Reconstruction of temperature series in China for the last 5000 years

A temperature series with a 100 year resolution for the last 5000 years in China has been reconstructed by using 31 long-term temperature proxy series selected from recent publications in the last 20 years. The proxy records include pollens, stalagmites, lake-sediments, peat, ice cores and historical documents. The result reveals that in the millennial scale temperature variation it was warm in 3050-250 BC and it was cold in 250 BC-1950 AD. In the above two periods there were many stages of sub-scale temperature fluctuations. The result also shows an obvious temperature discrepancy on the century to multi-century scale between the Eastern Monsoon Region, the Qinghai-Tibet Region and the Northwestern Region in 2850 BC, 2350 BC, 1350 BC, 950-350 BC, 50-250 AD, and 550 AD. A comparison between the reconstructed series of this paper and some North Hemisphere temperature series indicates that in the long-term scale change, the temperature change in China is in phrase with that of the Northern Hemisphere during the last 5000 years, while on the century to multi-century scale there are differences at the beginning and end times, which may imply that temperature change does not occur simultaneously in different regions.     

Origin of the Chinese cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The following new research progresses are summarized and discussed, which are related to 3 main problems in origin of rice cultivation in China: 1. new hypothesis of rice cultivation in China— middle Yangtze River and upper Huai River regions; 2. primitive cultivated rice and the strengthen period of domestication; 3. genetic diversity centers of cultivated rice in China; 4. China and South Asia might be two independent systems of origin and differentiation of Asian cultivated rice; 5. morphological classification of common wild rice of China; 6. primitive progenitor of common wild rice; 7. direct progenitor of cultivated rice; 8. present or not the annual wild rice in China; 9. differentiation or not the common wild rice into Indica and Japonica; 10. origin and differentiation of Indica and Japonica.     

二叉簇轮在中国的新记录(英文)

在江苏拙政园的公园水体发现了簇轮属的中国新记录种——二叉簇轮Floscularia bifida Segers,1997(轮虫门:单巢纲:簇轮目:簇轮科),并对其进行了描述.     

西北贫困民族聚居区学校体育发展对策建议

针对西北贫困边远民族聚居区学校体育“总体比较落后、地域特征明显;观念比较陈旧、经费严重不足;民族特色突出、发展潜力较大”等特征及其成因,提出了4条建议:国家设立“西北边远民族聚居区学校体育发展”项目;在民族聚居区教育界开展学校体育地位与作用的大讨论,提高对体育的认识水平;在教育经费中划定体育专项,并专款专用;发扬民族传统文化的优势,设立“民族传统体育课程”;国家教育行政部门应对这些地区学校体育发展进行专题研究和专项治理.     

Characteristics of the short rachillae of rice from archaeological sites dating to 7000 years ago

The abscission layer formed on a pedicel situated at the basal part of a short rachilla is an important characteristic for discriminating between wild, japonica, and indica rice. The short rachillae of paddy rice grains excavated from the Kuahuqiao, Luojiajiao, and Tianluoshan sites, located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and dating to 7000 years old, were observed. The results showed that the short rachillae could be divided into two types: a wild type and japonica type. These results indicated that the rice had been domesticated, but was a primitive cultivated rice that retained some of the characteristics of wild rice. The results also suggested that the rice was changing to resemble japonica type rice. Based on the ratios of wild and japonica types, it was inferred that rice domestication began 10000 years ago.     

Crustal activities recorded in coral reefs in the northwestern South China Sea

Coral reefs in the northwest of South China Sea have recorded the information from not only the environmental variation but also the crustal activities there during their development. The main crustal activities correlated with the coral reef development include fault, seismic, and volcano activities, etc. The high-resolution spark seismic profiles in the northwestern South China Sea show that the fault activities in the coral reef region have been clearly recorded, and appear as neonatal faults incising reefs. Earthquakes in the coral reef region are rather intense, especially the two occurring on December, 31, 1994, and January, 10, 1995, around the southwest of Leizhou Peninsula, with the magnitude of 6.1 and 6.2, respectively. They have great influence on the growth of the local coral reefs. Quaternary volcanos are active in the northwestern South China Sea, especially around the southwest of Leizhou Peninsula, and they have obvious control of the coral reef development. Some submarine volcanoes form the substrates of coral reef, while a few emerge above the sea surface and form coral islands.     

Identification and classification of subspecies of Asian cultivated rice and their hybrids

Having reviewed the major classification systems proposed by various scholars across the world, it is found thatindica andjaponica underO. sativa L. are two major directions thoroughly differentiated from the Asian cultivated rice, forming the framework of the classification structure. A system withindica andjaponica as the only two subspecies is therefore reiterated. There are various ways to determine the indica-japonica identity of hybrid rice, but the “combined morphological trait index” (CMT index) method is more efficient and easier to handle, although the isozyme analysis, molecular marker analysis and grain quality assay methods are also feasible.     

西北地区湖相浊流沉积

通过对各地质时代不同野外及钻井剖面岩相特征的详细研究,认为西北地区的湖相浊流沉积均形成于湖底扇环境,浊积岩具粒序层理、包卷层理、槽模、沟模、锥模、刷模和重荷模以及滑塌褶皱等构造。划分出杂乱砾岩（A1）、具碟状构造的块状砂岩（B1）、块状砂岩（B2）、近基浊积岩（C）、无基浊积岩（D）、不规则互层的砂泥岩（E）、滑塌褶皱层（F）及页岩、硅质岩（G）等岩相。同时,归纳出内扇、中扇及外扇相结合,论述了湖泊相浊流沉积的成因及石油地质意义。     

二十年来中法战争研究综述

二十年来，中法战争的研究已经取得了可喜的成就。回顾总结这一阶段的成果将有助于推动中法战争研究的进一步发展。     

Mapping of a new gene for brown planthopper resistance in cultivated rice introgressed fromOryza eichingeri

Wild rice species is an important source of useful genes for cultivated rice improvement. Some accessions of Oryza eichingeri (2n = 24, CC) from Africa confer strong resistance to brown planthopper (BPH), whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) and bacterial blight (BB). In the present study, restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) analysis were performed on disomic backcross plants between Oryza sativa (2n = 24, AA) and O. eichingeri in order to identify the presence of O. eichingeri segments and further to localize BPH-resistant gene. In the introgression lines, 1—6 O. eichingeri segments were detected on rice chromosomes 1, 2, 6, or/and 10. The dominant BPH resistant gene, tentatively named Bph13(t), was mapped to chromosome 2, being 6.1 and 5.5 cM away from two microsatellite markers RM240 and RM250, respectively. The transfer and localization of this gene from O. eichingeri will contribute to the improvement of BPH resistance in cultivated rice.     

Trace element geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian black rock series from northwestern Hunan, South China

Samples of black rock series collected from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, northwestern Hunan Province, China, were analyzed for trace elements.The trace element geochemical characteristics of the ore layer (high enrichments of Ni, Mo, V, U, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl and Ba; high U/Th ratios and LREE-enriched patterns with positive Eu and Y anomalies) support the assumption that the Ni-Mo polymetallic layer is of submarine hydrothermal origin.High field strength elements (HFSE) and lithophile elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Li, Be, Rb, Cs, Th and Sc are remarkably higher in the upper unit than those in the lower unit of the Niutitang Formation.These features may reflect that hydrothermal contributions were diminished, and terrigenous constituents were increased in the sediments of the upper unit of the Niutitang Formation.     

中国佳隐翅虫属两新记录种(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科:隐翅虫亚科)

记述了采自中国吉林省的蛇形佳隐翅虫Gabrius．ophion SMETANA及采自北京市和山西省的剑形佳隐翅虫Gabrius．incubens SCHILLHAMMER,前种原记载于日本的群马县,后种原记录于俄罗斯的贝加尔地区．2种均为中国新记录种．对它们的形态特征进行了描述,对雌雄成虫的主要分类特征进行了描画．     

基于ISSR西北地区珍珠猪毛菜(Salsola passerina)的遗传多样性(英文)

运片JSSR分子标记的方法,对分布于中国北方7个居群的137个珍珠猪毛菜个体筛选出了15条引物,产生了196条带,其中153条为多态性条带,总的基因多态率为78.06%,多态性在种群水平上较低,平均多态率为45.60%.平均期望杂合度和Shannon信息指数在种间水平上分别为0.1759和0.2811,在居群水平上为0.125l和0.1977,种群内个体间的遗传分化较大,为70.96%,而种群间遗传分化较小,为29.04%,种群间的遗传一致度平均为0.9320.AMOVA分析得到了相似结果.基于Nei's遗传距离的UPGMA聚类分析将7个居群分为3组:德令哈、兰州和其余5个居群(中宁,乌海,民勤,金塔和安西).Mantel检验表明遗传距离与垂直地理分布显著相关(P相似文献   

中国圆胸隐翅虫属一新记录种(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科:尖腹隐翅虫亚科)

记述了中国圆胸隐翅虫属(Tachinus)圆胸隐翅虫亚属(Tachinus)一新记录种:卡氏圆胸隐翅虫Tachinus (Tachinus) kobakovi Veselova.该种采自吉林省长白山原始森林和小天池.对该种的形态进行了描述,并描画了雌雄成虫的性特征图.     

中国沟蕈甲属2新纪录种

记述中国大蕈甲科沟蕈甲属2新纪录种,分别是艾佛沟蕈甲Aulacochilus episcaphoides Gorham和三色沟蕈甲Aulacochilus tricoloratus Gorham.提供了形态描述及特征图.     

中国新记录种——罗氏直缝隐翅虫(鞘翅目:隐翅虫科)

记述了在我国黑龙江省发现的直缝隐翅虫属OthiusStephens一新记录种：罗氏直缝隐翅虫O．rosti．该种原由BERNHAUER于1907年记载于日本．作者对该种的重要分类特征进行了重新描述,并拍摄了其整体和分类特征照片．     

中国四眼隐翅虫属一新记录种（鞘翅目：隐翅虫科）

记述了我国四眼隐翅虫属Omalium一新记录种——日本四眼隐翅虫Omalium japonicum Sharp，采自上海佘山和江苏东山，描述了该种的形态特征和成虫的性特征．     

中国西北部高山高原地区SRTM3数据质量评价

依据1：25万地形图DEM对中国西北部高山高原地区来自美国ESRI和NASA的两种SRTM数据进行了质量评价．结果表明两种SRTM高程数据与地形图DEM有很高的一致性．两类SRTM数据大约有38％的栅格单元绝对高程误差小于10m,58％以上误差小于20m,90％以上误差小于49m,99％以上误差小于92m,99．9％以上误差小于143m．在地势平坦的高原盆地、宽谷区,高程误差小于±5m．湖泊水体区域分别存在显著的正负高程误差．冰川、山地针叶林和沙漠地区的高程偏差均呈峰值,位于-20～0m的正态分布,极少数栅格单元正负偏差超过100m．总体而言,SRTM数据具有较高的数据质量．     

中国垂蕈甲属1新纪录种(鞘翅目:大蕈甲科)

记述了中国大蕈甲科垂蕈甲属1新纪录种——阿蒙垂蕈甲Triplax amoena Solsky,1871.对该种进行了形态描述,并提供形态特征图.研究标本存放于河北农业大学植物保护学院生物防治实验室.     

中国大陆鞘翅目一新记录记述

报道了中国大陆鞘翅目一新记录科——缨甲科Ptiliidae,并对该科形态特征进行了描述.