采用HOG特征和机器学习的行人检测方法

针对基于方向梯度直方图(HOG)/线性支持向量机(SVM)算法的行人检测方法中存在检测速度慢的问题,提出一种将HOG特征与Adaboost-BP模型相结合的行人检测方法.利用边缘检测技术快速检测出行人候选区域,提取出多尺度多方向的HOG特征,利用Adaboost算法训练多个反向传播神经网络用于构建强分类器,实现对测试样本图像的检测识别.结果表明:文中方法具有更高的检测率、更低的误报率和漏检率,具有较好的检测效果.     

一种高可靠性的头部校验夜间行人快速识别方案

针对夜间行人检测成像尺度不一等因素所引起的类内方差较大、实时性不足等问题,本文在统计学习的应用原理下,设计了基于熵加权和FCSVM优化的头部校验夜间行人快速识别方案.该方案应用熵加权原理改进梯度直方图特征,引入了三分支结构的支持向量机对目标进一步识别,同时利用快速分类支持向量机(FCSVM)降低运算所需的开销,确保实时性,最后通过头部校验方法对误检目标进一步分析评估,进一步提高图像匹配的准确度.实验结果表明,该方案在夜间环境下能有效区分远红外行人目标,在充分确保行人实时性的基础上,在市区、郊区等不同应用环境中,均具有良好的实用性.     

基于改进的HOG与Sobel-LBP融合的快速行人检测

行人检测是目标识别领域的一大难题,针对行人检测存在特征维度高、检测耗时和精度低等问题,文章提出使用多尺度分块方式将样本图片在3个尺度下分别分割成5个区域,在每个区域中根据行人轮廓置信模板和梯度方向量化权值进行二次加权统计得到梯度直方图(histogram of oriented gradient,HOG),并将其与Sobel边缘局部二元模式(Sobel edge local binary pattern,Sobel-LBP)算法相融合作为特征,然后采用线性支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)分类方法学习得到行人检测分类器,最后使用滑动窗口法检测出行人。在MIT和INRIA库上的实验证明,该特征在学习和检测速度上都比HOG等方法有明显优势,能有效、准确、快速地检测行人。     

多传感器人体检测的FHOG图像特征融合

提出了一种新的基于方向梯度直方图(HOG)的图像特征融合方法. 该方法采用视觉激活度(VAM)来选择具有显著方向性的局部梯度统计值,构成融合的方向梯度直方图(FHOG),有效地解决了多分辨率(MR)图像融合存在的不足. 文中把这些融合特征输入线性支持向量机(SVM),训练得到人体/背景二元分类器用于人体检测. 实验表明,与传统多分辨率图像融合方法相比,在参考点处本文提出方法漏检率下降3～10%,虚警率平均下降20%以上.      

一种基于支持向量机的行人识别方法研究

研究了基于支持向量机的车辆前方行人识别方法.通过提取样本的类Haar特征,采用AdaBoost算法训练得到了分割行人的级联分类器,实现了行人候选区域的快速分割;提取了样本的纹理特征、对称性特征、边界矩特征以及梯度方向特征,组成表征行人的多维特征向量,采用支持向量机训练得到了识别行人的分类器.试验结果验证了所提算法的有效性,获得约75%的行人检测率.     

基于混合高斯和HOG+SVM的行人检测模型

为了提高行人检测系统的检测率,提出了一种基于混合高斯背景建模结合方向梯度直方图(histogram of oriented gradient,HOG)+支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)的行人检测模型.首先,采用混合高斯模型进行前景分割,有效提取出运动目标区域;然后,在行人识别部分通过缩小检测窗口尺寸来降低HOG特征维数;另外,利用误识别区域,对样本库的信息进行二次更新,以优化SVM分类器;最后,以随机视频帧为测试样本进行模型性能验证.结果表明,在保证检测率和检测速率的情况下,该混合高斯结合HOG+SVM模型的误检率仅为4%,说明该模型能够在复杂场景下实时准确地进行行人检测.     

一种改进的梯度直方图远红外行人检测方法

在远红外行人检测领域,实时性以及鲁棒性如何提高,这一问题一直得不到有效的解决.笔者以感兴趣区域ROIs为切入点,在图像预处理阶段充分应用像素梯度相关知识,总结出有效的垂直投影方法.该方法原理为:搜集图像梯度信息,采用初定位方法对垂直方向上的条状区域展开处理并获取包括行人在内的图像,采取局部双阈值图像分割算法获得相对较为可靠性ROIs,避免对整幅输入图像进行搜索.检测过程中,充分发挥全局信息作用,采用以金字塔熵加权的梯度直方图方法,针对远红外行人进行描述.本方法引入了支持向量机算法的识别技术.文章最后针对该方法进行了实验检验.实验结果显示,该方法大大缩短了ROIs提取过程的搜索耗时,而且可以对一些以背景目标为主的候选区域进行抑制.     

一种基于时空HOG与级联SVM的行人检测算法

行人检测技术是计算机视觉和人工智能领域的核心问题,在现代智能监控中具有重要的应用前景,随着计算机视觉与模式识别技术的发展,基于监控视频的行人检测算法不断被提出。由于现有的行人检测算法受到光照、视角、尺度、姿势以及部分遮挡等因素的影响,使得行人检测仍然是一个开放性的问题。该文针对现有行人检测算法在处理复杂背景以及尺度变化等情况时存在检测精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于时空梯度方向直方图与级联支持向量机的行人检测算法。时空梯度方向直方图用于描述行人的外观特征和运动特征,通过对外观特征、运动特征进行融合,采用级联支持向量机算法对行人检测器进行训练,最终得到分类效果好的行人检测器,实现更好的检测性能。     

基于梯度直方图特征的实验鼠检测①

为了解决传统的基于图像阈值分割的实验鼠检测方法容易受到光线变化、噪声等影响导致检测效果差的问题,首先根据实验鼠的纹理平滑,且实验鼠整体上梯度均匀,在这个规律的基础上,提出从梯度幅值和梯度方向两个角度出发来构建特征,然后利用直方图降低特征维度并结合SVM(支持向量机)分类器实现新的实验鼠检测方法。实验结果证明,新方法的精准度和稳定性比图像阈值分割方法明显提高。     

多特征融合和交叉核SVM的车辆检测方法

为了能够提高车辆检测的准确率和效率,利用不同分辨率下图像中的信息,文章提出一种多分辨率下的方向梯度直方图特征(multi-resolution histograms of oriented gradients)和局部二值模式算子(local binary pattern)相融合的车辆检测算法。由于融合后的特征维数明显高于单一特征,使得检测的实时性较差,通过主元分析(principal component analysis)来实现对融合后特征降维,并采用直方图交叉核支持向量机(HIK-SVM)对特征进行分类,完成车辆的检测。实验结果表明,该检测方法有较高的车辆检测率,且实时性较好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with