钢筋混凝土电化学除氯的试验研究

通过试验,研究了钢筋混凝土电化学除氯时所采用的电流密度、电量以及初始氯离子含量对除氯效果的影响,同时监测了除氯前后混凝土中钢筋的电位以及钢筋周围混凝土组成的变化情况。结果表明:初始氯含量、电流密度、电量对除氯效率均有不同程度的影响;除氯后钢筋电位向正向偏移,腐蚀的可能性降低;除氯后钢筋周围的Ca(OH)2含量增加,有利于钢筋的钝化恢复。     

环氧树脂对混凝土中钢筋抗腐蚀性行为的电化学研究

用4×4阵列丝束电极模拟研究了混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀,将钢筋混凝土做不同的涂层处理:空白、铁丝表面涂抹树脂、混凝土表面涂抹树脂.通过测量铁丝的自腐蚀电位,研究不同涂层方式对混凝土防腐方面的影响.实验结果表明:只在混凝土表面涂抹树脂是最好的保护方式,它可以使钢筋的腐蚀电位一直处于钝化范围内,从而保证了钝化膜的完整性.这一结果对防止沿海地区和冰雪融化剂的氯离子对混凝土的破坏作用有意义,同时可应用于有杂散电流作用的混凝土结构物的防腐蚀.     

钢筋宏电池腐蚀锈坑尺寸的二维模型

钢筋混凝土耐久性研究中有关钢筋锈蚀量计算的现有模型或是针对钢筋横截面损失率(含锈蚀深度)或是只给出了阴阳极电流密度(腐蚀速度)的计算公式.这样的结果对常规静载作用下的钢筋混凝土构件是可信的,但当结构构件承受的是疲劳荷载时,这些结论公式是否仍然可用有待深入的研究.本文对混凝土中的钢筋经受宏电池(局部)锈蚀并因此产生局部锈坑的描述方法进行了研究,提出了钢筋宏电池腐蚀锈坑尺寸的二维模型.     

局部钢纤维混凝土梁腐蚀后弯曲性能试验研究

为了研究海洋防腐蚀结构工程耐久性,采用局部钢纤维混凝土制作了9根试验梁,通过模拟海洋环境中进行干湿交替的循环腐蚀作用,进行腐蚀电位测试.对不同钢纤维体积率、不同钢纤维铺设厚度、不同腐蚀程度的钢纤维钢筋混凝土梁进行四点弯曲静力试验研究.结果表明:混凝土中的分布于钢筋周边的钢纤维,改变了含水腐蚀介质中离子的汇聚方式,阻止了内部钢筋的腐蚀.钢纤维的加入对于提高钢筋混凝土梁的开裂载荷和耐久性具有重要作用.当钢纤维体积率为1.25%、钢纤维混凝土厚为50 mm时效果最为显著.采用钢纤维作为主动防止钢筋锈蚀的工程技术具有广泛的应用前景.     

混凝土内钢筋锈蚀速率时变的全过程模式

讨论恒定气候环境下,混凝土内钢筋锈蚀速率的变化。在恒定气候环境和氯盐侵蚀条件下,对混凝土中钢筋的锈蚀电流密度进行测量。测量结果表明,在钢筋锈蚀过程中,锈蚀速率(锈蚀电流密度）具有时变特性,并且其时变过程可以划分为6个阶段。试验结果也显示了混凝土强度及混凝土电阻率对钢筋锈蚀速率变化的影响。基于不同锈蚀水平下钢筋与混凝土交界面过渡区(ITZ）的细观结构,开展了试验结果的机理分析,发现锈蚀层的发展和锈胀开裂是影响锈蚀过程的主要因素。最后,建立了钢筋锈蚀速率时变的全过程模式。     

论混凝土结构中的钢筋腐蚀

混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀是影响钢筋混凝土结构耐久性和使用寿命的重要因素,对钢筋混凝土结构中的钢筋腐蚀原因进行了分析。     

碳纳米管对钢筋混凝土耐氯盐腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学快速腐蚀法研究了碳纳米管掺量(0.1%~0.5%)对钢筋混凝土在5%氯盐环境下的电流强度、变形开裂特征及钢筋质量损失率的影响.结果表明:少量碳纳米管会在混凝土中形成微细电容器,降低钢筋混凝土的导电性,保护钢筋防止钢筋腐蚀;而掺量较多时会形成导电通路,增加混凝土的导电性,提高钢筋混凝土的腐蚀电流强度.变形性能测试结果表明:0.1%~0.3%碳纳米管使得混凝土开裂破坏时间延长11%~32%;掺量较多时,会提高钢筋混凝土开裂破坏速度,钢筋混凝土开裂时间比普通混凝土提早了27.8%.钢筋质量损失率测试结果表明:在混凝土中掺入0.1%~0.3%碳纳米管使得钢筋质量损失率比普通混凝土低30%~81%.扫描电镜测试结果表明:腐蚀后,普通混凝土保护层中存在大量的针柱状腐蚀针体,并且还可以观察到脆性裂缝,而碳纳米管改性混凝土中的裂缝较小,碳纳米管束缚针状晶体并相互交缠.     

复杂环境下钢筋锈蚀特征对混凝土强度影响

采用外加直流电场和内掺氯化钠的方法模拟杂散电流和氯离子共存的腐蚀环境,研究了杂散电流与氯离子共存环境下钢筋锈蚀特征及其对混凝土强度的影响.结果表明:二者共存时对混凝土耐久性的危害远大于杂散电流单独作用;当二者共存时,钢筋锈蚀程度明显增加,钢筋由钝化状态到严重腐蚀状态时间大幅度缩短,且受腐蚀钢筋的电化学当量和腐蚀电流密度随着电流强度增大、氯离子浓度升高以及腐蚀时间延长而增大;同时,该条件下混凝土力学性能受损较为严重,其下降程度与钢筋锈蚀程度有关.     

长期受弯构件应力应变分布及变形规律研究

通过全面考虑混凝土徐变收缩、裂缝影响及应力重分布变化过程,推导了适于不同应力分布条件下钢筋混凝土受弯构件截面长期应力应变分布规律的计算方法.提出了钢筋混凝土构件收缩翘曲变形影响系数曲线及曲率计算公式,并建立了分析预测受弯构件初始及长期总变形的通用分析方法.考虑截面非线性应力分布曲线,对各类受弯构件长期徐变收缩效应及变形进行分析,通过了试验验证.研究归纳了配筋率、截面尺寸等影响受弯构件长期挠度变化规律的主要因素.分析表明,钢筋能有效约束受弯构件长期徐变变形,而收缩翘曲变形大小及方向则主要取决于拉、压钢筋配筋率比值;在同等的初始抗弯刚度或截面积条件下,宽扁梁长期变形增长较普通梁显著.     

钢筋混凝土腐蚀防护的技术发展动态

钢筋混凝土是最重要的建筑材料之一，钢筋混凝土的腐蚀破坏，直接影响到工程结构的可靠性和大型建筑长期的安全保障。因此，钢筋混凝土的腐蚀研究和防护技术的开发，已经成为国际上普遍重视的热点之一。首先总结、分析并阐述承腐蚀环境条件下，混凝土中钢筋腐蚀发生和发展的原因，腐蚀性组分从环境透过作为我相电解质的混凝土达到钢筋表面，破坏了钢筋的钝态，是钢筋腐蚀的主要原因。钢筋腐蚀产物的容胀应力，使混凝土裂开，加速了腐     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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