碱化絮凝法海水脱硼预处理的研究

采用碱化絮凝法对渤海海水进行脱硼预处理,考察了单因素pH、温度、碱化剂种类、絮凝剂种类、絮凝剂用量、慢搅时间对脱硼效果的影响.结果表明,在30,℃,用碱化剂NaOH调节pH=11,加入絮凝剂聚硅酸铝铁(PAFCS)3,mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)1,mg/L,慢搅(50,r/min)15,min,静沉3,h效果最佳,脱硼率达到89.24%,余硼含量0.48,mg/L.利用电子显微镜对浆料Mg(OH)2进行观测分析,初步探讨了碱化絮凝机理.     

烟梗原料酶促打浆研究

以PFI磨为打浆设备,优化烟梗酶促打浆酶预处理条件,分析酶处理对浆料不同筛分纤维特征的影响.结果表明,酶用量0.5%、pH7、50℃处理4 h对打浆最有利.相同打浆度下,酶处理组磨浆能耗降低了37.21%.酶处理后浆料纤维主要分布在R30～R100内,其中R50、R100、R200纤维平均长度较对照分别增加了14.06%、15.69%和4.42%,纤维宽度也有所增加.酶处理组R50组分含量不变,但R100和R200组分减少了46.15%和18.24%,R350组分有所增加,经酶处理的R50纤维扭结指数减小,R100、R200、R350纤维扭结指数增加.生物酶处理烟梗可以改善烟梗浆性能.     

有机蒙脱土的制备及对苯胺废液的吸附性能

以信阳上天梯矿膨润土为原料,经过钠化改型处理后,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进行有机改性,制得有机蒙脱土,利用正交试验研究有机蒙脱土对苯胺的吸附性能.结果表明,对于质量浓度为20 mg/L的苯胺溶液,在温度40 ℃、吸附时间50 min、有机蒙脱土投加量80 g/L、溶液pH值7的条件下,对苯胺的脱除率可达84.2%.吸附等温曲线符合Freundlich方程.     

酶法提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的实验研究

通过对酶法提取杜仲叶中绿原酸的影响因素分析得到最佳提取工艺参数:蒸馏水浸润→纤维素酶(45℃)和果胶酶(55℃)破坏细胞壁和大分子有机物(恒温10 min)→加热水恒温提取(50℃提取2次,每次10 min)→真空浓缩得粗品→重结晶得纯品(纯度为99.21%).本方法提取时间短、提取率高、杂质含量少,具有可操作性.     

柚皮的酶法脱苦及其果脯的研制

探讨了柚皮的酶法脱苦和柚皮果脯生产的硬化和糖制工艺。结果表明:1、采用质量分数0.3%柚皮苷酶于温度60℃、p H 4.0对柚皮脱苦60 min,柚皮的脱苦率为79.5%;2、以脱苦的柚皮为原料,用质量分数0.3%氯化钙溶液浸泡柚皮1 h,柚皮硬化效果较好;3、五种糖制方法中,采用真空渗糖法工艺较好,制成的柚皮果脯块形完整、颜色淡黄、透明饱满、柚香浓郁、酸甜适口。     

鼠李糖脂强化热化学洗涤落地油泥研究

为探索生物表面活性剂在落地油泥中的应用,本文利用生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂浓缩液(简称鼠李糖脂,下同),采用热化学水洗处理技术开展了洗涤落地油泥的试验研究。结果表明:落地油泥的水含量为26.1%、油含量为25.8%、固含量为48.1%。当搅拌转速为200 r/min,p H=9.0时,鼠李糖脂浓度ρ为0.1 g/L、洗涤液与油泥的质量比为2:1、洗涤温度为50℃、搅拌时间30 min是洗涤油泥的适宜条件,该条件下油泥脱油率为87.2%,其与5 g/L的碳酸钠洗涤液在70℃时的洗涤脱油率相当。使用生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂处理落地油泥因其用量少、温度低、易降解而有着较好的前景。     

特高浓度氨氮废水吹脱复合氧化处理技术研究

目的研究氨氮含量为44.16 g/L的高浓度废水处理技术,探讨反应温度、pH值、反应时间、温度、吹脱工艺对氨氮去除、COD去除率的影响。方法在水温106℃,pH=11.0~11.2,采用空气吹脱处理18 min,气液比150∶1左右;残余液用一定浓度的复合氧化剂处理。结果经过处理,一次氨氮去除率达91.50%,氨氮含量≤120 mg/L,COD≤50 mg/L符合国家排放标准。结论该处理方法简单、可靠、方便,具有较高的实用性和可操作性。     

固体聚丙烯酸浆料瞬时聚合工艺研究

采用瞬时聚合法制备固体聚丙烯酸浆料,研究瞬时合成固体聚丙烯酸浆料聚合过程中中和度、引发剂量对浆溶性、粘度及对棉纤维黏附力等性能的影响.实验结果表明,当中和度为50%～60%,引发剂量为丙烯酸量的1 25%～1 75%时,合成的固体聚丙烯酸浆料性能符合经纱上浆用浆料的要求.     

从菜子油中提取磷脂的研究

进行了从菜子油中提取磷脂方法的研究。试验证明,菜子油水化脱磷的加水量为0.85％～1％,水化温度为70℃～80℃,水化时间60min,搅拌速度80r/min,第一次萃取加丙酮为10∶1,萃取时间为30min,制取磷脂得率较高。试验还证明,以直接用含50％水分的粗磷脂加丙酮萃取效果较好,去油磷脂得率较高。     

激光打印废纸脂肪酶脱墨的工艺条件

研究脂肪酶对激光打印废纸的脱墨作用,优化脂肪酶脱墨的工艺条件,并与中性脱墨与碱法脱墨进行比较.结果表明,激光打印废纸的脂肪酶脱墨优于中性脱墨与碱法脱墨.脂肪酶脱墨的最佳工艺条件是:碎浆浓度10%～12%,碎浆温度55,℃,碎浆时间40,min,酶用量0.03%,浮选时间8,min.在适宜的脱墨条件下可使脱墨浆ISO白度达到93.42%,残余油墨面积为0.01%.     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF NONIMPACT PRINTED WASTES

INTRODUCTIONNonimpact printed wastes include laser printed and xerographic papers. These wastes are increasing with the increasing utilization of computer printout and photocopiers. It is difficult for us to deink these wastes. The pigments in these inks are carbon black mixed with thermo-plastic resin binders,for example, styrene-acrylate copolymers that will crosslink at 100℃during fusing stage of the copying process①. These hard cross linked, stringly bound systems will only be fragm…     

纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及酶学性质研究

从城市生活垃圾中分离到一株分解纤维素能力最强,并产生胞外酶的菌株,初步确定为芽孢杆菌,并对该菌所产的纤维素酶的酶学性质进行了初步研究.该纤维素酶反应最佳温度为50℃;最适 pH7.0;酶在40～50℃热稳定性较好; CMCase活力在 pH 6.0～7.0处可保持70%以上, FPA酶活在pH 6.0～7.0处可保持79%以上; Ca2＋和Mg2＋对酶反应表现为明显的促进作用,而Fe3＋和Mn2＋对酶反应有抑制作用, Na＋、Zn2＋和K＋对酶的影响很小.     

一株产纤维素酶细菌的分离鉴定及其酶学特性研究

 采用CMC平板筛选和刚果红染色等方法,从湖南科技大学校园腐烂木芙蓉根部土壤中分离1株产纤维素酶菌株CXB001,经生理生化测试、16S rDNA分子进化树分析,鉴定菌株为Bacillus velezensis。对该菌株的生物特性研究表明,其最适生长温度为37 ℃,在10~50 ℃,pH 5.0 ~11.0中能生长,在pH 6.0~9.0,34~40 ℃,1.5% ~3.5% NaCl 的培养条件下,最适产酶。CXB001所产纤维素酶最适反应温度为50 ℃,最适反应pH为5.0;在20 ℃、pH 5.0~ 7.0具有较好的稳定性。Co ²⁺对纤维素酶具有激活作用,Mg²⁺,Fe²⁺对纤维素酶具有抑制作用。     

旧报纸的酸性生物酶法脱墨

研究了一种新的废纸脱墨工艺，它是用酸性纤维素酶处理旧报纸浆，然后在酸性条件下进行浮选脱墨，此工艺化学药品用量少，有利于环境保护；所得脱墨浆白度高，黄度低；具有较好的滤水性能和相近的强度性能。利用过氧化氢进行漂白时，酶法脱墨浆的可漂性优于化学法脱墨浆。     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING AGENTS FOR MIXED OFFICE WASTEPAPER

With the development of papermaking industry, pollution and energy shortage have been receiving more and more concerns recently. Because raw material for papermaking are becoming scarcer and scarcer around all over the world, secondary fiber has become one of the absolutely necessary materials. As a new sort of reclaiming wastepaper, MOW (mixed office wastepaper) has received much concern in recent years. [1-4] But because of the peculiarities of toners used in electrostatic printed paper and…     

THE DEINKING OF NON-IMPACT PRINTED PAPER BY COMBINING ENZYME WITH MECHANICAL ACTION

We studied an enzymatic deinking process of non-impact printed paper which was carried out in batch equipment, similar to Valley beater. The equipment can provide suitable forces to cause toner separation from fiber rather than fiber damage. The factors that influenced the deinking efficiency included beating time, pressure between rotating bars and bottom bars, enzyme properties such as dosage,cellulase activity, temperature, pH, etc. Beating time and enzyme type and enzyme dosage was investigated in detail. The deinked pulp was brighter and cleaner. The drainage property also can be controlled by adjusting enzyme dosage and mechanical action strength. Combining enzyme with mechanical action provides the best deinking effects,not enzyme alone. In the meantime, mechanism of enzymatic deinking was discussed depending on the deinked pulp properties.     

HYDROLYSIS OF PAPER-DISHWARE WASTES BY CELLULASE

The optimum conditions of hydrolysis of cellulosic wastes by cellulase were studied. The results show that the optimum conditions of sulfuric acid pretreatment were sulfuric acid consistency 0.3M,pretreatment temperature 100℃, pretreatment time 4hours. After sulfuric acid pretreatment, the optimum conditions of hydrolysis by cellulase were enzymatic temperature 50℃ ,enzymatic time 48hours,pH4.8,the charge of cellulase 100IU/g and the substraste consistency 60g/l. Meanwhile this paper studies that the structural change of cellulose during sulfuric acid pretreatment and cellulase hydrolysis by analyzing the infrared spectra.     

ENZYMATIC DEINKING OF OLD NEWSPRINT WITH CELLULASES AND XYLANASE

The enzymatic deinking and fiber modification of old newsprint (ONP) with several cellulases and xylanase were investigated and the suitable enzyme candidates were selected for ONP deinking in this paper. The results demonstrated that the cellulases and hemicellulases could significantly improve the deinking efficiency and fiber modification.Moreover, the synergistic effects of Novozym342 and xylanase (HC) can further enhance the deinking performance, reduce the dirt count and improve the brightness of resulting pulp. Additionally, compared to deinked pulps, obtained from conventional chemical materials, enzymatically deinked pulps had better bleachability, and the brightness of the bleached pulp reached 59.1% ISO, 9% ISO higher than the unbleached pulp.     

温度和pH对可口革囊星虫消化酶活力的影响

采用酶学分析方法研究了温度和pH值对可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)肠道蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力的影响.结果表明:在5～65℃温度范围内,温度显著影响可口革囊星虫肠道中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶的活力(P<0.01),蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶活力的最适温度分别为50...     

纤维素酶曲的浅盘生产研究

本试验以里氏木霉Ｔｒ－Ｈ为出发菌株,对其浅盘培养条件及酶活测定方法进行优化,结果,当接种量为０．３％,初始ＰＨ值２．０,料层厚度２．５ｃｍ时,２８℃培养１６０小时,５０℃浸提,酶活从原来的２８０ｍｇＧ／ｇ．ｈ提高到６００ｍＧ／ｇ．ｈ;扣盘使酶活下降。