was located with a maximum attenuation of 30 dB at 17 GHz,when transmission was measured in the <100> direction between 10 and 20 GHz.     

Compact, stable and efficient all-fibre gas cells using hollow-core photonic crystal fibres

Gas-phase materials are used in a variety of laser-based applications--for example, in high-precision frequency measurement, quantum optics and nonlinear optics. Their full potential has however not been realized because of the lack of a suitable technology for creating gas cells that can guide light over long lengths in a single transverse mode while still offering a high level of integration in a practical and compact set-up or device. As a result, solid-phase materials are still often favoured, even when their performance compares unfavourably with gas-phase systems. Here we report the development of all-fibre gas cells that meet these challenges. Our structures are based on gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibres, in which we have recently demonstrated substantially enhanced stimulated Raman scattering, and which exhibit high performance, excellent long-term pressure stability and ease of use. To illustrate the practical potential of these structures, we report two different devices: a hydrogen-filled cell for efficient generation of rotational Raman scattering using only quasi-continuous-wave laser pulses; and acetylene-filled cells, which we use for absolute frequency-locking of diode lasers with very high signal-to-noise ratios. The stable performance of these compact gas-phase devices could permit, for example, gas-phase laser devices incorporated in a 'credit card' or even in a laser pointer.     

Photonic Bandgap Properties of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Consisting of Complex Artificial Media

0Introduction Photonicbandgap(PBG)structureshavebeenextensive lystudiedduringthepastdecade[13],duetothepossi bilityofhandlinglight.ThePBGmaterialsareperiodical structurescomposedofmetallicordielectricelements.Thefirstcharacteristicofthisbehavioristoforbidthepropagation oftheelectromagneticwaveswhosefrequencyincludedwithintheirfrequencybandgap.Thebanddependsonthematerial structure,i.e.,dimensions,periodicityandpermittivity.Thesecondmajorcharacteristicistheabilitytoopenlocalizedelec tromagnet…     

有旋转六角洞的光子晶体的最大绝对带隙和缺陷模

研究有旋转六角洞的三角点阵二维光子晶体的带结构,探索单元核几何对称性减少对绝对带隙值和局域缺陷模频率值的影响。对洞的中等旋转角,我们揭示此结构的最大绝对带隙可以获得,且该角依赖于洞的半径和背景材料的折射指数。我们也研究了由洞的缺失产生的缺陷模的特点,讨论了此结构模的可调性。     

Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure

By introducing artificial defects and/or light-emitters into photonic bandgap structures, it should be possible to manipulate photons. For example, it has been predicted that strong localization (or trapping) of photons should occur in structures with single defects, and that the propagation of photons should be controllable using arrays of defects. But there has been little experimental progress in this regard, with the exception of a laser based on a single-defect photonic crystal. Here we demonstrate photon trapping by a single defect that has been created artificially inside a two-dimensional photonic bandgap structure. Photons propagating through a linear waveguide are trapped by the defect, which then emits them to free space. We envisage that this phenomenon may be used in ultra-small optical devices whose function is to selectively drop (or add) photons with various energies from (or to) optical communication traffic. More generally, our work should facilitate the development of all-optical circuits incorporating photonic bandgap waveguides and resonators.     

三维平面波法讨论及光子晶体完全禁带分析

详细讨论了三维平面波法(PWM)的特征方程及数值求解过程,分析了简体立方、面心立方和体心立方等典型晶胞的基本参数,计算了这些晶胞在空心晶格、实心晶格、球形晶格和方形晶格等情况下无缺陷时的完全禁带.     

分析TE模式入射角对光子晶体禁带特性的影响

利用光学传输矩阵方法,分析了TE模式光波的入射角度分别与禁带宽度、光子带隙起始波长的关系,通过优化计算得到了一系列特殊带隙结构的光子晶体,揭示了光子晶体的带隙变化规律,对不同禁带范围的要求选取恰当参数来制备所需要的光子晶体提供了理论依据。     

Large-scale synthesis of a silicon photonic crystal with a complete three-dimensional bandgap near 1.5 micrometres

Photonic technology, using light instead of electrons as the information carrier, is increasingly replacing electronics in communication and information management systems. Microscopic light manipulation, for this purpose, is achievable through photonic bandgap materials, a special class of photonic crystals in which three-dimensional, periodic dielectric constant variations controllably prohibit electromagnetic propagation throughout a specified frequency band. This can result in the localization of photons, thus providing a mechanism for controlling and inhibiting spontaneous light emission that can be exploited for photonic device fabrication. In fact, carefully engineered line defects could act as waveguides connecting photonic devices in all-optical microchips, and infiltration of the photonic material with suitable liquid crystals might produce photonic bandgap structures (and hence light-flow patterns) fully tunable by an externally applied voltage. However, the realization of this technology requires a strategy for the efficient synthesis of high-quality, large-scale photonic crystals with photonic bandgaps at micrometre and sub-micrometre wavelengths, and with rationally designed line and point defects for optical circuitry. Here we describe single crystals of silicon inverse opal with a complete three-dimensional photonic bandgap centred on 1.46 microm, produced by growing silicon inside the voids of an opal template of dose-packed silica spheres that are connected by small 'necks' formed during sintering, followed by removal of the silica template. The synthesis method is simple and inexpensive, yielding photonic crystals of pure silicon that are easily integrated with existing silicon-based microelectronics.     

非圆形空气孔型二维光子晶体带隙率模拟

采用平面波展开法对两类晶格(三角晶格和正方晶格)及圆形空气孔或两种非圆形空气孔(正方形和六边形)构成的二维光子晶体带隙率进行了数值研究,分析了填充比f对带隙率ωR的影响.结果表明,晶格对称结构和空气孔形状对带隙大小有影响.给定晶格对称结构,选择具有相同对称形状的空气孔能得到较大的绝对光子带隙.在这3种空气孔当中,三角晶格对应六边形空气孔有最大带隙率,当填充比f=0.8时,带隙率ωR=23.3%;正方晶格对应正方形空气孔有最大带隙率,当填充比f=0.67时,带隙率ωR=14.7%.     

一种适用于数模转换电路的带隙基准电压源

文章设计了一种应用于D/A转换器芯片中的带隙基准电压电路,在3 V工作电压下具有极低的温度系数,输出电压低于传统带隙基准电路.该电路改进了传统带隙基准电路,减小了运放失调和电路误差,通过电阻二次分压降低了基准输出电压.在SMIC 0.35 μm CMOS工艺下,使用Hspice进行了仿真.仿真结果表明:该基准的温度系数在-40～100 ℃的范围内仅为3.6×10-6 /℃;电源电压在2.7～3.3 V之间变化时,电源抑制比为52 dB.该文设计的带隙基准电压源完全符合设计要求,是一个性能良好的基准电路.     

通过离子间有效交叉驰豫实现掺Tm光纤激光器的高功率和高效率运转

通过对石英玻璃光纤芯径组分及Tm3+掺杂浓度的优化,有效地提高了Tm离子间的交叉驰豫过程,实现了掺铥光纤激光的高功率、高效率运转.当耦合的790 nm泵浦光为137 W时,掺铥光纤激光产生了81.5 W连续2.03μm激光输出,相对于耦合泵浦光的激光斜效率达62.5%,为斯托克斯极限效率的1.7倍.最后讨论了进一步提高激光输出性能的方法和可行性.     

正方空气柱结构二维三角晶格光子晶体及其禁带特征

基于平面波展开法比较研究了空气圆柱三角晶格光子晶体和正方介质柱三角晶格光子晶体的禁带特征,提出了正方空气柱三角晶格光子晶体结构,并分析了相对介电常数对其禁带宽度的影响.结果表明:空气圆柱三角晶格光子晶体要比由同种介质材料构成的正方介质柱三角晶格光子晶体的完全禁带要大得多;对于正方空气柱三角晶格光子晶体,当相对介电常数εr>12.0时将出现双禁带,且当εr=19.0时两条禁带均达到最大值.     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的制备与性能研究

首先将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷接枝到纳米二氧化硅表面,制得表面含有氨基的改性纳米二氧化硅粒子(A—SiO2)。再将A—SiO2按不同比例与酐封端的聚酰胺酸进行反应,最后经热酰胺化过程,得到一系列聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外光谱(UV-vis)、热重分析(TGA)、动态机械热分析仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对合成的聚酰亚胺及其二氧化硅杂化薄膜进行了表征。UV-vis光谱表明,通过向聚酰亚胺薄膜中添加A—SiO2可以改变聚酰亚胺薄膜的透光性。TGA测试结果表明,随着A—SiO2含量的增加,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化薄膜的热稳定性有所提高。由机械性能测试可知,当A—SiO2掺杂量小于1.5%时,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜的机械性能优于纯聚酰亚胺的机械性能,当A—SiO2的掺杂量大于2.0%时,聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜的机械性能比纯聚酰亚胺的机械性能差。SEM分析可知当A—SiO2粒子含量小于1.5%时,其在聚酰亚胺基体中分散均匀,当含量大于2.0%时,体系出现明显团聚现象。