闽中方斑东风螺室内人工育苗试验

以闽中海区野生方斑东风螺为亲螺开展室内育苗试验,结果认为:(1)池底无沙的室内虾苗池可将野生方斑东风螺驯养为有产卵能力的亲螺,且成活率可达81%以上;(2)闽中地区6-7月份是该螺人工育苗的适宜季节;(3)定期采用功率适宜的水泵冲池壁,可防稚贝爬出干死。     

不同蛋白源饲料对方斑东风螺生长的影响

方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata Link)是我国东南沿海主要的腹足类经济动物之一,近年来,方斑东风螺的人工养殖正日益受到人们的重视.选用鱼粉(Fish meal:FM) 、豆粕(Soybean meal:SBM) 、菜籽粕(Rapeseed meal:RM)、啤酒酵母(Beer yeast:BY)为原料设计6种不同蛋白源组合的饲料,在水温25～28℃,盐度26～28的条件下,对初始体质量为(2.95±0.28) g,壳长为(2.06±0.10) cm的方斑东方螺进行为期75 d的生长实验.实验结果表明:在实验组中,以Diet 5(FM1+SBM1+RM1)相对增量率最高,且显著高于Diet 1(FM)(p＜0.05),但与其它各实验组差异不显著(p＞0.05).饲料转化率(Feed conversion ratio)变化趋势与相对增量率类似.Diet 1 和Diet 5两组的相对增长率显著高于其它各实验组(p<0.05).蛋白质利用率方面,Diet 1 和Diet 2(FM1+SBM1) 显著低于其它各实验组(p<0.05).各实验组间的成活率并无显著差异(p＞0.05).研究表明,日粮中各种蛋白源以适当比例混合使用才能获得最佳的生长表现及饲养效益,即Diet 5中鱼粉、豆粕、菜籽粕1:1:1(质量比)的比例组合为方斑东风螺较优蛋白源.该研究的开展对今后研制经济高效的方斑东风螺配合饲料具有指导意义.     

甲醛和三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性实验

在水温28.4~30.4℃的条件下,分别研究了甲醛、三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性影响,实验结果表明,甲醛对方斑东风螺幼体24,48,72,96 h的LC50(半致死质量浓度)分别为25.716,8.973,3.089,2.830 mg.L-1;三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体24,48,72,96 h的LC50分别为25.142,16.986,7.130,5.468μg.L-1.估算得到甲醛、三丁基锡对方斑东风螺幼体的安全质量浓度分别为0.283 mg.L-1,0.547μg.L-1.     

大獭蛤人工苗种浅海沉箱式中间培育试验研究

分别于2008年月12月至2009年3月和2009年5月至8月,2次在北海市乔港镇沿岸浅海进行大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima Jonas)人工苗种自然海区沉箱式中间培育试验。试验培育工具为长方形聚乙烯水果框,规格为长×宽×高=50cm×35cm×15cm,放苗前框内装满中沙。试验用大獭蛤苗种规格为壳长0.2~0.5cm。分别经过2次75d和45d的中间培育,大獭蛤人工苗种增长至出苗规格2.5~3.5cm,成活率分别为42.56%、41.13%。在海水温度25.0~31.5℃和1000粒/筐养殖密度下,大獭蛤人工苗种的浅海沉箱中间培育生长速度快,成活率高,苗种活力强,养殖成活率高。     

益生菌对方斑东风螺幼体生长与变态的影响

对方斑东风螺幼体进行益生菌投喂试验。结果表明:0.7-1.1g.d-1的益生菌投放量对幼体生长的促进作用明显。     

重金属铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性试验

在水温28.4-30.4℃的条件下,分别研究了重金属铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性影响.试验结果表明,铅对方斑东风螺幼体48h、72h、96h的LC50(半致死浓度)分别为19.543、4.571、1.071 mg·L-1;镉对方斑东风螺幼体48h、72h、96h的LC50(半致死浓度)分别为2.960、0.612、0.198 mg·L-1.估算得到铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的安全浓度分别为0.107 mg·L-1、0.020 mg·L-1.     

方斑东风螺对饲料蛋白质需要量的研究

以白鱼粉和酪蛋白为蛋白源设计了8个不同蛋白质水平的饲料,在水温26.90±1.52 ℃,盐度27.6±0.5及遮光的条件下对初始个体体质量为2.16±0.05 g的方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata Link)进行为期60 d的生长实验.统计分析结果表明:饲料中蛋白含量对方斑东风螺的相对增质量率呈抛物线回归关系,在饲料蛋白含量为43.10%时,相对增质量率达到最大值(p《0.05).饲料效率、饲料系数在蛋白含量35.17%以上基本上无显著差异(p》0.05),蛋白质效率随着饲料中蛋白质含量的增加而降低,各蛋白组间的成活率没有显著差异(p》0.05).以相对增质量率为指标,采用回归分析法确定方斑东风螺饲料蛋白质适宜含量为36.47%～43.10%.     

不同群体东风螺属齿舌的比较

采集中国沿海不同区域的方斑东风螺、泥东风螺标本,从这2种螺4个群体中每个群体抽样解剖30个个体,进行齿舌结构的对比.结果表明,东风螺属种间齿舌的区别主要体现在中央齿的中间突起,方斑东风螺种内不同群体间差别较小,但泥东风螺种内存在较大的中央齿第三突起基部角的差异.种间的差异要明显大于种内的差别,通过对结果的分析提出了一些通过齿舌鉴别东风螺属内各种的方法.     

菲牛蛭的人工养殖方式试验

于2004年5月8日至2005年3月8日,采用垄沟、池塘和水泥池三种养殖方式进行菲牛蛭的人工养殖试验。结果表明:在菲牛蛭的生长期,其条均净增重和成活率分别是:垄沟组1.253g和91.7%,池塘组1.087g和79.3%,水泥池组0.919g和67.3%;垄沟组的净增重和成活率与池塘组呈显著性差异(P<0.05);与水泥池组比较呈极显著性差异(P<0.01);池塘组与水泥池组比较呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。在菲牛蛭的冬眠期,采用垄沟养殖的菲牛蛭,其越冬后的成活率为85.3%,显著高于池塘组的74.4%(P<0.05),而水泥池组的成活率为0;相对增重率为-12.6%,与池塘组的-13.5%差异不显著(P>0.05)。土壤可提高人工养殖菲牛蛭的成活率并能使其安全越冬,水泥池养殖不适合菲牛蛭的越冬。     

金钱鱼当年鱼种室内养殖生长特性研究

为了研究金钱鱼当年鱼种在室内养殖的生长特性,在水温19.2～31.5℃、盐度7～11、pH为8.2～9.1条件下,室内水泥池中以初始放养密度为325尾·m-2和390尾·m-2分别进行高密度养殖。养殖期间各组每隔14 d分别随机抽样测量30尾受试鱼的体长和体重,10个批次共测量840尾。结果表明:经过126 d的养殖,金钱鱼当年鱼种体长由(1.68±0.23) cm增至(6.56±0.79) cm,体长日均增长量3.90%,体长相对增长率291.41%;体质量由(0.34±0.13) g增至(14.78±5.37) g,体质量日均增重量11.52%,体质量相对增重率4 230.53%。体质量(W)与体长(L)呈幂函数关系,关系式为:W=0.096 L2.651 3 (R2=0.978),方程b值小于3。体长(L)与日龄(t)表现为曲线相关:L=-0.000 1 t2+0.07 t-1.983 7 (R~2=0.980 6,P0.01)。体质量(W)与日龄(t)表现为曲线相关:W=0.000 4 t~2+0.033 2 t-3.204 6 (R~2=0.986 6,P0.01)。室内养殖条件下金钱鱼当年鱼种在试验养殖周期内为异速生长类型。室内高密度养殖可以作为金钱鱼当年鱼种的一种养殖模式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.