Genetic analysis and fine mapping of a lax mutant in rice

We have analyzed a lax mutant that exhibits altered panicle architecture in rice.The primary and secondary rachis-branches are normally initiated and each branch ends in a terminal spikelet,but all the lateral spikelets are absent and the terminal spikelet displays variegated structures in the mutant.An F2 population from the cross between the lax mutant and a japonica variety,W11,was constructed and analyzed.Using microsatellite and CAPS markers,the lax locus was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 1,co-segregated with a CAPS marker,LZ1,within an interval of 0.28 cM between a CAPS marker,HB2,and a microsatellite marker,MRG4389.RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of the rice B-function MADS-box genes OsMADS2,OsMADS4,OsMADS16 and OsMADS3 were significantly reduced,whereas the expression of the rice A-function gene RAPIA was not altered.     

Analysis of rice blast resistance genes by QTL mapping

Resistance to rice blast pathogen mostly shows a quantitative trait controlled by several minor genes. Its complexity and the mutable characteristic of rice blast isolates both hinder the development of the blast resistance research. The article here tried to explore the resistance gene distribution on rice chromosomes and the way of function. Totally 124 QTLs have been identified against 20 isolates using Cartographer software with a ZYQ8/JX17 DH population, which separately are at 100 loci of 72 marker intervals on 12 rice chromosomes. Of them, 16 QTLs were determined by the isolate HB-97-36-1. 82 QTLs (66.13%) are from the resistant parent alleles, ZYQ8, while 42 QTLs (33.87%) are from the susceptible parent alleles, JX17. In comparison of their positions on chromosome, most QTLs are clustered together and distributed nearby the major genes especially the regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 8, 10 and 12. Each QTL could account for the resistance variation between 3~2%-68.64%. And, a positional QTL might display the resistance to several different isolates with different contributions.     

QTL analysis of rice low temperature germinability

A double haploid population, derived from anther culture of F1 hybrid between a typical indica and a japonica (ZYQ8/JX17), has been used to investigate the low temperature germinability (LTG) at 15 ℃. The low temperature germinability of two parents was significantly different. In 6-11 d, the germination percentage of ZYQ8 was higher than that of JX17. In 12-16 d, the germination percentage of JX17 was higher than that of ZYQ8. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of every day for low temperature germinabilityhave been mapped based on a molecular linkage map constructed from this population. In 8-11 d, qLTG-9 was identified in C397B-RZ617B on chromosome 9, the additive effect was positive, showing that, the allele from JX17 could increase low temperature germinability. In 12-16 d, qLTG-4 was mapped between RG908 and CT563 on chromosome 4, the additive effect was negative, showing that the allele from ZYQ8 could increase low temperature germinability. These two QTLs were detected at different stages, showing the complexity of the mechanism of low temperature germinability.     

几种常见杂草对箭叶橐吾的化感作用

用11种常见杂草的水浸液处理青藏高原主要杂草箭叶橐吾（Ligularia sagitta）．结果表明，11种供体植物水浸液对箭叶橐吾种子萌发和幼苗生长均有化感作用，不同浓度的水浸液对植物的化感作用强度不同，低浓度时较弱，高浓度时较强．高浓度的水浸液能降低种子发芽率、发芽速率、幼苗根长、苗高、总鲜重，其中种子发芽率、发芽速率和幼苗根长较敏感．不同供体植物对箭叶橐吾化感抑制程度不同，披针叶黄华（Thermopsis lanceolata）、狼毒（Stellera chamaejasme）、高乌头（Aconitum sinomontanum）、五爪金龙（Ipomoea cairica）、细叶亚菊（Ajania tenuiyolia）和南美蟛蜞菊（Wedelia trilobata）的作用效果非常显著（综合化感效应指数M〈-0.50），这6种植物有望开发天然除草剂．     

播娘蒿对小麦早期生长的生化他感作用研究

探讨了麦田杂草播娘蒿对小麦早期生长发育的影响。发现播娘蒿种子淋洗物对小麦种子萌发和幼苗初期生长主要表现抑制效应,但淋洗物中的个别成分又有促进效果。证明了播娘蒿与小麦之间有生化他感作用存在,认为生化他感作用是播娘蒿作为麦田杂草影响小麦生长发育的另一种方式。     

Identification of salt-tolerance QTL in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling salt-tolerance at the seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) were identified by interval mapping (SIM) and composite interval mapping (CIM) using a doubled haploid population ZJDH and its high resolution genetic linkage map. The population was derived from an inter-subspecific cross between an indica variety Zhaiyeqing8 (ZYQ8) and a japonica variety Jingxi17 (JX17). Analysis of survival days of seedlings treated with 0.7% NaCI revealed that a major salt-tolerance quantitative trait locus (QTL), Std, was present between markers RG612 and C131 on chromosome 1 when using both MAPMAKER/QTL 1.1 and PLABQTL 1.0 (SIM). Its allele which contributes to salt-tolerance was from ZYQ8. In addition, seven more QTLs which give additive effect on salt-tolerance are identified when using PLABQTL (CIM), and most of them were from JX17.     

宜宾油樟对小麦的化感作用研究

采用生物测定法研究了宜宾油樟根、茎、叶水浸提液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用.结果表明,油樟对小麦的化感作用和供体的不同器官、浸提液浓度以及受体的不同发育阶段有密切关系.油樟浸提液主要延迟小麦种子的萌发.随浸提液浓度的增大,小麦种子的最终发芽率、发芽速率、幼苗叶绿素含量呈"降-升-降"的趋势变化,而幼苗高度、根长呈"升-降"的趋势变化.化感强度综合效应是叶＞根＞茎,提示人们在小麦生产区要注意油樟种植的密度.     

Genetic analysis and mapping of rice （Oryza sativa L.） male-sterile （OsMS-L） mutant

A rice male-sterile mutant OsMS-L of japonica cultivar 9522 background, was obtained in M4 population treated with ^60Co γ-Ray. Genetic analysis indicated that the male.sterile phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene. Results of tissue section showed that at microspore stage, OsMS-L tapetum was retarded. Then tapetal calls expanded and microspores degenerated. No matured pollens were observed in OsMS-L anther locus. To map OsMS-L locus, an F2 population was constructed from the cross between the OsMS-L (japonica) and LongTeFu B(indica). Firstly, the OsMS-L locus was roughly mapped between two SSR markers, RM109 and RM7562 on chromosome 2. And then eleven polymorphic markers were developed for further fine fine-mapping. At last the OsMS-L locus was mapped between the two lnDel markers, Lhsl0 and Lhs6 with genetic distance of 0.4 cM, respectively. The region was delimited to 133 kb. All these results were useful for further cloning and functional analysis of OsMS-L.     

Genetic dissection of a thousand-grain weight quantitative trait locus on rice chromosome 1

Thousand-grain weight （TGWT） is an important factor affecting grain yield as well as grain quality in rice. A quantitative trait locus （QTL） qTGWTI-1 for TGWT was detected previously near DNA marker RG532 on the short arm of chromosome 1 in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population derived from the indlca-indica rice cross Zhengshan97B （ZS97B）/Milyang46 （MY46）. In this study, two residual heterozygous lines （RHLs）, Chl and Ch2, derived from the ZS97B/MY46 RIL F7 population, were used to develop two Fe populations, RIL-1 and RIL-2. The genome of Chl and Ch2 contains a heterozygous region flanked by RM1--RM3746 and RM151--RM243 on the short arm of chromosome 1, respectively, but is homozygous in other regions. Two tightly linked QTLs, Gwl-1 and Gwl-2, with the same additive direction and similar effect on TGWT, were detected in the region of QTL qTGWTI-1 in population RIL-2. No QTL was detected in the population RIL-1. Four individual RHLs from the population RIL-2 carrying heterozygous segments flanked by RM151--RM10404, RM10381--RM243, RM10435--RM259 and RM10398--RM5359, respectively, were chosen to develop four F= populations. Ten maternal homozygotes and 10 paternal homozygotes were selected from each of the four F2 populations derived from the four RHLs. The four sets of near isogenic lines （NILs） were grown for phenotyping of TGWT and delimitation of Gwl-1 and Gw1-2. Results showed that Gwl-1 and Gw1-2 were located in the intervals RM10376--RM 10398 and RM10404--RM 1344 which cover 392.9 and 308.5 kb regions, respectively. The enhancing alleles were from ZS97B at both loci, and no significant interactions were detected. Genetic dissection of Gwl-1 and Gwl-2 has laid a foundation for their cloning and molecular breeding of grain yield and quality in rice.     

水稻垩白性状的遗传研究进展

垩白性状是稻米最重要的品质性状之一,阐明水稻垩白性状的遗传机理十分重要.主要对水稻垩白的遗传基础、垩白数量性状位点(Quantitative trait loci,QTL)的定位及其垩白性状相关基因的分离与克隆进行了综述,并提出了相应的遗传改良措施,以期为优质水稻育种提供参考和借鉴.     

塔玛亚历山大藻溶血毒素对东海原甲藻的化感作用

为明确塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu)生长的化感作用,揭示塔玛亚历山大藻和东海原甲藻的藻间竞争关系,本研究探讨了不同营养盐条件下塔玛亚历山大藻无藻细胞滤液中溶血毒素对东海原甲藻生长的影响.研究发现,塔玛亚历山大藻的无藻细胞滤液中溶血毒素对东海原甲藻的生长有显著的抑制作用;无藻细胞滤液中溶血毒素的活性强弱依次为:N-限制,Fe-限制,富营养与P-限制;溶血毒素的抑制作用大小与溶血毒素活性强弱一致.提示溶血毒素在塔玛亚历山大藻的化感作用中可能扮演重要角色.     

Identification and mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling cold-tolerance of Chinese common wild rice (O. rufipogon Griff.) at booting to flowering stages

Cold injury is an important limitation of rice production. Therefore, screening for cold-tolerant genetic resources and the development of highly cold-tolerant cultivars is crucial for higher yield potential and stable yield of rice. There have been several reports on the genetic analysis and QTL mapping of the cold-tolerance at the booting stage. Toriyama et al.[1,2] and Futsuhara et al.[3,4] reported that 4 or more genes were involved in the cold-tolerance. Several QTLs at the booting sta…     

Genetic analysis and gene fine mapping for a rice novel mutant （rl9〈t）） with rolling leaf character

Much attention has been paid to leaf shape of rice in the process of ideotype breeding[1]. Several authors have reported that the rolling of leaf in some degree helps keep it erect, consequently optimizing canopy light transmission condition, which is good for dry matter accumulation and for high yield[2―6]. Rice as a polymorphic crop has many types of vari- ety with different morphologies. In terms of leaf shape, different cultivars with rolling leaf have been identifiedin rice germplasm. Le…     

Genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a presenescing leaf gene psl1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A rice psl1 (presenescing leaf) mutant was obtained from a japonica variety Zhonghua 11 via radiation of 60Co-γ in M2 generation. Every leaf of the mutant began to wither after it reached the big-gest length,while the leaves of the wild variety could keep green for 25―35 d. In this study,genetic analysis and gene mapping were carried out for the mutant identified. The SSR marker analysis showed that the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (psl1) located on chromosome 2. Fine mapping of the psl1 locus was conducted with 34 new STS markers developed around psl1 anchored region based on the sequence diversity between Nippon-bare and 93-11. The psl1 was further mapped be-tween two STS markers,STS2-19 and STS2-26,with genetic distances of 0.43 and 0.11 cM,respectively,while cosegregated with STS2-25. A BAC contig was found to span the psl1 locus,the region being delim-ited to 48 kb. This result was very useful for cloning of the psl1 gene.     

水稻苗期形态性状的QTL定位

采用苗期形态性状上有着明显差异的粳稻Asominori和籼稻IR24杂交产生的重组自交系（RILs）为材料,经营养液培养后,对水稻苗期形态相关的6个数量性状：最大根长（MRL）、苗高（SH）、根干重（RDW）、茎（叶）干重（SDW）、总重（TW）以及根/茎（叶）干重比（RSR）进行了数量性状位点（QTL）定位分析.结果共检测到影响6个形态性状的8个QTL位点,分别位于水稻的第2,4,10和11染色体上,其贡献率为9.79%～22.90%.并发现位于第4染色体上的控制根/茎（叶）干重比的qRSR-4和根干重的qRDW-4的2个位点以及位于第10染色体上的控制茎（叶）干重的qSDW-10和总重的qTW-10的2个位点分别位于同一分子标记区间.研究结果对水稻苗期形态性状QTL的精细定位及培育理想株型具有一定的应用价值.     

Sequence analysis of mRNA polyadenylation signals of rice genes

Most eukaryotic mRNAs receive a poly (A) tail at their 3′-ends through a process involving the cleavage of pre-mRNA and the concomitant polymerization of adenosine residues to the cleaved RNA end[1,2]. As un- translated regions (UTRs) may contain importa…     

Comparative mapping of rice root traits in seedlings grown in nutrient or non-nutrient solution

The component and amount of nutrient in the growth medium are the major factors affecting root growth.For the systematic dissection of root gene expression,evaluation of nutrient and non-nutrient solutions was conducted for their effect on root traits and quantitative trait loci(QTL)mapping.Three rice root parameters,maximum root length(MRL),root dry weight(RDW),and root/ shoot ratio of dry weight(RSR),were characterized within a double haploid(DH)population from a cross of ZYQ8(indica)and JX17(japonica).The value of the three root traits in two parents all decreased under the nutrient condition compared to those under the nonnutrient condition,of which RSR decreased up to 2.6-fold on average.In the DH population,more than 70 % lines in MRL,94 % lines in RDW,and all the lines in RSR were scored lower.In total,eight QTLs were identified in nutrient system(5 from JX17 alleles and 3 from ZYQ8 alleles)while five QTLs were detected in non-nutrient system(4 from JX17 alleles and 1 from ZYQ8 alleles).Of them,one QTL for RSR was shared by both culturing systems,seven QTLs were specific in nutrient system and the other four QTLs were specific in non-nutrient system.All 13 QTLs were distributed over 7 rice chromosomes-2,3,4,5,6,9 and 10,respectively.     

Starch RVA profile parameters of rice are mainly controlled byWx gene

Quantitative trait locus (QTLs) mapping for rapid visco analyser (RVA) profile parameters has been carried out by using a double haploid (DH) population derhred from a cross betweenindica variety Zhai-Ye-Qing 8 andjaponica variety Jing-Xi 17 and its genetic linkage map. The results indicate that the segregation of the RVA profiles is continually distributed among the DH lines, and some DH lines show transgressive segregation for all the parameters. A major QTL,Waxy (Wx) gene on chromosome 6 which controls the amylose synthesis, has been detected significantly for 5 traits: hot paste viscosity (HPV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), breakdown viscosity (BDV), consistency viscoslty (CSV) and setback viscoslty (SBV). Therefore, the RVA profile parameters are mainly controlled byWx gene. Other 3 and 2 QTLs have also been identified for BDV and SBV, respectively, and two of them share the same region on chromosomes 1 and 5. However, the peak viscosity (PKV) is controlled by a minor QTL on chromosome 12, qPKV-12.     

水稻高温白化复绿突变体tcd52的遗传分析和分子定位

粳稻品种“嘉花1号”经甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）化学诱变处理,获得一个稳定遗传水稻幼苗高温白化复绿突变体tcd52.该突变体在高温（>24℃）条件下,二叶期叶色呈白色失绿,三叶期开始复绿,四叶期后与野生型没有明显差异;而在低温（20℃）条件下,tcd52突变体苗期叶色与野生型一致呈绿色,无白化现象.利用该突变体tcd52与“培矮64S”杂交构建F₂遗传群体,发现苗期的高温白化复绿叶色性状受到一对隐性核基因控制,并将该突变基因（tcd52）定位在水稻第5染色体上的ID05M16025和ID05M16113分子标记之间的127 kb区间内,经测序推定突变基因是编码PPR蛋白的基因LOC＿Os05g49920.结果表明：tcd52是一个受高温响应且影响水稻早期叶绿体发育的关键基因.今后将进一步对tcd52基因进行研究,以加深了解温度对水稻叶绿体分子发育机理.     

一个新的水稻幼苗黄叶突变体的遗传分析及其基因的初步定位

在60Coγ射线辐照的水稻突变体库中,发现了一个以粳稻品种日本晴为遗传背景的幼苗叶色黄化突变体syl11(seedling yellow leaf 11).与野生型相比,突变体幼苗第二和第三叶表现黄色,在其完全展开之前叶片自其顶端开始转绿,长到四叶期其叶色恢复正常;并且该突变体syl11幼苗黄色叶片光合色素含量明显下降.遗传分析表明,该突变体的遗传性状由1对隐性核基因控制.本研究以培矮64S/syl11的F2代突变型植株作为定位群体,应用微卫星(SSR)分子标记以及新发展的InDel分子标记,将基因syl11定位在水稻第11号染色体长臂上的RM26652和处于着丝粒附近的ID11974分子标记之间,其遗传距离分别为0.5 cM和0.7 cM.