在污泥膨胀情况下利用膜生物反应器处理小城镇污水的探讨

针对小城镇污水的特点,分析了丝状菌在污水处理中的作用,阐述了膜生物反应器－MBR在污泥膨胀情况下的运行状况。     

活性污泥处理系统丝状菌膨胀研究现状及展望

在活性污泥系统中,由丝状菌过度繁殖引起的污泥膨胀是最难解决的问题之一。对与丝状菌污泥膨胀相关的微生物学和丝状菌生理生态学进行了讨论;介绍了现有的解释污泥膨胀的基本理论,并对丝状菌膨胀的控制措施进行了简单的探讨。     

低负荷氧化沟工艺丝状菌膨胀的成因与控制

氧化沟处理城市污水或生活污水工艺运行中存在丝状菌膨胀问题。通过分析活性污泥中菌胶团细菌和丝状细菌的生理特性及动力学特征,探讨了导致低负荷氧化沟工艺中丝状菌膨胀的主要限制因子。提出低负荷氧化沟控制丝状菌过度生长的改进工艺,介绍了氯氧化剂抑活丝状菌的方法     

污泥微膨胀技术在环境工程中的应用分析

活性污泥法是采用最普遍的污水处理工艺，而丝状菌污泥膨胀则是该工艺污水运行中易发生、危害大的问题。本文结合笔者多年的工作经验及相关研究成果，分析了浅谈污泥微膨胀技术在环境工程中的应用，提出污泥膨胀的原因及对治方法，供同行人员参考。     

膨胀污泥和泡沫中的丝状菌及其控制

本文对活性污泥废水处理中的丝状微生物的形态进行了观察。结果表明,在城市废水处理厂的活性污泥中,引起污泥膨胀的丝状菌主要有Microthrix Parvicella,Nostocoida Limicola,0041,Thiothrix I,0092和Nocardia SP等;泡沫中的丝状菌为M.Parvicella和NocardiaSP.进一步分析了引起污泥膨胀的丝状菌繁殖条件及控制方法。     

黏性膨胀下活性污泥的脱氮除磷特点研究

为了深入研究黏性膨胀与丝状菌膨胀的异同, 采用 SBR 反应器, 系统地考察了黏性丝状菌膨胀和丝状菌膨胀状态下污泥的脱氮除磷特点。试验结果表明, 在 pH 7. 2 ～8. 0, 温度 22 ～24℃的条件下, 提高好氧阶段的溶解氧(DO) 可以保证氨氮硝化过程不受黏性膨胀的影响。对于黏性膨胀来说, 黏附在污泥表面的胞外聚合物(EPS)会使絮体内部形成缺氧微环境, 有助于同步硝化反硝化(SND)的发生。其好氧阶段的 SND 率要比丝状菌膨胀高出47. 80% , 导致黏性膨胀污泥的硝化过程易出现亚硝酸盐的积累。黏性丝状菌膨胀比丝状菌膨胀会更加恶化污泥的沉降性能, 且污泥的除磷性能也有退化趋势, 其比释磷速率和比吸磷速率较丝状菌膨胀污泥分别降低了17. 65%和25. 00% 。     

丝状菌性污泥膨胀及生物选择器控制

论述了利用生物选择器来控制活性污泥的丝状菌膨胀问题，阐述了选择器的作用原理、动力学选择性理论、积累／再生理论、饥饿理论，指出茵胶团的吸附储存能力比丝状菌强得多，从而在选择器中可以大量储存有机物，在后续的曝气池中得到大量的增殖，但选择器无法控制丝状菌引起的膨胀。     

膜生物反应器中的非丝状菌污泥膨胀

研究了膜生物反应器中非丝状菌膨胀的原因以及此类膨胀对污泥混合液过滤性能的影响和通过污泥黏度、胞外聚合物和污泥颗粒粒径三方面对膜生物反应器中的污泥混合液进行了分析；运用死端过滤实验方法，研究了非丝状菌膨胀时污泥混合液过滤性能的影响，实验结果表明，污泥沉降性能与污泥黏度有较好的相关性，活性污泥中的胞外聚合物是引起非丝状菌膨胀的关键因素；膜生物反应器中污泥非丝状菌膨胀主要因反应器中累积的高浓度胞外聚合物所致；非丝状菌污泥膨胀极大影响了污泥混合液的过滤性能，污泥膨胀后过滤阻力急剧增大．     

城镇污水处理A2/O工艺运行参数对污泥脱水影响因素的分析与优化

通过对A2/O工艺内部系统运行参数和外部系统约束条件的研究分析,找出影响污泥脱水困难的因子是非丝状菌过量增长和污泥结合水过高;而非常见导致污泥膨胀的丝状菌。并对其发生因素进行了研讨,提出了对策,工艺运行参数进行了优化。     

土曲霉发酵过程中菌形和有机酸积累对产物合成的影响

对土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus)产洛伐他汀过程中胞内外有机酸浓度进行测定,发现菌形对发酵过程胞内外有机酸浓度和洛伐他汀的产量有很大的影响.在发酵过程中形成球状菌比丝状菌更有利于洛伐他汀的合成,并且球状菌的胞内有机酸浓度普遍高于丝状菌.通过把有机酸与产素关联,发现在高产批次中胞内柠檬酸,a-酮戊二酸以及丙二酸大量积累,并且在产素期维持三羧酸循环的低通量能促进洛伐他汀高产.     

水解酸化—好氧生物处理焦化废水的试验研究

对处理焦化废水的两种工艺的试验研究表明，采用水解酸化－好氧生物处理较单一好氧生物处理可取得良好的效果。水解酸化作为焦化废水的预处理比较适宜。当实际焦化废水进水CODcr浓度为2214mg/L，水解酸化停留时间12h，好氧曝气时间18h，间歇动态试验出水CODcr浓度为172mg/L时，CODcr的去除率达92．23％，满足污水综合排放标准（GB8978－95）的排放要求。     

The Unified Dynamic Theory and Its Engineering Research

The unified dynamic theory reveals the substrate-hased nonlinear growth phenomena.It means that the environment of high organism concentration and low substrate state is useful for the growth of weak floras.With ecological superior nitrification denitrification ( ECOSUNIDE ) technology,high sludge concentration by distributing influent to anaerobic and anoxic zones is carried out,and the ecological superiorities of nitrifiers,denitrifiers,and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) get to be promoted.One of the anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) treatment lines of a sewage treatment plant with ECOSUNIDE technology for further investigation on the nutrient removal efficiency is reformed.The advantages of ECOSUNIDE,such as high efficiency and saving energy,are well demonstrated,even under the condition of low temperature (about 15℃) and carbon-resource (C/N ratio lower than 2.5 ).In ECOSUNIDE system,the effluent indexes as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),chemical oxygen demand (COD),and NH3-N reach the Class I-A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant ( GB18918-2002 ),and suspended substance ( SS ),total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorus(TP) meet the Class I -B criteria.While the effluent qualities of A/A/O system only reach the secondary discharge standard.Through the comparison on the sludge character of ECOSUNIDE system with A/A/O,more abundant biofacies,darker and more intense zoogioea,more obvious filamentous bacterium,and clearer floes edges in ECOSUNIDE system are found.     

快速机械搅拌混合液法克服活性污泥丝状膨胀的研究

论文证实了快速机械搅拌混合液法能克服有鞘类丝状菌引起的活性污泥膨胀,分析了本法克服球衣菌引起的膨胀的机理,在此基础上获得了一种比原快速搅拌法更有效的新工艺.     

低温城市污水处理污泥特性试验研究

低温条件下（15～3℃）,在活性污泥法处理城市污水实验室研究过程中,对污泥浓度、污泥沉降性能、粒度、胞外聚合物（EPS）、脱氢酶活性、摄氧速率、污泥膨胀进行了研究。研究结果表明：随着温度降低,污泥沉降性能变差,引起沉降性能变差的原因是污泥浓度与胞外聚合物共同作用的结果;温度降低过程中,胞外聚合物分泌量呈增大趋势;微生物活性降低,并在15～13℃间降低变化明显;产生污泥膨胀现象的原因可能是丝状菌黏性物质分泌过多造成的。     

Practice of High Concentration Sludge for Efficient Nutrient Removal from Municipal Sewage

ECOSUNIDE is a new activated sludge process based on the sludge concentration optimization theory.With it,we carried out a high sludge concentration by changing influent mode and distributing carbon source in a reasonable way,which can improve the ecological superiority of nitrification and denitrification for the growth of phosphorous accumulating organisms(PAOs)and nitrifiers and raised the nutrient removal efficiency of municipal sewage treatment plants.In 2007,we adopted this technique in Linyi Sewage Treatment Plant in Shandong Province,China.After the reconstruction,we achieved the high efficiency of nutrient removal with low investment under the dynamic load of the secondary sewage treatment plant.The effluent water qualities meet the classⅠ-A criteria specified in Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant(GB 18918-2002)and the rest effluent indexes meet the classⅠ-B criteria.Besides,we have above 20% operating cost cut by stopping the internal reflux without power charge increased and any new pool structures built.     

Filamentous cyanobacteria fossils and their significance in the Permian-Triassic boundary section at Laolongdong, Chongqing

The microbial communities blooming immediately after the end-Permian mass extinction represent abnormally extreme environments, and vary in different areas. In this study, filamentous cyanobacterial biota was found in the strata after the extinction in the famous Permian-Triassic boundary section at Laolongdong, Chongqing, southwest China. In thin sections, the filamentous cyanobacterial fossils are below 1 mm in length, and generally taper to one end, with the widest diameter up to 0.08 mm. Some of them are curved, indicating that they are soft in life. Their walls are composed of cryptocrystalline to microcrystalline calcites. The filaments have round cross section, and are internally filled with micrites and fine sparry calcites, which indicate that the filaments are originally empty. They are randomly distributed in the rocks, but in some places, they tend to be distributed in radial pattern. The filamentous organisms are morphologically similar to Rivularia of Rivulariaceae, Cyanobacteria Phylum, but with calcified sheaths, and are tentatively regarded as an indeterminate new species in Rivularia： Rivularia sp. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic autotrophic, and can survive in dysoxic condition. The blooming of this organism and the absence of other organisms may indicate that the environment was oxygendeficient and shallow, since this photosynthetic autotrophic organism needed to live within photic.     

新农村规划中生活污水处理模式及工艺探讨----以贵州省岑巩县水尾镇于河村村庄规划为例

农村生活污水任意排放是造成农村环境污染和农村可持续发展的重要原因之一,因此生活污水的处理是新农村规划中的一个重要环节。归纳和分析了国内几种较典型的生活污水处理模式,即接入城镇污水管网统一处理模式、分散处理模式和集中处理模式;总结了生活污水净化沼气池技术、稳定塘生活污水处理技术、人工湿地处理技术和土壤处理系统等几种具体的农村污水处理工艺技术;最后选择适合的处理模式和处理技术应用到贵州省岑巩县水尾镇于河村村庄规划中,为新农村规划生活污水的处理提供参考。     

污水处理系统臭气污染问题的探析

以污水处理系统中的臭气污染问题为研究对象,从污水处理系统臭气污染相关问题、污水处理系统臭气污染问题防治现状以及治理污水处理系统臭气污染问题的措施这3个方面入手,对其进行了较为详细的分析与阐述,并据此论证了做好臭气污染处理问题在进一步提升污水处理系统应用质量与应用效率的过程中所起到的重要作用与意义。