三维强朗缪尔湍动对电子的加速

从等离子体动力学理论出发,研究了三维强朗缪尔湍动对电子的加速,得出了高能电子的能量谱,理论得出的这种能量谱能够跟实验观测结果很好的吻合。     

在激光尾场加速中电子密度和初始动量对其自注入及加速的影响

利用哈密顿理论给出了等离子体电子在尾场中捕获及其加速与激光、等离子体参量的关系表达式.讨论了等离子体电子密度和初始动量对电子自注入和加速的影响机制.研究结果表明:静止电子不能被尾场捕获并加速,而具有一定初始动量的电子容易自注入至激光尾场中并得到加速.等离子体密度越小,激光尾场场强越强,电子将获得更大的能量.2维粒子模拟结果与理论结论一致.所得结果对超强超短脉冲激光尾场加速电子的方案具有理论指导意义.     

等离子体电子温度的光谱计算

文章介绍了在满足局部热力学平衡条件下测定等离子体电子温度的谱线绝对强度法、双谱线法、多谱线斜率法、双示宗元素等电子谱线法、Saha法等多种发射光谱法,并探讨了这些方法在等离子体电子温度诊断中的应用,旨在为实际电子温度的计算过程中选择合适的等离子体诊断方法提供参考.     

SiH_4射频辉光放电等离子体特性的光发射研究

采用ＯＭＡ－４０００测量了ＳｉＨ_４射频辉光放电等离子体的光发射谱，研究了其谱线强度随放电射频功率和反应气体流量间的变化关系。结果表明：在放电射频功率增加和反应气体流量升高的过程中。其等离子体状态分别发生了性质不同的转变，这种转变联系到射频功率耗散机制的变化。当反应气体流量增加时，电子获得能量的机制由阴极暗区加速转变为等离子体内电场的加热效应；而在放电功率升高的过程中，离子轰击阴极产生的二次电子发射效应导致了光发射谱强度急剧增强的转变。     

外加电场下激光诱导Al等离子体特性的实验研究

由Q-Nd∶YAG脉冲激光(波长1.06μm,脉宽10 ns)烧蚀Al靶产生等离子体.观测了在低气压和直流电场条件下的Al等离子体发射光谱.研究了激光功率密度和直流电场对各谱线强度的影响,分析了等离子体电子温度与激光能量之间的变化规律.结果表明,直流电场对铝原子谱线和离子谱线强度有显著的增强作用,铝等离子体的电子温度随激光功率密度持续增长.     

射频电感耦合闭式等离子体产生与光谱诊断的实验

设计了一种闭式等离子体发生装置,采用射频电感耦合方式,以氩气为工作气体,在封闭式腔体低气压环境下进行放电实验。利用发射光谱法,测量了密闭腔体侧面方向的Ar谱线数据,研究了等离子体电子激发温度和电子密度随空间位置的分布规律以及不同射频功率对电子激发温度和电子密度的影响。等离子体中电子激发温度的变化通过玻尔兹曼斜率法进行分析,电子密度的变化则通过分析Ar原子750.4nm谱线强度变化获得。实验结果表明,该发生装置能够产生均匀持续的等离子体层,等离子体中电子激发温度约为9 500K。等离子体电子密度和电子激发温度随着输入射频功率的增加而增大,但变化幅度在减弱;当足够的输入功率时,等离子体层参数随位置的变化幅度较小。     

无碰撞磁场重联中的磁岛（英文）

在以下两个方面回顾了磁岛在无碰撞磁场重联中的作用:磁能到等离子体动能和热能的快速转化以及高能量电子的产生.重联的X点附近的电流片可能被拉伸并导致撕裂模不稳定性,并形成相互作用的次级磁岛.这种非稳态的磁场重联图像可以维持长时间的高重联率,进而有效地耗散磁能.电子可在磁岛内通过费米和betatron机制加速,也可在X点附近通过重联电场加速.磁岛间的相互作用可进一步加速电子.这些加速过程可导致高能量电子的幂律谱分布.     

Compton散射下激光等离子体与自生磁场对电子的加速

应用电子与多光子集团非线性Compton散射模型,对多光子非线性Compton散射下激光等离子体和自生磁场对电子的加速进行了理论分析和数值模拟.结果表明,不仅由Compton散射光与入射光形成的耦合光以及耦合光与等离子体相互作用形成的自生磁场所构成的混合场能使做回旋共振运动的电子在较短的长度内加速到很高的能量,而且注入电子的初始参数及耦合光的参数对电子加速亦有较大影响.     

密度减稀等离子体中激光尾场加速电子研究

激光尾场加速电子是当前十分重要的物理前沿研究课题.介绍了激光尾场对电子加速的原理,并给出在等离子体密度绝热减稀条下加速电子的新机制,指出从原理上实现单级GeV量级加速的可行性,最后介绍了实验方面的相关新进展.     

超短超强激光脉冲驱动等离子体波加速电子方案以及最新研究进展

随着超短超强脉冲激光技术的发展，人们可以在台面尺度获得光强超过10¹⁸W·cm^-2、脉宽小于100fs的超短脉冲激光.这种超短脉冲激光很容易把初始静止的电子加速到相对论能量.而更重要的是超短激光脉冲可以通过其有质动力激发大振幅的等离子体波（称为激光尾波场），把电子加速到更高的能量.其加速梯度可达到100GeV·m^-1，即在1mm的空间尺度把等离子体电子加速到100MeV.国际上4个实验室在2004年报道通过激光尾波场加速获得能量单色性以及方向性极好的电子束，使人们看到了激光尾波场加速电子的实际应用前景.文中简要介绍等离子体中激光尾波场加速电子的物理机制和方案、及该领域的最新进展和展望.     

一个飞速发展的领域:非富勒烯有机太阳能电池受体材料

有机太阳能电池作为解决能源问题的重要手段之一,2006年以来得到了深入的研究.其电子受体材料较多地局限在富勒烯及其衍生物领域,由于其光谱吸收窄、溶解性差、成本高、生产过程中环境不友好等问题,迫使科学家们寻找新的受体材料.近年来,非富勒烯电子受体材料吸引了科学家们的关注.非富勒烯受体材料的光谱吸收宽,溶解性好,结构可控,易加工等特点决定了其在有机太阳能电池领域有广泛的应用.综述了2011年以来非富勒烯有机太阳能电池受体材料领域的进展,并对其将来的发展进行了展望.     

Enhanced conversion efficiency of Yb2+–Yb3+-codoped glass as spectral converter for photovoltaic application

We propose a kind of Yb²⁺–Yb³⁺-codoped glass, which is used as spectral converter layer to adjust AM1.5 solar spectrum for a better match with silicon bandgap. The energy-level rate equations and power transmission equations are established to analyze the down-conversional effect of the codoped glass on solar spectrum. The numerical results show that with proper doping concentration and thickness the glass layer may improve conversion efficiency by about 12 %. Moreover, we also apply the modified spectrum as excitation source of solar cell in a simulation platform, and reveal that there is about 15 % improvement in practical cells.     

太阳能和蒸汽源红外中草药干燥装置实验研究

本文叙述了一种将太阳能干燥技术、远红外加热技术与蒸气采暖技术结合为一体的新型综合干燥装置。就其设计原理、基本构思以及有关设计参数的选定,进行了论述与计算。并对淮山、杏仁、当归等7种中草药红外吸收光谱曲线进行了测试,给出了它们与该装置所用的低温远红外涂料的发射光谱曲线的匹配情况。文中还给出了利用太阳能干燥装置对几种中草药进行干燥加工试验的结果。     

Submillimetre galaxies reside in dark matter haloes with masses greater than 3 × 10(11) solar masses

The extragalactic background light at far-infrared wavelengths comes from optically faint, dusty, star-forming galaxies in the Universe with star formation rates of a few hundred solar masses per year. These faint, submillimetre galaxies are challenging to study individually because of the relatively poor spatial resolution of far-infrared telescopes. Instead, their average properties can be studied using statistics such as the angular power spectrum of the background intensity variations. A previous attempt at measuring this power spectrum resulted in the suggestion that the clustering amplitude is below the level computed with a simple ansatz based on a halo model. Here we report excess clustering over the linear prediction at arcminute angular scales in the power spectrum of brightness fluctuations at 250, 350 and 500?μm. From this excess, we find that submillimetre galaxies are located in dark matter haloes with a minimum mass, M(min), such that log(10)[M(min)/M(⊙)] = 11.5(+0.7)(-0.2) at 350?μm, where M(⊙) is the solar mass. This minimum dark matter halo mass corresponds to the most efficient mass scale for star formation in the Universe, and is lower than that predicted by semi-analytical models for galaxy formation.     

宇宙线日周期变化研究

到达地球的宇宙线强度可能存在着日周期变化,研究宇宙线恒星日和太阳日周期变化对解决宇宙线起源、传播以及调制等这些基本问题有重要意义.首先对仿真信号进行周期分析处理,给出利用周期折叠分析法要区分宇宙线中可能的太阳日和恒星日周期信号,需要至少7.6年的宇宙线数据.然后利用羊八井Tibet ASγ阵列1994—2003年间记录的宇宙线触发率数据,气象修正后,将小波变换与折叠周期分析方法相结合,对10TeV宇宙线太阳日和恒星日周期变化情况进行分析研究,发现了宇宙线中的1.0d(太阳日)周期,其信噪比为46.3,变化幅度约为0.48%,最大值处的相位约为0.82(19.7h),没有发现0.997d(恒星日)周期.     

An influence of solar spectral variations on radiative forcing of climate

The thermal structure and composition of the atmosphere is determined fundamentally by the incoming solar irradiance. Radiation at ultraviolet wavelengths dissociates atmospheric molecules, initiating chains of chemical reactions-specifically those producing stratospheric ozone-and providing the major source of heating for the middle atmosphere, while radiation at visible and near-infrared wavelengths mainly reaches and warms the lower atmosphere and the Earth's surface. Thus the spectral composition of solar radiation is crucial in determining atmospheric structure, as well as surface temperature, and it follows that the response of the atmosphere to variations in solar irradiance depends on the spectrum. Daily measurements of the solar spectrum between 0.2?μm and 2.4?μm, made by the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) instrument on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite since April 2004, have revealed that over this declining phase of the solar cycle there was a four to six times larger decline in ultraviolet than would have been predicted on the basis of our previous understanding. This reduction was partially compensated in the total solar output by an increase in radiation at visible wavelengths. Here we show that these spectral changes appear to have led to a significant decline from 2004 to 2007 in stratospheric ozone below an altitude of 45?km, with an increase above this altitude. Our results, simulated with a radiative-photochemical model, are consistent with contemporaneous measurements of ozone from the Aura-MLS satellite, although the short time period makes precise attribution to solar effects difficult. We also show, using the SIM data, that solar radiative forcing of surface climate is out of phase with solar activity. Currently there is insufficient observational evidence to validate the spectral variations observed by SIM, or to fully characterize other solar cycles, but our findings raise the possibility that the effects of solar variability on temperature throughout the atmosphere may be contrary to current expectations.     

量子点敏化太阳能电池ZnO光阳极的制备及性能

先用水热法合成ZnO颗粒, 再用溶胶 凝胶法将ZnO颗粒制备成量子点敏化太阳能电池光阳极, 并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和光电流密度 电压曲线分析不同厚度的六方纤锌矿型ZnO光阳极对量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的影响. 结果表明, 增加量子点的吸附面积可使ZnO光阳极的UV-Vis谱吸收带边红移, 进而提升太阳能电池的光电转换效率.     

P3HT和Spiro-OMeTAD共混物作为光活性层的杂化太阳电池性能

为降低电荷复合率,提高杂化太阳电池的性能,将P3HT与Spiro-OMeTAD共混后的混合物作为光活性层和空穴传输层,旋涂在Sb_2S_3纳米粒子敏化的TiO_2纳米棒(TiO_2NR/Sb_2S_3)复合膜上,制备成杂化太阳电池。通过SEM、紫外可见吸收光谱、XRD、电化学阻抗图谱、稳态荧光光谱、J-V曲线等手段,对杂化太阳电池的微观结构、光电转换特性进行了表征和测试。结果表明:P3HT与Spiro-OMeTAD共混物比例为15 mg/1 mL时,得到结构为FTO/TiO_2NR/Sb_2S_3/P3HT:Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag杂化太阳电池的电荷负荷率低,电子生命长,能量转换效率达到了4.57%。所制备的杂化太阳电池性能优良,具有良好的应用前景。     

Accumulation in Dasuopu ice core in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and solar activity

The time series of accumulation in recent 300 years correlated well with solar activity in Dasuopu ice core. Results of spectrum analysis on the accumulation time series of the Dasuopu ice core shows that there are some periods that coincide with the periods of solar activity. By comparing the long-time change trend of the accumulation in the Dasuopu ice core with various kinds of indexes of solar activity intensity, a negative correlation is found between the trend and solar activity.