粉煤灰酸浸提铝试验条件的优化

 为优化酸浸法从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的试验条件,提高酸溶过程浸出率,降低氟化物掺量,采用正交试验,对影响浸出率的各种因素进行研究。通过优化试验条件,提高铝的浸出率,大大降低环境污染。当溶出温度达沸腾硫酸浓度为12 mol/L固液比为1：3溶出时间为120 min、KF 和粉煤灰的质量比为4：100 时,铝的浸出率可达91.2%。在没有降低浸出率的前提下,有毒氟化物的掺量约减少一半。     

Fe3+浸出污水污泥中重金属实验研究

在25 ℃,污泥浓度20 g/L条件下,以硫酸铁为萃取剂对两种污泥(W1＆W2)进行重金属浸出研究.结果表明,向污泥中投加硫酸铁能导致污泥酸化和污泥中重金属的溶出.投加量越大,污泥pH值降得越低,重金属的溶出率也越高.向W1中投加按Fe3 计算为1.5 g/L硫酸铁时,其pH值降至3.02,Cd,Cu,Zn溶出率分别可达到82.5%,70.9%和89.0%;向W2中投加4.5 g/L Fe3 ,其pH值降至3.19,Cd,Cu,Zn的溶出率分别可达到80.0%,88.2%和92.1%.在相同pH条件下,Fe3 比硫酸能更有效浸出污泥中重金属;用Fe3 浸提污泥中重金属能达到与生物淋滤法同等的溶出效果,并缩短了反应时间.用Fe3 浸出污泥中重金属具有一定可行性.     

不锈钢酸洗污泥中重金属的浸出试验研究

采用无机酸作为浸出剂对不锈钢酸洗污泥中的重金属进行浸出,在相同条件下,各种酸的浸出效率顺序为：硫酸 >盐酸 >硝酸.讨论了硫酸浸出酸洗污泥时浸出时间、硫酸浓度、液固比和温度等条件对金属浸出率的影响.结果表明,硫酸浓度和液固比对镍铬的浸出率有较大的影响,而温度的影响较小.在液固比为6：1、温度为30℃、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L以及浸出时间为90 min的条件下,污泥中镍、铬、铁和锰的浸出率分别为99.3%,99.2%,99.8%和93.2%,残余污泥中镍铬含量符合排放标准.     

萃取法回收水厂污泥中铝的技术研究Ⅰ.清液萃取法

水厂污泥的铝含量高,是一种重要的铝再生资源。研究了液相离子交换萃取法铝回收技术。采用P204-煤油作为萃取剂,与水厂污泥的酸溶浸出液反应,经3级错流萃取,铝萃取率可达96.3%。以5 mol/L硫酸为反萃剂,在相比(VO∶VA)为5∶1的条件下经3级反萃,铝反萃率达到98.9%,反萃液符合液态商品硫酸铝的质量标准,可作为饮用水处理的混凝剂回用。     

助溶酸浸硫铁矿烧渣的研究

采用常压下助溶酸浸的方法对提取硫铁矿烧渣中的铁进行了研究,得到硫铁矿烧渣中铁浸出率的影响因素及规律。结果表明,影响铁浸出率的主要因素为硫酸浓度、反应时间和温度、硫酸用量系数、助溶剂用量及热水用量;当硫酸用量系数为1.05、硫酸浓度为65%-70%、反应温度为125℃、反应时间为3-4 h、助溶剂用量为烧渣量的16%-20%、热水用量为烧渣量的1倍或1.8倍时,铁的浸出率可达95%以上。     

温度对污泥焚烧灰中重金属迁移行为与浸出特性的影响

实验考察了温度分别为500、600、700和800℃时,污泥在焚烧炉中停留25min后的污泥灰中和原污泥中重金属(Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb)的含量;采用改进的分步BCR提取法来研究7种重金属的酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态的分布特征,并利用地累积指数法(Igeo)对重金属潜在风险进行了评价,模仿酸雨条件探讨了污泥焚烧前后重金属的浸出特性.实验结果表明,污泥焚烧温度达到500℃以上,焚烧灰中上述7种金属元素可氧化态和残渣态基本呈增长趋势,生态风险等级均不同程度的降低,700℃时,各元素主要以残渣态形式存在,此时,Pb、Cr、Co三种元素的Igeo潜在生态风险等级由原来的1级降为0级,Cd元素的Igeo风险等级由原来的9级降为7级,在800℃时,Cu元素的风险级别由2级降为1级.浸出毒性实验表明,焚烧灰中重金属浸出毒性远远低于焚烧前,随着温度的升高,浸出毒性呈现下降趋势,且随着时间的增加,浸出毒性含量逐渐增大.原污泥Mn元素在4h浸出率100%,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率下降到27.1%;Cu元素800℃焚烧后,20h浸出率由原来的20.6%降低到4.2%;Co、Ni、Cr、Cd、Pb元素,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率分别由原来的18.3%、22.7%、14.3%、9.4%、18.2%降低到3.0%、3.5%、0.31%、0.28%、0.21%,其整体浸出能力与重金属形态分析结果基本一致.     

α-Fe2O3在酸中溶解性能的研究

目的 比较不同工艺条件下制备的α-Fe2O3在酸中的溶解性能。方法采用重量法测定α-Fe2O3溶出率。结果经灼烧过的α-Fe2O3在热的盐酸、硫酸-氢氟酸、硫-磷混合酸中能不同程度地溶解。在6mol／L HCl中微沸约1h时,α-Fe2O3的溶出率处于稳定状态。结论灼烧后的α-Fe2O3在热的盐酸溶液中具有不同程度的溶解。     

采用氧化焙烧-酸浸法从高碳石煤中提钒试验研究

针对广西某难浸高碳石煤,比较相同焙烧和酸浸条件下静态焙烧矿和流态化焙烧矿钒的浸出率,优化流态化焙烧矿的酸浸条件。研究结果表明:流态化焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率比静态焙烧矿酸浸钒的浸出率平均高24%,所以,在相同焙烧温度、时间下流态化焙烧较静态焙烧更利于钒的浸出;在液固质量比为0.8:1.0,二氧化锰添加量为3%和氢氟酸添加量为2%的条件下,得最佳酸浸条件,即酸矿质量比为0.4:1.0,浸出温度为150℃,浸出时间为6 h,在此最佳酸浸条件下,钒浸出率可达88.26%。     

铝灰渣高效利用的试验研究

以废铝灰渣为原料利用碱酸碱法制备聚合氯化铝,探讨加热温度、混合物配比、保温时间对固相热分解阶段的影响,以铝灰溶出率为指标探索酸溶及碱溶的最佳工艺.对处理后的残渣进行XRD图谱分析,以确定残渣的主要成分.且通过Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法对所制备的聚合氯化铝溶液中铝水解形态进行分析.研究结果表明:经碱酸碱处理后铝灰的溶出率高达95.94%,由此可合成高浓度(0.53 mol/L)高Alb(85%)含量的PAC溶液.且铝灰经此工艺处理后剩余残渣量少,主要成分为α-Al2O3.     

二次铝灰低温碱性熔炼研究

研究利用低温碱性熔炼法提取二次铝灰中铝的过程.探讨碱灰质量比、盐灰质量比、熔炼温度、熔炼时间、不同添加剂和不同混料方式等因素对铝浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:优化条件为:碱灰质量比1.3、盐灰质量比0.7(NaNO3)或0.4(Na2O2)、熔炼温度500℃、熔炼时间60 min.湿混料可以提高铝浸出率,以NaNO3为添加剂干混料铝浸出率最高可达87.52％,以NaNO3为添加剂湿混料铝浸出率最高可达92.71％,以Na2O2为添加剂湿混料铝浸出率最高可达92.76％.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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