二硫化铁光电薄膜制备技术的研究进展

黄铁矿结构的二硫化铁(FeS2)是一种具有合适的禁带宽度(Eg≈0.95 eV)和较高光吸收系数(当λ≤700 nm时,α=5×105cm-1)的半导体材料,而且其组成元素在地球上储量丰富、无毒,有很好的环境相容性。因此,FeS2薄膜在光电子以及太阳能电池材料等方面有潜在的应用前景,受到人们的广泛关注。本文从不同制备方法所制备出的二硫化铁薄膜的研究结果,来分析二硫化铁薄膜的研究状况。     

FeS2薄膜成分与Fe膜硫化温度的关系

采用真空热蒸发法在玻璃基片上沉积厚度约为500 nm的铁膜,然后对铁膜在温度为553~673 K的条件下恒温硫化6 h,以制备二硫化铁薄膜.通过对所制备的薄膜进行结构和成分分析发现,当硫化温度为603~653 K时,Fe膜硫化完全,所得薄膜为单一物相的FeS2薄膜,薄膜晶粒大小均匀,表面致密,S/Fe值为1.94~1.96,接近理想化学配比.     

硫化温度对两步法制备FeS2薄膜性能的影响

在553 K、573 K、603 K、653 K、673 K硫化温度下用两步法制备FeS2薄膜。分析了所制薄膜的结构及光电性能等,同时还研究了硫化温度对两步法制备FeS2薄膜的影响规律。     

光电薄膜材料FeS2(黄铁矿)的研制

研究了用电沉积法制作太阳能电池薄膜材料.分别用三种含铁元素和硫元素的水溶液淀积FeS2薄膜,将所得的样品在N2氛围中退火,退火温度分别为400℃和500℃.结果表明,从FeSO4*7H2O+Na2S2O3*5H2O水溶液得到的薄膜中含FeS2的衍射峰比从其它两种水溶液得到的薄膜中含FeS2的衍射峰多而明;退火温度为400℃比500℃更合适;另外,为防止薄膜氧化,在真空中干燥效果最佳.     

铁粉表面硫化处理制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金

突破常规铁基粉末合金的制备工艺,设计出一种制备高密度Fe-Cu-C合金的新工艺.通过对铁粉表面进行硫化处理,Fe与S反应合成FeS,均匀包覆在Fe粉颗粒表面,形成一层FeS润滑薄膜,有利于降低压制摩擦力.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、和场发射扫描电镜分析研究材料的物相、元素分布和显微组织.研究结果表明:包覆在铁粉颗粒表面的FeS薄膜,有利于提高压坯密度,活化烧结.当S质量分数为0.5%时,硫化处理的Fe-2Cu-0.8C合金的力学性能优异,压坯密度7.31 g·cm-3,硬度78.6 HRB,抗拉强度485 MPa;当S质量分数达到0.8%时,多余的FeS占压制体积分数,导致试样的压坯密度降低,力学性能降低.     

黄铁矿材料合成条件的热力学分析

对主元素活度项法优势相图计算机绘制过程作了改进,利用QBasic软件和Origin制图系统计算和绘制了Fe-S-O体系的lgPS2-lgPO2优势区相图和lgPS2-lgPSO2优势区相图,并利用这些优势区相图分析了黄铁矿合成时残余氧气杂质对黄铁矿材料的影响,结果表明:(1)使用流动的高纯惰性气体携带硫化气体(如S2)与加热的Fe或其氧化物起硫化反应制备二硫化铁时,为了保证合成黄铁矿的纯度,合成反应发生前必须让残余氧与硫充分反应去除残余氧;(2)硫磺与Fe或其氧化物一起密封于石英容器中,在573~773 K加热处理从理论上可以制备高纯的FeS2。     

真空蒸镀法制备巨磁阻抗材料

采用真空蒸镀法在玻璃基片上制备具有巨磁阻抗效应的单层FeS iB薄膜.通过改变驱动电流方向和外磁场方向,得到4种测量巨磁阻抗效应的方式.通过比较发现,只有当外加磁场和单轴磁各向异性方向垂直时才有比较明显的巨磁阻抗效应的出现,并比较了磁各向同性和磁各向异性FeS iB薄膜的巨磁阻抗效应.验证了用真空蒸镀法能够制备具有巨磁阻抗效应材料的可行性.     

CuGa_(1-x)In_xSe_2薄膜材料的研究进展

CuGa_(1-x)In_xSe_2薄膜材料是具有黄铜矿结构的半导体化合物,由于具有大的吸收系数,并可通过改变x来调整禁带宽度从而实现能隙裁剪等优点,已广泛应用于制备太阳能电池,其转化效率可高达18.8%。目前,CuGa_(1-x)In_xSe_2薄膜的制备主要有三段制备法和金属层预置后硒化法两种。对上述两种制备方法进行了介绍,总结了CuGa_(1-x)In_xSe_2薄膜材料在太阳能电池中的商业化现状。并提出今后CuGa_(1-x)In_xSe_2薄膜材料研究应在进一步研究薄膜的形成机理,降低缺陷,寻找更合适的晶格适配率衬底材料等方面进行。     

硫化时间对FeS2薄膜结构和性能的影响

在硫化温度为653 K和硫化时间分别在3、6和12 h的条件下,用硫化铁膜法制备FeS2薄膜.通过对不同条件下制备的薄膜成分、结构和光电性能研究表明:当硫化时间大于6 h时,薄膜的成分接近理想化学配比,直接光学能带间隙大约为1.15~1.17 eV,电阻率约为1.3Ω.cm.     

高功率Li/FeS2电池的研制

随着信息技术的快速发展,用电器对电池的需求也日益增长,尤其是对高能量高功率电池的需求,而普通碱性电池显然无法满足这种要求.本文作者在国内率先成功研制了采用改性FeS2作为正极材料的AA型高能量高功率Li/FeS2电池.天然FeS2经过研磨、焙烧和酸洗,可最终制得改性FeS2.讨论了天然及改性FeS2的化学成分、物理性质和结构特征,并分别测试了二者组装成锂电池的放电容量.研究结果发现:FeS2的纯度、颗粒大小是影响Li/FeS2电池电化学性能的重要因素.在此基础上,对比了AA型Li/FeS2电池与同型号碱性电池的放电性能.Li/FeS2电池的整个制备过程完全满足环保的要求.研究表明:Li/FeS2电池是一种绿色、高功率的新型能源,具有广泛的应用前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.