我国农作物遥感估产研究进展

概述了遥感在我国农作物长势监测、种植面积测算和产量估算等方面的应用和研究进展,同时分析了近来MODIS在农作物遥感估产方面的应用和存在的问题。展望了我国遥感估产的研究及发展方向,认为3S技术一体化、高光谱遥感、定量遥感是今后遥感估产应用的发展方向。     

信息通讯中的能源消耗问题

1、被信息通讯消耗的能源 看看我们身边信息通讯器材的能源消耗情况，就感觉切实推进能源低消耗的措施已是刻不容缓了。以携带电话为例，1990年以前的手机携带，就像是往肩上挎袋子一样麻烦，可是一进入90年代之后就变成了用一只手就可握住的受欢迎的东西了，不过重量还是在308克以上，电池保持时间可勉强达到一天左右。时代瞬间到了90年代后期，这时，数字化的进步非常之快，在数字化快速发展的同时，终端微型化和电力低消耗的研究也在快速进展。现在，电池的保持时间已经可以达到500个小时（大约20天左右）以上。     

远程心电监护仪的设计

提出一种远程心电监护的实现方案.利用 CDMA通信和 Internet传输技术,实现患者院外心电实时远程监护,并且在监控过程中医生能够随时切换导联方式.在硬件方面,操作终端采用触屏控制器.软件上,数据远程传输采用 GpsOne技术,数据存储采用先压缩后保存的方式.整个系统集数据采集、分析、显示、记录和远程通讯于一体.仪器轻巧的结构设计,友好的操作界面,适用于心脏病人院外实时监护     

基于GPRS的远程抄表监控设计与研究

本文参考了用电远程监测系统领域的现阶段技术，设计并实现了一种基于以GR64通信模块和高性能的ARM7器件LPC2294的用电远程监测系统。先简述了GPRS通信业务及GR64模块的特点，然后重点介绍了基于GPRS的抄表监控系统的组成及原理，给出了硬件结构图，并详细阐述了具体的软硬件设计过程。实际应用表明，该系统在实现远程抄表、实时监控、防窃电功能的同时还具有性价比好等优点。     

远程证明方法的研究综述

远程证明方法是可信计算理论中一个重要的组成部分，本文追踪该领域的最新发展方向，重点剖析了四大类远程证明模型，并就其优缺点做出了详细的分析，横向上对所有模型进行了比较，从而进一步得到了现有远程证明模型的不足，展望了其未来的发展方向，为该领域的研究奠定了很好的基础.     

基于HJ-1B卫星的作物秸秆提取及其焚烧火点判定模式

作物秸秆焚烧产生的气体和颗粒物严重污染大气环境,威胁人类健康,给交通带安全带来隐患,利用遥感技术优势监管秸秆焚烧火点具有重要的现实意义.文中基于HJ-1B卫星CCD多光谱遥感数据和IRS热红外遥感数据,以中国江苏中东部为研究区,开展作物秸秆提取及其焚烧火点判定的一体化研究.根据秸秆的光谱特征研究建立了秸秆乘积指数(SMI),结合其纹理信息可从HJ-1BCCD遥感图像上快速有效的提取出秸秆分布,继之结合修正后的火点探测算法可对HJ-1BIRS遥感数据进行火点提取.在秸秆分布和火点探测结果矢量化的基础上,通过GIS技术进行火点叠置分析,可有效地判定作物秸秆火点分布,同时结合实地调研及与MODIS火点产品比对分析验证评价了本研究方法的可行性和有效性.     

日本基础研究领域国际合作态势的文献计量分析

本文以科学引文索引数据库扩展版收录的、日本发表于2004～2008年的国际合著论文为研究对象，通过对论文在学科领域分布、国家分布、机构分布等方面的文献计量分析，揭示了过去5年来日本在基础研究领域所开展的国际合作的基本表现与特征。     

基于DSP和CPLD的电力数据远程通讯系统设计

本文根据电力数据的特点，提出了一种新的电力数据压缩处理方案。首先对电力数据进行预处理，然后再用自适应Huffman编码对实时采集的电力数据进行压缩。通过对比测试结果，本文给出了运用此处理方案的效果仿真图。最后提出了基于DSP和CPLD的电力数据远程通讯的设计方案，该方案简单易行，适合电力系统，为本算法的移植打下了基础。     

基于文献计量分析的全球系统动力学研究力量分布及合作网络研究

本研究基于社会网络理论,以美国科学引文索引数据库扩展版(SCI-EXPANDED)和社会科学引文索引数据库(SSCI)收录,发表于1981~2013年间的1160篇论文题录数据为研究对象,对系统动力学领域的研究力量分布及全球合作网络进行了分析。研究发现:过去30余年来越来越多国家/研究机构涉足于系统动力学研究。大多数论文发表量较多的国家/机构在全球合著网络中都处于较为核心的地位。其中,美国、英国位列第一梯队。此外,部分国家/机构的表现,无论是在论文产出质量上还是在合作网络中的地位上,均与其论文产出规模的表现存在差异性。     

光释光测年研究国际态势分析

光释光(OSL)测年被提出30年以来已经发展成为第四纪研究中最被认可的测年技术之一。但是,该技术在国内外的发展态势尚不明晰。基于文献计量的方法,利用Thomson Data Analyzer(TDA)和UCINET软件对Web of Science的SCIE数据库中收录的发表于1985~2015年的OSL测年研究论文进行定量分析,分别从研究论文总量变化情况、研究力量分布、研究热点方向及我国光释光测年研究主要特征这4个维度对OSL测年研究国际态势及我国发展现状进行了讨论,并对我国该技术未来的发展提出了建议。     

Transformation: a tool for studying fungal pathogens of plants

Plant diseases caused by plant pathogenic fungi continuously threaten the sustainability of global crop production. An effective way to study the disease-causing mechanisms of these organisms is to disrupt their genes, in both a targeted and random manner, so as to isolate mutants exhibiting altered virulence. Although a number of techniques have been employed for such an analysis, those based on transformation are by far the most commonly used. In filamentous fungi, the introduction of DNA by transformation typically results in either the heterologous (illegitimate) integration or the homologous integration of the transforming DNA into the target genome. Homologous integration permits a targeted gene disruption by replacing the wild-type allele on the genome with a mutant allele on transforming DNA. This process has been widely used to determine the role of newly isolated fungal genes in pathogenicity. The heterologous integration of transforming DNA causes a random process of gene disruption (insertional mutagenesis) and has led to the isolation of many fungal mutants defective in pathogenicity. A big advantage of insertional mutagenesis over the more traditional chemical or radiation mutagenesis procedures is that the mutated gene is tagged by transforming DNA and can subsequently be cloned using the transforming DNA. The application of various transformation-based techniques for fungal gene manipulation and how they have increased our understanding and appreciation of some of the most serious plant pathogenic fungi are discussed. Received 9 May 2001; received after revision 2 July 2001; accepted 3 July 2001     

Single cell biology beyond the era of antibodies: relevance,challenges, and promises in biomedical research

Research of the past two decades has proved the relevance of single cell biology in basic research and translational medicine. Successful detection and isolation of specific subsets is the key to understand their functional heterogeneity. Antibodies are conventionally used for this purpose, but their relevance in certain contexts is limited. In this review, we discuss some of these contexts, posing bottle neck for different fields of biology including biomedical research. With the advancement of chemistry, several methods have been introduced to overcome these problems. Even though microfluidics and microraft array are newer techniques exploited for single cell biology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) remains the gold standard technique for isolation of cells for many biomedical applications, like stem cell therapy. Here, we present a comprehensive and comparative account of some of the probes that are useful in FACS. Further, we illustrate how these techniques could be applied in biomedical research. It is postulated that intracellular molecular markers like nucleostemin (GNL3), alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) and HIRA can be used for improving the outcome of cardiac as well as bone regeneration. Another field that could utilize intracellular markers is diagnostics, and we propose the use of specific peptide nucleic acid probes (PNPs) against certain miRNAs for cancer surgical margin prediction. The newer techniques for single cell biology, based on intracellular molecules, will immensely enhance the repertoire of possible markers for the isolation of cell types useful in biomedical research.     

高校产学研一体化发展的实践与前瞻

本文探讨我国高校产学研一体化发展的必要性、可行性及其前景。从人类社会发展的历史特点入手，并借鉴了美国硅谷发展的经验和我国改革开放推进社会主义市场发展的需求，对高校产学研一体化发展的道路作了论述。针对目前高校产学研一体化中存在的问题，作者提出了加速高校产学研一体化发展的四条建议：1，高校产学研一体化发展必须转变观念，积极参与社会大循环；2，推进高校产学研一体化要有过硬的产品和准确的市场定位；3，高校产学研一体化发展要依托高科技园区，切实解决经费投入问题；4，高校产学研一体化发展要突出以人为本的思想，努力造就发明家和企业家。     

Overlapping ontologies and Indigenous knowledge. From integration to ontological self-determination

Current controversies about knowledge integration reflect conflicting ideas of what it means to “take Indigenous knowledge seriously”. While there is increased interest in integrating Indigenous and Western scientific knowledge in various disciplines such as anthropology and ethnobiology, integration projects are often accused of recognizing Indigenous knowledge only insofar as it is useful for Western scientists. The aim of this article is to use tools from philosophy of science to develop a model of both successful integration and integration failures. On the one hand, I argue that cross-cultural recognition of property clusters leads to an ontological overlap that makes knowledge integration often epistemically productive and socially useful. On the other hand, I argue that knowledge integration is limited by ontological divergence. Adequate models of Indigenous knowledge will therefore have to take integration failures seriously and I argue that integration efforts need to be complemented by a political notion of ontological self-determination.     

The non-relativistic limits of the Maxwell and Dirac equations: the role of Galilean and gauge invariance

The aim of this paper is to illustrate four properties of the non-relativistic limits of relativistic theories: (a) that a massless relativistic field may have a meaningful non-relativistic limit, (b) that a relativistic field may have more than one non-relativistic limit, (c) that coupled relativistic systems may be “more relativistic” than their uncoupled counterparts, and (d) that the properties of the non-relativistic limit of a dynamical equation may differ from those obtained when the limiting equation is based directly on exact Galilean kinematics. These properties are demonstrated through an examination of the non-relativistic limit of the familiar equations of first-quantized QED, i.e., the Dirac and Maxwell equations. The conditions under which each set of equations admits non-relativistic limits are given, particular attention being given to a gauge-invariant formulation of the limiting process especially as it applies to the electromagnetic potentials. The difference between the properties of a limiting theory and an exactly Galilean covariant theory based on the same dynamical equation is demonstrated by examination of the Pauli equation.     

On the verge of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Umdeutung</Emphasis> in Minnesota: Van Vleck and the correspondence principle. Part one

In October 1924, The Physical Review, a relatively minor journal at the time, published a remarkable two-part paper by John H. Van Vleck, working in virtual isolation at the University of Minnesota. Using Bohr’s correspondence principle and Einstein’s quantum theory of radiation along with advanced techniques from classical mechanics, Van Vleck showed that quantum formulae for emission, absorption, and dispersion of radiation merge with their classical counterparts in the limit of high quantum numbers. For modern readers Van Vleck’s paper is much easier to follow than the famous paper by Kramers and Heisenberg on dispersion theory, which covers similar terrain and is widely credited to have led directly to Heisenberg’s Umdeutung paper. This makes Van Vleck’s paper extremely valuable for the reconstruction of the genesis of matrix mechanics. It also makes it tempting to ask why Van Vleck did not take the next step and develop matrix mechanics himself. This paper was written as part of a joint project in the history of quantum physics of the Max Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte and the Fritz-Haber-Institut in Berlin.     

Bioaccumulation processes in ecosystems.

The fate of environmental pollutants--the various isotopes of elements, and inorganic or organic compounds--is a fundamental aspect of ecology and ecotoxicology, and bioaccumulation is a phenomenon often discussed in this context. Human activities have drastically altered natural concentrations of many substances in the environment and added numerous new chemicals. An understanding of the processes of bioaccumulation is important for several reasons. 1) Bioaccumulation in organisms may enhance the persistence of industrial chemicals in the ecosystem as a whole, since they can be fixed in the tissues of organisms. 2) Stored chemicals are not exposed to direct physical, chemical, or biochemical degradation. 3) Stored chemicals can directly affect an individual's health. 4) Predators of those organisms that have bioaccumulated harmful substances may be endangered by food chain effects. While former theories on the processes of bioaccumulation focused on single aspects that affect the extent of accumulation (such as the trophic level within the food chain or the lipophilicity of the chemical), modern theories are based on compartmental kinetics and the integration of various environmental interactions. Concepts include results from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics, ecophysiology and general biology, molecular genetic aspects and selection, and finally the structure of communities and man-made alterations in them.     

Physicalism,realization, and structure

In the philosophy of mind and psychology, a central question since the 1960s has been that of how to give a philosophically adequate formulation of mind-body physicalism. A large quantity of work on the topic has been done in the interim. There have been, and continue to be, extensive discussions of the ideas of physicalism, identity, functionalism, realization, and constitution. My aim in this paper is a modest one: it is to get clearer about these ideas and some of their interrelations. After providing some background and history, I shall focus on two related topics: the distinction between a functional property and a structural one and the dispute over whether a realization account of the mental-physical relation provides a better physicalist account than a constitutional account.     

Male-linked translocations and the control of insect pest populations.

Published data on an experimental release of Culex pipiens carrying a male-linked translocation are re-examined and it is shown that the steady decline in translocation frequency after termination of releases agrees with theoretical expectations, because of the selective disadvantage of translocation heterozygote males. Systems based on negative heterosis or meiotic drive are considered whereby it might be possible to prolong the population control which would be achieved by a short term release.     

Genetic studies of diseases

Pancreatitis is usually inflammation of the pancreas without infection. Our understanding of pancreatitis has been built on autopsy studies, surgical biopsies and surrogate markers of inflammation and fibroses, including abdominal imaging techniques and pancreatic functional studies. However, the discovery that a number of different environmental factors and various genetic abnormalities are seen in patients with similar appearing pancreatitis phenotypes teaches us that end-stage pathology is not the disorder. Understanding complex associations and interactions requires that the components and their interactions be organized, stratified and functionally defined. Systems biology, in the broad sense, provides the approach and tools to define the complex mechanisms driving pathology. As the mathematics behind these pathways and mechanisms are defined and calibrated, the potential pathology of patients with early signs of disease can be predicted, and a number of patient-specific targets for intervention can be defined.