融合升力线理论和雷诺时均模拟在螺旋桨设计和 水动力性能预报中的应用

同时采用Lerbs非最优螺旋桨理论和Epps最佳环量分布理论,将螺旋桨升力线方法由初始设计应用扩展到敝水性能预报,对DTMB 4119、4381、4382和4497这4个螺旋桨的敞水性能曲线进行了预报分析.针对升力线方法在中度负载区间的适用限制和无法在黏性流场中考虑桨叶空化性能的缺陷,进一步将Epps方法与雷诺时均（RANS）模拟相结合,可明显提高低、高负载区间的敞水性能预报精度.Epps方法预报精度要高于Lerbs方法,能够满足工程初始分析需求.随着远离设计工况点（低、高进速系数）其预报误差变大,桨叶侧斜程度和纵倾存在也会增大预报误差.RANS模拟时桨叶切面型值由升力线方法提供,桨叶几何和六面体网格划分均采用程式化操作实现.在分析网格因素影响后,所得推力和力矩系数以及压力系数分布均匀与实验值吻合较好.在RANS模拟中加入混合物均相流空化模型后,可定量得出桨叶梢涡涡束在一定距离内的螺旋轨迹.结合桨叶最大负载截面的空化斗性能和梢涡涡束最小压力点幅值,可相对判定桨叶空化性能.构建了基于水动力性能评价的螺旋桨参数化设计和非空化与空化性能预报的数值平台.
     

基于CFD的船舶导管螺旋桨的水动力性能研究

运用计算流体力学软件对黏性流场中导管螺旋桨的水动力性能进行了计算研究,模拟了导管螺旋桨在不同进速系数下的推力系数、转矩系数、导管螺旋桨表面压力分布等.首先利用UG及Gambit建立计算模型,然后在FLUENT软件中利用滑移网格(Moving Mesh)的方法计算导管螺旋桨在敞水状态下推力以及转矩.最后将计算结果与模型试验值进行比较,CFD计算结果与模型试验结果吻合.     

螺旋桨多种工况敞水性能数值预报

为快速、简便、低成本地获取螺旋桨多种工况下推力系数和转矩系数,根据螺旋桨基本参数,推导并建立空间三维螺旋桨型值点数学模型,并采用Matlab语言进行编程,将计算得到的型值点导入前处理软件,建立光滑的三维螺旋桨模型.以某型AU桨为研究对象,运用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对其在黏性流场中的正车前进、正车后退、倒车前进及倒车后退4种工况的敞水性能进行数值模拟,给出不同进速系数时的推力系数、转矩系数、桨叶表面压力分布.结果表明,绝大部分计算值与试验值吻合良好,可满足工程应用的要求.     

襟翼舵的敞水及桨后水动力性能研究

采用面元法对螺旋桨与襟翼舵相互干扰水动力性能进行计算,两者之间的相互干扰采用迭代处理.计算了敞水中襟翼舵与普通舵的法向力系数,并与试验值进行了比较.敞水计算结果显示,与普通舵相比,襟翼舵的法向力系数有了较大的提高,同时襟翼舵的转舵比对于襟翼舵水动力性能的影响比较大.在敞水襟翼舵的基础上,计算了螺旋桨与襟翼舵相互干扰的水动力性能.与敞水襟翼舵相比,桨后襟翼舵在相同舵角的情况下,法向力系数增大,但增加的幅度不同.还计算了襟翼舵在转舵比为1/4、进速系数为0.5时襟翼舵某剖面在敞水及桨后的表面压力系数分布情况.     

RANS方法和升力面理论预报螺旋桨敞水性能比较研究

利用CFX软件,通过求解雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes(简称RANS)方程和使用标准的两方程k-ε湍流模型对MAU4-50螺旋桨进行了敞水性能预报,同时应用基于势流理论的升力面方法加粘性修正对同一螺旋桨进行了计算.为了评价两种方法的预报精度,将计算结果与试验值进行了对比.对于推力系数,RANS和升力面理论的平均误差分别为3.8%和12.7%;对于扭矩系数,RANS和升力面理论的平均误差分别为6.2%和7.4%.RANS和升力面理论计算得到的敞水效率的平均误差分别为-3.94%和3.69%.结果表明,RANS的计算精度高于升力面理论,但前者的计算成本高.     

船舶反弯扭螺旋桨水力特性的数值模拟与分析

运用计算流体力学方法(CFD)对船舶反弯扭螺旋桨的水力特性进行数值模拟计算,获得了螺旋桨的推力系数、扭矩系数及敞水效率等水力特性参数,与试验结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好.模拟计算提供了详细的三维流场分布,可对反弯扭桨叶的工作特性和叶梢涡、尾涡及气蚀的分布状态进行深入的分析.在叶面邻近区域采用层叠式的半结构网格以适应边界层的计算要求,在边界层外的流动区域采用非结构网格,取得了较高的计算精度.     

离心泵导叶扩散段内湍流计算

采用三维贴体坐标计算了多级离心泵导叶中的湍流流场,其雷诺数Re=2.59×10~5.所采用的数值方法是目前计算流体领域中较新颖的分块隐式有限差分方法,将直角坐标推广为湍流计算,湍流计算模型为标准的K—e模型.精确地模拟出了泵导叶中的高雷诺数湍流速度及压力场.其结果与实验值基本吻合.     

复合材料螺旋桨水动力性能与结构响应数值研究

通过CFD计算复合材料螺旋桨水动力载荷,应用有限元法计算复合材料桨结构响应,并基于双向耦合算法实现复合材料螺旋桨在均匀来流下的流固耦合数值模拟.研究了不同进速系数和不同铺层角度工况复合材料螺旋桨的水动力性能及结构响应.结果表明,在进速系数J ≤ 0.8时,复合材料螺旋桨的推进效率明显高于同工况下的金属螺旋桨.随进速系数增加,复合材料螺旋桨推进效率先增加后减小,在进速系数J = 0.8时取得最大值.桨叶总变形和等效应力分布与铺层角度有较大关系.复合材料螺旋桨的螺距角较金属螺旋桨减小,减小的螺距角与桨叶攻角的变化相匹配,自适应地提高了该螺旋桨的推进效率.      

螺旋桨前置自由旋轮的初步研究

本文提出一种新的船舶节能和减振装置,即在螺旋桨的前方安装同轴线自由旋转的叶轮,可使伴流均匀化和产生预旋,同时旋轮还发出附加推力.文中给出了叶轮和推进器叶切面的速度多边形图和水动力表达式;分析了旋轮的叶片数、直径和转速对效率的影响.此外提出了旋轮设计的简化方法.最后,介绍了一个螺旋桨带前置旋轮的模型敞水试验,结果表明敞水效率比单独螺旋桨模型相对提高3%～4%.     

对转螺旋桨敞水性能数值预报

建立了对转螺旋桨敞水性能数值预报模型,采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)方法结合SSTk-ω湍流模型研究了美国泰勒水池的2组对转螺旋桨的敞水性能,通过滑移网格处理前后桨之间的相对运动,分析了前、后桨非定常推力系数和扭矩系数的变化规律.通过与试验数据的比较,结果表明:采用RANS方法结合SSTk-ω湍流模型能够较准确地预报对转螺旋桨的敞水性能;对于前后桨叶数相等的对转螺旋桨,采取小的时间步长能够提高数值预报精度,而对于前后桨叶数不等的对转螺旋桨,可以适当地加大时间步长.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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