嘉陵江瓦氏黄颡鱼的繁殖生物学

通过对瓦氏黄颡鱼周年渔获物标本的生物学分析和对其产卵场的调查研究，结果表明，雌鱼的性成熟系数为２．３５％～３０．４４％，平均为１３．１２％；雄鱼的性成熟系数０．６５％～１．９８％，平均为０．９２％。５月中旬至７月中旬为其产卵期，盛期在６月，属于一次性产卵类型。最小性成熟年龄为２龄。最小性成熟个体雌鱼体长１１．３ｃｍ，体重２５．３ｇ；雄鱼体长１１．２ｃｍ，体重２４．１ｇ．繁殖群体雌雄性比为１：１．１７．体长１１．３～１７．９ｃｍ，体重２５．３～１０１．４ｇ的个体绝对繁殖力为１２４８～１２４１７粒，平均３８８３粒，与体长Ｌ的关系式为Ｆ＝３．３６７３×Ｌ￣（２．６４８３）与体重Ｗ的关系式为Ｆ＝５６．８０７０×Ｗ￣（１．０７５９）．成熟卵粒卵径为１．４１～１．８７ｍｍ．繁殖群体的年龄组成以３龄为主，２龄次之，以补充群体占优势，还提出了保护这一资源的建议．     

棘头梅童鱼Colichthy lueidus个体生殖力的研究

本文研究了浙江沿海棘头梅童鱼的个体生殖力以及个体生殖力与和各体征指标的关系。结果表明：棘头梅童鱼个体生殖力为３５０４－２２２５８（粒）；个体绝对生殖力与体长、纯重的关系式分别为ｒ＝１．９７９７９×１０－４Ｌ３．７１５、ｒ＝３５１．９７７８Ｗ－５６１．４４５４；个体生殖力与（体长×纯重）及（√体长×纯重）的关系式分别是ｒ＝２．３５３９６７Ｌ．Ｗ＋６０９．３４７８、ｒ＝２９４．６４６６√Ｌ．Ｗ－８３１５．２２９。此，还对相对生殖力ｒ／Ｌ、ｒ／Ｗ与体长、纯重的关系，绝对生殖力与年龄、肥满度之间的关系进行了研究     

新疆额敏河伊犁鲈年龄及生长研究

以额敏河集的５０条伊犁鲈鱼为基础,研究了额敏河伊犁鲈体长与鳞径的关系Ｌ＝１．８６２Ｒ－５．１２５和体重与体长的关系Ｗ＝０．０６９５Ｌ＾２．３８３３,并应用Ｖｏｎ－Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ生长方程拟合其生长规律,其主要生物学参数为：Ｌ＝∞＝２５．２９ｃｍ、Ｋ＝０．２０４、ｔ０＝－０．６１８（年）、Ｗ＝２２５．６４Ｇ;拐点年龄ｔｉ＝３．６４龄、拐点体重Ｗｉ＝６１．７３ｇ、拐点体长Ｌｉ＝１４．６８ｃｍ;最大寿命为１１．０６龄;捕捞体长１４．６８ｃｍ,体重７４．６８ｇ以上的群体,可以有效地控制种群过度增长。     

新安江水库太湖新银鱼Neosalanx taihuensis Chen生长特性的初步研究

对生活在新安江水库的太湖新银鱼进行了生长测算，并测定了各体长组的肥满度，结果如下：（１）体长和体重的相关关系Ｗ＝３．４３２×ｌ０￣（－６）Ｌ￣（３．０５６）（ｒ＝０．９９８），（２）体长和体重的生长方程分别为Ｌ＿ｔ＝８０［１－ｅ￣（－０．１２４（ｔ＋０．１９８）］￣3和Ｗ＿ｔ＝２．２５［１－ｅ￣（－０．１２４（ｔ＋０．１９８）］￣３；（３）拐点年龄为８．８１月龄；（４）体长增长以１～２月龄最大，体重增长以８～１０月龄最快；（５）体长５５～６０ｍｍ的鱼肥满度最大。     

新安江水库黄尾密鲴Xenocypres davidi Bleker生物学研究

通过对新安江水库黄尾密鲴三年的系统调查，结果表明：（１）黄尾密鲴个体绝对生殖力ｒ＝４．４２１５×１０－５Ｌ３．７７１８，个体相对生殖力与体长的增长关系和ｒ基本相同；ｒ与ｒ／Ｌ与肥满度基本呈正相关；（２）密鲴性成熟年龄２－３龄；体重（Ｗ）与体长（Ｌ）呈幂函数相关，Ｗ＝５．０８８７×１０－５Ｌ２．８１７０，（ｒ＝０．９６）（３）密鲴为腐屑泥食性鱼类；（４）产卵期５－７个月，５月中旬至７月中旬是产卵盛期，产卵水温为２２－２８℃；（５）受精卵在水温２４℃时经３５小时４０分钟孵化出苗，胚胎发育各阶段的特征与一般硬骨鱼类基本一致；（６）胚后发育描述了孵后１－５天鱼苗及稚鱼期和幼鱼期的简要特征     

锌－水杨基荧光酮－阳离子表面活性剂体系测定食品中锌（Ⅱ）的新方法

拟定了测定微量锌（Ⅱ）的新方法，研究了锌（Ⅱ）．水杨基荧光酮－阳离子表面活性剂体系的显色反应，实验证明，在ｐＨ（９．０～９．７）的Ｈ＿３ＢＯ＿３－Ｈ＿３ＰＯ＿４－ＨＡｃ－ＮａＯＨ缓冲体系中，锌（Ⅱ）与水杨基荧光酮生成１：２的配合物，在阳离子表面活性剂－溴化十六烷基三甲胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）存在下生成１：２：３的蓝紫色三元配合物，λ＿（ｍａｘ）为５７０ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数ε为７．７×１０￣４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，可在水相中直接测定锌（Ⅱ）；并且详细研究了最佳实验条件，锌（Ⅱ）含量在（１．０～８．０）μｇ／２５ｍＬ，范围符合比耳定律，锌（Ⅱ）的检测限为０．０４μｇ／ｍＬ，用于快速测定食品中的微量锌（Ⅱ），结果满意。     

吸光度线性扩展法测定镨钕钐

用吸光度线性扩展法测定镨、钕、钐．基于待测元素特征吸收峰下的吸光度在纪录仪上线性放大，提高了测定的灵敏度、准确度，扩大了测定浓度范围．分别选用的最大吸收波长是：λＰｒ＝４４４．７ｎｍ，λＮｄ＝７９４．２ｎｍ，λＳｍ＝４０１．７ｎｍ；吸光度相应峰高和浓度呈线性关系的范围是：Ｐｒ３＋为（０．２０～８．６）×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ｎｄ３＋为（０．２０～２．４）×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；Ｓｍ为（０．２０～３．０）×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ．在选用１０ｃｍ比色皿时，测定灵敏度为：Ｐｒ３＋为１．１μｇ／ｍｌｍｍ，Ｎｄ３＋为０．２２μｇ／ｍｌｍｎ，Ｓｍ３＋为４．６μｇ／ｍｌｍｍ．待测元素与稀土杂质浓度比为５１时无干扰，１１时只有个别元素有一定干扰．     

高压静电场对蟆叶秋海棠愈伤组织生长的效应

用＋ １．０ ｋＶ／ｃｍ 场强高压静电处理蟆叶秋海棠愈伤组织３０ ｍ ｉｎ, 处理组愈伤组织生长速率达９０．７ｍ ｇ／ｄ,比对照组高２３％ ,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、蛋白质及可溶性糖含量分别为１７９．０ ｕ／ｇ·ＦＷ、１４．４ ｍ ｇ／ｇ·ＦＷ、４９．０ ｍ ｇ／ｇ·ＤＷ, 分别比对照增加１０．６％ 、１０．８％ 、７．７％ 。过氧化物酶 （ＰＯＤ） 和吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ） 氧化酶活性分别为５８．０ Ｏ．Ｄ４７０／ｍ ｉｎ·ｇ ＦＷ, １６３．８ μｇ／ｇ·ｈ ＦＷ, 分别比对照下降１２．７％ 和２３．３％ 。     

甘蓝型油菜萝卜质不育系恢复材料Ad-6(F4)测交二代恢复株TCF2的快繁及生根

油菜萝卜胞质不育系恢复材料Ａｄ－６（Ｆ４）测交二代恢复株ＴＣＦ２,在ＭＳ附加５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋ ０．５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,３ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ６－ＢＡ＋ ０．２ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ,３ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ６－ＢＡ＋ ０．３ｍ ｇ／Ｌ ＮＡＡ＋６００ｍ ｇ／Ｌ水解乳蛋白以及５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋ ０．３ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋ ５ｍ ｇ／ＬＡｇＮＯ３ 的不同培养基上诱导丛生芽,结果表明５ｍ ｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ＋ ０．３ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ＋ ５ｍ ｇ／ＬＡｇＮＯ３ 对ＴＣＦ２ 诱导丛生芽有较好的效果．小芽生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ效果最好．     

化学发光法确定库仑滴定终点的研究

利用鲁米诺－Ｉ＿２的化学发光体系与Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的无机偶和反应，确定Ｉ＿２库仑滴定法的终点，实验证明，此法测砷的灵敏度高（检测限３．０×１０￣（－８）ｇ／Ｌ），线性范围１．０×１０￣（－６）ｇ／Ｌ～３．５×１０（－８）ｇ／Ｌ，且选择性好，仪器装置简单，操作方便．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-