含联吡啶单元大环配体的合成

６,６‘－二羟甲基－２,２’－联吡啶（１）经与３,４－二氢哟喃（ＤＨＰ）反应得到６－羟甲基－６‘－四氢吡喃（ＴＨＰ）氧甲基－２,２’－联吡啶（２）,化合物（２）经甲磺酰化和碘化反应得到６－碘甲基－６－,四氢呋喃氧甲基－２,２‘－联吡啶（５）经缩合,醇解反应以双（６’－羟甲基０２联吡啶－６－甲基）醚（７）;（７）与６,６‘－二溴在吡啶反应得到大环配体（８）,对中间体（２）的合成条件进行了探讨,所有中     

聚苯乙烯支载缩乙二醇冠醚的合成及催化性能

通过聚苯乙烯树脂与冠醚二苯并－１８－冠－６间接枝一种含有（－ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ－）醚链的缩乙二醇（乙二醇,一缩二乙二醇,二缩三乙二醇,三缩四乙二醇）。合成了四种聚苯乙烯支载缩乙二醇二苯并－１８－冠－６的高聚物支载冠醚,均可作用相转移催化剂。聚苯乙烯支载缩二醇二苯并－１８－冠－６催化ｎ－溴辛烷与钾及苯酚钾的取代反应时,活性较未支载二苯并－１８－冠－６为高。     

1—（ω—烷氧基烷基）己内酰胺的相转移合成法

已内酰与α，ω－二卤代烷在固－液相转移条件下（KOH）／K2CO3混合碱，TBAB为PTC）反应是1－（ω－卤代烷基）己内酰胺1，研究了反应温度、时间、碱及催化剂用量对1，4－二溴丁烷与已内酰胺进行单取代反应产率的影响。结果表明：当己内酰胺：1，4－二溴丁烷：氢氧化钾；碳酸钾：TBAB为1：3：1．5：3：0．05（摩尔比）时，90℃下反应，13h，产率可达75．4％，并合成了其它3个1－（ω－卤代烷基）己内酰胺，在类似的固－液相转移条件下，1与醇反应得标题化合物。     

柄海鞘Styela clava中的甾醇化合物的分离和鉴定

应用ＧＣ－ＭＳ技术从青岛海域产丙第鞘Ｓｔｙｅｌａ ｃｌａｖａ中分离鉴定出５种甾醇化合物，分别是：（２２Ｚ）－２６，２－二降－麦角甾－５，２２－二烯－３β－醇（１），胆甾－５，２２－二稀－β－醇２），胆甾醇（３），胆甾烷醇（４）（２２Ｅ）－麦角甾０５，２２－二烯－３β－醇（５）。     

一种C2对称二亚砜手性辅助试剂的应用：σ—对称十员氧杂环 …

顺－２－丁烯－１,４－二醇的１,４－二羟基被邻二苯甲基保护形成环烯２、然后氧化生成α－对称十员氧杂环－１,２－二醇３,将３转化为单三甲基硅醚４后,在三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅酯（ＴＭＳＯＴｆ）的催化下,与Ｃ２－对称二亚砜手性辅助试剂１进行缩酮化反应得到光学活性缩酮５。随后的碱催化缩酮开裂反应非对映选择性大于９９％。最后,水解去掉手性辅助试剂,以良好的产率和９５％ｅｅ的光学纯度得到光学活性醇７。     

(2E,4E)-2,4-二甲基-5-(对硝基苯基)-2,4-戊-二烯酸的合成

通过醇醛缩合反应合成了对、间硝基－α－甲基肉桂醛，并以此为原料通过珀金反应合成了Ｌｕｔｅｏｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｉｎ的关键起始原料（２Ｅ，４Ｅ）－２，４－二甲基－５－（对硝基苯基）－２，４－戊－二烯酸     

β，β－（1，5－亚丙二硫基）－α，β－不饱和芳酮的碱分解反应的研究

首次研究了β，β－（１，５－亚丙二硫基）－α，β－不饱合芳酮２的碱分解反应，２类化合物在醇钠的作用下分解生成苯甲酰乙酸乙酯３ａ，２－（１，５－亚丙二硫基）亚甲基苯甲酰丙酮４在醇钠的作用下，加热回流可得到苯甲酰乙酸甲酯３ｂ，如采用边加热回流边蒸溜的方法可得到２－（１，５－亚丙二硫基）－１－苯基－１，３，５－己三酮５。此分解反应为合成苯甲酰乙酸酯类化合物找到一条简便适宜的方法。     

1－（ω－烷氧基烷基）己内酰胺的相转移合成法

己内酰胺与α，ω－二卤代烷在固－液相转移条件下（ＫＯＨ／Ｋ２ＣＯ３混合碱，ＴＢＡＢ为ＰＴＣ）反应得１－（ω－卤代烷基）己内酰胺１，研究了反应温度、时间、碱及催化剂用量对１，４－二溴了烷与己内酰胺进行单取代反应产率的影响．结果表明：当己内酰胺：１，４－二溴丁烷：氢氧化钾：碳酸钾：ＴＢＡＢ为１：３：１．５、３：０．０５（摩尔比）时，９０℃下反应，１３ｈ，产率可达７５．４％，并合成了其它３个１－（ω－卤代烷基）己内酰胺，在类似的固－液相转移条件下，１与醇反应得标题化合物．     

手性配体/Ti(OPr-i)4催化苯甲醛的不对称硅氰化反应

以（S）－联萘二醇，D－樟脑，（－）－假麻黄碱，（－）－α－苯乙胺以及（＋）－氯霉胺为手性源，合成了6种新的手性磷化合物及一种新的Schiff碱，将它们作为配体催化剂，在Ti(OPr-i)4存在下，用于催化苯甲苯的不对称硅氰化反应，得到很好产率的氰醇，但立体选择不理想，只有中等程度以下的ee值。     

新型五元环状过氧化物衍生物的合成方法

环状过氧化物作为一类具有生物活性的天然产物的结构单位,其合成方法的研究对于这类天然产物的合成具有重要的指导作用。在醋酸锰（Ⅲ）与氧气的存在下, 苯乙炔与２, ４－戊二酮反应生成４－乙酰基－３－甲基－５－苯甲酰基－１,２－二氧五环－３－醇（１４％ ）,２－乙酰基－３－苯甲酰基环氧丙烷（２６％ ）与２－乙酰基－３－甲基－４－苯基呋喃（５％ ）; ４－甲基苯乙炔在相同条件下反应得到相应的１, ２－二氧五环衍生物,产率约为１２％ ; 初步探讨了该类五元环状过氧化物衍生物的游离基生成机理     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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