稀土镧及其配合物对植物铅、镉单一及复合污染的作用

通过培养实验研究了稀土La及其配合物La(POA)3(HPOA＝苯氧乙酸)对铅、镉毒害小萝卜的影响，结果表明外加稀土或稀土配合物对铅、镉有明显的解毒作用。用逐步提取法研究萝卜根、茎叶内重金属存在的化学形态，实验表明稀土配合物处理对铅镉主要存在形态影响不大。     

金线莲多倍体诱导的初步研究

在离体培养条件下,研究了秋水仙素不同浓度、不同处理时间对金线莲的诱变效果.结果表明:0.1%秋水仙素溶液浸泡处理48h诱变效果最佳,其诱变率可达48%.变异植株与对照二倍体植株相比,植株高大,茎段粗壮,节间长,叶大而厚,叶色深,根粗壮.叶片气孔及保卫细胞增大而单位叶面积气孔数减少,保卫细胞中叶绿体数增多.对变异株进行根尖染色体观察发现,其根尖细胞体积明显增大,染色体数目增多.     

镉对杂交水稻幼苗毒害效应的研究

用不同浓度的镉处理水稻幼苗,研究镉对杂交水稻幼苗的毒害效应.结果表明,随着镉浓度的增加,植株的生长明显受到抑制,株高、根长、鲜重和干重均下降;植株叶片叶绿素含量和SOD活性下降,POD活性先上升后下降,细胞膜透性大幅度增大.镉的毒害可导致体内保护酶活性受到抑制,膜系统受到伤害,从而影响水稻幼苗的生长.     

铅锌对蒜根尖细胞的遗传毒理作用

用不同浓度(100～400mg/L)的铅锌溶液处理蒜小鳞茎,发现随着培养时间的延长和浓度的增加,对细胞的毒害加重,表现为细胞有丝分裂指数下降而分裂细胞异常率增高。分裂细胞异常主要表现为染色体粘连,染色体桥,染色体解体,微核及核解体等,但锌对蒜根的毒害作用明显低于铅。     

铅锌对蒜根尖的毒害作用

用不同浓度（１００～４００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的铅锌溶液处理蒜小鳞茎,发现随着培养时间的延长和浓度的增加,毒害加重,外观表现为根尖生长受阻;内部表现为细胞有丝分裂指数下降而分裂细胞异常率增高。分裂细胞异常主要表现为染色体粘连,染色体桥,染色体解体,微核及核解体等,但锌对蒜根的毒害作用明显低于铅。     

钙对镉胁迫下小白菜生理特性的影响

以小白菜(Brassicachinensis L.)为研究对象,为探明外源钙能否缓解镉胁迫对小白菜造成的生理毒害.实验以蛭石和珍珠岩(2∶1)混合为栽培基质,以改进的Hoagland营养液(用硝酸铵代替硝酸钙)为营养源,对比研究了不同质量浓度(0,200,400,800 mg/L)钙对镉胁迫下小白菜根系活力、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、硝态氮含量、光合色素含量等生理指标的影响.结果表明:1)镉胁迫使小白菜根系活力下降,NR活性降低,而硝态氮含量明显上升,光合色素合成明显受到影响;2)在钙处理下,根系活力显著提高(p<0.05),NR活性普遍上升,光合色素含量有所上升但普遍低于对照组;3)低钙组的光合色素含量明显高于无钙组,但是总体呈现下降趋势.硝态氮含量与NR活性成负相关,呈现先降后升的趋势;高浓度钙抑制根系活力与NR活性.因此,适当钙质量浓度(200~400 mg/L)处理可以明显缓解重金属镉对小白菜造成的生理胁迫.本研究结果为外源钙在缓解植物重金属毒害方面的应用提供理论依据.     

湖泊底泥肥料化利用的研究

以湖泊底泥作为肥料使用的可行性为研究目的,以沙湖底泥为研究对象,以上海青为栽培对象,设计均匀混合和分层覆盖2种栽培方式,在室外和温室条件下分别进行盆栽实验.定期观察植株生长情况,测定植株的生物量,分析比较各种处理的结果,得出湖泊底泥作为肥料的利用的最佳使用方式和比例.经过实验得出结论:泥沙均匀混合和泥沙分层覆盖相比,前者更适合于盆栽.沙湖底泥与沙土均匀混合时,底泥占60%时效果最好;当下层铺沙土上层覆盖底泥情况下,底泥与沙土比例在3∶7时最佳.     

铅锌对蒜根尖细胞的遗传毒理作用

用不同浓度（１００～４００ｍｇ／Ｌ）的铅锌溶液处理蒜小鳞茎，发现随着培养时间的延长和浓度的增加，对细胞的毒害加重，表现为细胞有丝分裂指数下降而分裂细胞异常率增高。分裂细胞异常主要表现为染色体粘连，染色体桥，染色体解体，微核解体等，但锌对蒜根的毒害作用明显低于铅。     

超声波法提取库拉索芦荟总黄酮的研究

试验研究了不同种预处理方式,对超声波法提取库拉索芦荟根、茎、叶总黄酮的影响,用分光光度法测定了其总黄酮含量.实验表明,不同种预处理方式对芦荟根、茎、叶总黄酮提取的影响不同：芦荟根乙醇浸泡24h超声提取黄酮的量高于未浸泡直接超声所得黄酮的量;芦荟茎浸泡24h超声得黄酮的量与直接超声得黄酮的量基本相同;叶浸泡24h超声得黄酮的量低于直接超声所得黄酮的量,库拉索芦荟的根、叶中所含黄酮的量远高于茎.     

磁化水对玉米耐受重金属镉的影响

本工作在实验室条件下研究磁化水对玉米耐受重金属镉的影响.测定了几种抗氧化酶的活性,与对照组相比,磁化水处理的植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性提高,丙二醛含量减少.因此提出,在重金属镉的胁迫下,磁化水可通过提高超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性,消除镉引发的氧化胁迫,保护了细胞膜的完整性(具体体现为植株体内丙二醛含量较低),从而增强植株对重金属镉的耐受性,使植株免受或减缓伤害.对我国受Cd污染地区玉米的种植具有一定的指导意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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