苦荞重组自交系群体F_5代SSR遗传图谱的构建

以"小米荞×晋荞2号"杂交组合,通过单粒传获得的245个F_5代重组自交系(命名为SJ-RILs)群体为作图材料,构建SSR遗传连锁图谱。结果显示:350对SSR引物在亲本间有多态性的为59对,多态率为16.9%;多态性引物在SJ-RILs群体共扩增出80个等位变异位点;来自小米荞和晋荞2号等位基因分别占群体总基因型的51.5%和48.5%;采用作图Jionmap4.0软件构建的遗传连锁图总长度为1 106.74cm,含11个连锁群,80个分子标记,其中偏分离标记27个,相邻标记的平均间距为13.83cm。结论:该图谱可为苦荞遗传图谱构建、重要性状QTL的定位和基因组学研究隆奠定基础。     

四倍体彩色马铃薯分子遗传连锁图谱构建研究

以四倍体彩色马铃薯(‘黑美人’,‘MIN-021’)杂交F1代单株无性株系群体为材料,利用SSR分子标记技术及作图软件(TetraploidMap)进行了彩色马铃薯分子遗传连锁图谱的构建研究.结果表明:从255对SSR引物中筛选出34对条带清晰稳定、多态性丰富的适宜引物,对‘黑美人’בMIN-021’杂种F_1的210个单株无性系及其双亲的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增共得到201个多态性标记.用这201个SSR标记对双亲分别作图,首次构建了四倍体彩色马铃薯的分子遗传连锁框架图谱.母本图谱含129个标记,12个连锁群总长度为1 167cM,标记间平均距离为9.04cM;父本图谱含131个标记,12个连锁群总长度为1 187cM,标记间平均距离为9.06cM.     

蓖麻遗传图谱构建初报

以YC1×YF181自交形成的161个F2单株为作图群体,利用345对SSR引物和30对ISSR选扩引物,在亲本YC1和YF181之间进行了多态性检测,筛选出80对SSR和1对ISSR引物用于F2群体分析.利用上述引物组合共检测到145个多态性标记位点,其中的124个标记构建了蓖麻分子连锁图谱该图谱覆盖基因组全长396 cM,平均图距7.76cM.     

黄瓜SRAP遗传连锁图的构建及始花节位的基因定位

在由黄瓜自交系S06与S52杂交产生的F2群体中,应用SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)标记构建黄瓜的分子遗传连锁图谱.使用了64个多态性引物组合,共得到108个多态性条带,单对引物组合最多的产生5个多态性条带,平均1.7个.在F2群体中对这些多态性位点进行连锁分析,并用Mapmaker 3.0构建连锁群,77个标记位点进入9个连锁群(LOD≥3.0),总长1114.2 cM,标记平均间距14.5 cM,标记均匀分布于整个连锁群.同时将始花节位性状控制基因ffn(first flower node)定位在第Ⅸ连锁群上,与两侧标记DC1EM5和ME7EM2A的距离分别为10.3和12.1 cM.     

基于优质早籼稻品种佳辐占的遗传图谱的构建

以优质常规稻佳辐占为父本,分别以广陆矮4号和明恢86为母本,构建两个重组自交系(以下简称为“广佳”群体和“明佳86”群体).利用559对简单重复序列(SSR)引物对亲本进行多态性分析,获得佳辐占和广陆矮4号、佳辐占和明恢86亲本间有差异的引物分别201对和186对,多态率分别达35.95%和33.33%.利用这些引物构建了两张水稻遗传图谱,其中广佳图谱包含127对SSR标记,全长约1 015.7 cM,平均标记间距为8 cM;明佳86图谱包含131对SSR标记,全长约1 263.6 cM,标记平均间距为9.6 cM.遗传图谱的构建便于研究佳辐占优质性状的遗传规律、外观品质性状间的内在关系,以期为分子标记辅助选育细长、大粒、优质的水稻新品种打下基础.同时,这是两个基于重组自交系的图谱,可长期用于群体内各种性状的遗传规律分析及QTL定位.     

甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变基因ndf1的分子标记连锁遗传作图

利用240对SSR和672对SRAP分子标记, 以甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变株系与高秆野生型杂交的回交一代(BC1)群体为材料, 对甘蓝型油菜矮秆突变基因ndf〖STBX〗1〖STBZ〗进行连锁遗传作图分析. 结果表明 : (1)在240对SSR引物中, 有145对的扩增产物显示出突变株系与野生型间具有多态性, 采用矮秆与高秆杂交F2群体集团分离分析法(BSA)筛选连锁分子标记, 并利用BC1群体进行遗传连锁作图分析, 发现位于13号连锁群上的Na12 E02和CB10057〓2对SSR标记与矮秆突变基因ndf〖STBX〗1〖STBZ〗位点紧密连锁, 2对标记位于矮秆突变基因ndf〖STBX〗1〖STBZ〗的同侧, 连锁图距分别为634cM、877cM; (2)经过672对SRAP分子标记连锁遗传分析, 获得了4对与矮秆突变位点连锁的SRAP标记: Me15em4 288、Me28em3 171、Me25em15 262和Me3em18 684, 与矮秆突变位点的连锁图距分别为1248cM、1519cM、2019cM和3546cM, Me28em3 171和Me3em18 684位于矮秆突变基因ndf〖STBX〗1〖STBZ〗的另一侧.     

苜蓿SSR引物在蚕豆上的通用性及SSR引物在F_2群体中的偏分离分析

为了探究苜蓿SSR引物在蚕豆上的通用性及SSR引物在F2群体中的偏分离分析,本研究用216对苜蓿SSR引物研究在青海地区蚕豆的4个地方品的通用性,并且以云122与TF-42构建的F2群体为引物偏分离分析材料,共检测786对SSR引物。结果表明:苜蓿引物在蚕豆中的通用性比率为76.39%,多态性比率为6.02%;在亲本中具有多态性的引物为97对,26对引物在群体中具有多态性,在P0.05显著水平上,共有19个分子标记表现偏分离,占总标记数目的比例为76%,其中有12个标记偏向父本TF-42,共占偏分离标记总数的比例为63.2%;3个标记偏向母本云122,共占偏分离标记总数的比例为15.8%;4个标记偏向杂合体,共占偏分离标记总数的比例为21%。蚕豆中引物偏分离比例较高,一定程度上有利于在链锁群中检测出偏分离热点区域。     

检疫性杂草假高梁及其近似种SSR分子标记的遗传多样性

利用SSR标记对8个假高粱及其近似种样品的遗传多样性进行研究,结果发现：（1）在11对SSR引物中,有5对扩增出多态性,这5对引物共检测到25个多态性位点,每对引物平均能检测到5个多态性位点;（2）根据Nei’s遗传距离分析的聚类树显示：这8个高粱属物种共可分为2个类群,7个亚类群;假高粱和黑高粱、拟高粱和明福1号间的亲缘关系极近;（3）SSR结果揭示出所测8个群体的Gst为0．0864,说明本文研究的Sorghum属8个物种的群体遗传分化程度属于中度。     

检疫性杂草假高粱及其近似种SSR分子标记的遗传多样性

利用SSR标记对8个假高粱及其近似种样品的遗传多样性进行研究,结果发现:(1)在11对SSR引物中,有5对扩增出多态性,这5对引物共检测到25个多态性位点,每对引物平均能检测到5个多态性位点;(2)根据Nei's遗传距离分析的聚类树显示:这8个高粱属物种共可分为2个类群,7个亚类群;假高粱和黑高粱、拟高粱和明福1号间的亲缘关系极近;(3)SSR结果揭示出所测8个群体的Gst为0.0864,说明本文研究的Sorghum属8个物种的群体遗传分化程度属于中度.     

皖草2号RIL群体5个农艺性状的QTL定位

皖草2号是我国育成的第1个高粱和苏丹草的杂交品种,具有产量高、品质优、适应性强的特点。以皖草2号重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料,对其株高（PH）、茎粗（SD）、分蘖数（TN）、单株鲜质量（FW）和单株干质量（DW） 5个农艺性状进行了遗传分析;利用SSR分子标记,构建了皖草2号RIL群体的遗传图谱,并对株高、茎粗、分蘖数、单株鲜质量和干质量5个农艺性状进行QTL定位。结果表明：（1）RIL群体的平均株高、茎粗、分蘖数、单株鲜质量和单株干质量都位于2个亲本之间;除分蘖数外,其他4个性状呈正态分布。（2）利用147个SSR标记构建了10个连锁群的遗传图谱,总遗传距离为1 030.4 cM,标记间的平均距离为7.14 cM;进一步利用遗传图谱定位了控制5个农艺性状的QTL位点共22个,其中PH位点1个、SD位点2个、TN位点6个、FW位点7个、DW位点6个,在这22个QTL位点中,qFW-6位点贡献率最小,为3.61%;qDW-8位点贡献率最大,为34.24%。研究结果可为饲用高粱与苏丹草杂交种的分子标记辅助育种提供一定的理论参考。     

Construction of a genetic linkage map for cotton based on SRAP

DNA markers have been widely used in construction of molecular genetic linkage maps in plants. The first genetic linkage map of cotton was constructed by Reinish in 1994 using RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism)[1], which included 705 polymorphic loci on 41 linkage groups with a total length of 4675 cM. Afterwards, several genetic linkage maps were constructed[2—7], but no map is comparable to this one in marker density. A high-density genetic linkage map could be applied effec…     

Fine mapping of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ht2 (Helminthosporium turcicum</Emphasis> resistance 2) gene in maize

Fine mapping of Helminthosporium turcicum resistance gene Ht2 is extremely valuable for map-based cloning of the Ht2 gene,gaining a better knowledge of the distribution of resistance genes in maize genome and marker-assisted selection in maize breeding.An F2 mapping population was developed from a cross between a resistant inbred line 77Ht2 and a susceptible inbred line Huobai.With the aid of RFLP marker analyses,the Ht2 gene was mapped between the RFLP markers UMC89 and BNL2.369on chromosome 8,with a genetic distance of 0.9cM to BNL2.369.There was a linkage between SSR markers UMC1202,BNLG1152,UMC1149 and the Ht2 gene by SSR assay,Among the SSR markers,the genetic distance between UMC1149 and the Ht2 gene was 7.2cM,By bulked segregant analysis 7 RAPD-amplified products which were probably linked to the Ht2 gene were selected after screening 450 RAPD primers and converted the single-copy ones into SCAR markers.Linkage analysis showed that the genetic distance between the SCAR marker SD-06633 and the Ht2 gene was 0.4cM.From these results,a part of linkage map around the Ht2 gene was constructed.     

Construction of AFLP-based genetic linkage maps for the Chinese shrimp Fenneropaeneus chinensis

Fenneropaeneus chinensis is an important species in marine fishery resources and aquaculture in China. A genetic linkage map is essential for improving the efficiency of its breeding by marker-as- sisted selection and identifying commercially important genes. Linkage maps of F. chinensis were constructed with an F2 mapping population (110 progenies) using amplified fragment length polymor- phic (AFLP) marker in this study. Fifty-five AFLP primer combinations produced 532 AFLP markers fitting for map strategy in mapping family. The markers with 3:1 segregating ratios were analyzed using F2 intercross model for the common linkage map, while the markers with 1:1 ratio were analyzed using the pseudo-testcross strategy. The maps of male, female and common were constructed. The female map included 103 markers that formed 28 linkage groups, covering a total length of 1090 cM. All mark- ers were linked with the linkage groups. Segregation distortion was observed for 6 of 103 markers in the female map. The average distance between markers was 14.53 cM and ranged from 4.4 to 24.8 cM. The male map included 144 markers that formed 35 linkage groups. Ten markers remained unlinked in male map. Segregation distortion was observed for 7 of 144 markers in the male map. The total dis- tance of male map covered 1617 cM. The average distance between markers was 16.36 cM. The male map was 32.6% longer than the female map, which may reflect sex-specific recombination rates in Chinese shrimp. The common map was composed of 216 markers, including in 44 linkage groups covering a total distance of 1772.1 cM. Two markers remained unlinked. No distorted markers of 216 markers were shown in the common map. The distance between markers was 10.42 cM. An average estimated genome size for the Chinese shrimp was 2420 cM, which was consistent with the relative size of the Penaeid genome. The distribution of AFLP markers was relatively even in chromosomes of Chi- nese shrimp maps. The linkage analysis presented in this work provided some insight into the level of polymorphism and genetic variation of Chinese shrimp.     

Development, chromosome location and genetic mapping of EST-SSR markers in wheat

A number of 151695 wheat expression sequence tags （ESTs） that originated from GenBank/dbEST from July 14, 2003 to August 24, 2004 were used to search for simple sequence repeats （SSRs） with motif 2-5 bp, and 2038 simple sequence repeats （EST-SSRs）, which accounted for 1.34% of EST database, were identified. Based on these SSR sequences, 249 EST-SSR primer pairs and 166 amplified clear bands in various wheat cultivars were designed. These EST-SSR markers can be used as new molecular markers in wheat and related species. Using Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic lines, 93 EST-SSR primer pairs and 193 EST-SSR loci were located on 19 wheat chromosomes except for 4A and 4B. Forty-three loci were mapped on 11 chromosomes of the genetic framework map previously constructed using recombinant inbred lines.     

Construction of AFLP-based genetic linkage maps for the Chinese shrimp Fenneropaeneus chinensis

Fenneropaeneus chinensis is an important species in marine fishery resources and aquaculture in China. A genetic linkage map is essential for improving the efficiency of its breeding by marker-assisted selection and identifying commercially important genes. Linkage maps of F. chinensis were constructed with an F2 mapping population （110 progenies） using amplified fragment length polymorphic （AFLP） marker in this study. Fifty-five AFLP primer combinations produced 532 AFLP markers fitting for map strategy in mapping family. The markers with 3：1 segregating ratios were analyzed using F2 intercross model for the common linkage map, while the markers with 1：1 ratio were analyzed using the pseudo-testcross strategy. The maps of male, female and common were constructed. The female map included 103 markers that formed 28 linkage groups, covering a total length of 1090 cM. All markers were linked with the linkage groups. Segregation distortion was observed for 6 of 103 markers in the female map. The average distance between markers was 14.53 cM and ranged from 4.4 to 24.8 cM. The male map included 144 markers that formed 35 linkage groups. Ten markers remained unlinked in male map. Segregation distortion was observed for 7 of 144 markers in the male map. The total distance of male map covered 1617 cM. The average distance between markers was 16.36 cM. The male map was 32.6% longer than the female map, which may reflect sex-specific recombination rates in Chinese shrimp. The common map was composed of 216 markers, including in 44 linkage groups covering a total distance of 1772.1 cM. Two markers remained unlinked. No distorted markers of 216 markers were shown in the common map. The distance between markers was 10.42 cM. An average estimated genome size for the Chinese shrimp was 2420 cM, which was consistent with the relative size of the Penaeid genome. The distribution of AFLP markers was relatively even in chromosomes of Chinese shrimp maps. The linkage analysis presented in this work provided some insight     

Development of simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers of ramie and comparison of SSR and inter-SSR marker systems

Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. ) is an important bast fiber crop. To study genetic background of this species, we isolated and characterized microsatellite markers of ramie. A genomic library containing inserts of rapid amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)fragments was constructed, and screened by PCR amplification using anchored simple sequence repeats as primers. A total of 26 clones were identified as positives, and 13 microsatellite loci were found after sequencing. The polymorphism of these 13 microsatellite loci was examined and the utility of simple sequence repeats (SSR) and inter-SSR (ISSR) marker systems for genetic characterization compared using 19 selected ramie cultivars. Both approaches successfully discriminated the 19 cultivars which differed in the amount of polymorphism detected. The level of polymorphism detected by SSR was 95.0 %, higher than that by ISSR (72.3 % ), but the average polymorphism information content (PIC) of ISSR (0. 651) was higher than that of SSR (0. 441). The higher PIC value of ISSR suggests that ISSR is more efficient for fingerprinting ramie cultivars than SSR markers. However, because the SSR loci are codominant, they are more suitable for determining the homozygosity levels of ramie, constructing linkage map, quantitative trait loci study of complex traits and marker-as-sisted selection.     

重庆市常用及新选玉米自交系SSR指纹图谱构建

选用32对玉米SSR引物检测重庆市部分常用及新选玉米自交系间的遗传差异,基于扩增带型清晰、稳定和易于统计原则,从中筛选10对引物作为构建66个玉米自交系指纹图谱的核心引物.结果表明,共扩增出31个条带,每对引物检测到条带3~4个,平均为3.10个.多态性信息量(PIC值)变幅为0.487~0.723,平均为0.651.相似系数在0.29~0.94之间,平均值为0.62.聚类分析表明,10对引物可将66份玉米自交系区分开来.初步构建了重庆市66个玉米自交系的指纹图谱.     

小麦染色体2DS雌性育性位点遗传多态性分析

小麦雌性不育系XND126属于生态遗传型不育系.通过SSR分子标记分析,在2DS染色体上定位了一个雌性育性主效QTL位点.为了构建高密度遗传图谱并精细定位该主效位点,用2DS参考遗传图谱上的14对SSR标记,研究了59个育性正常的普通小麦品种与XND126的DNA多态性,筛选到不同生态型多态性较高的品种共12个,每个品种多态性标记达12~13个,这些品种可以用作杂交亲本,构建新的QTL精细定位群体.在品种组成的群体中,与主效基因位点最近的标记,表现出有较多的品种与雌性不育系具有差异.     

Construction of a genetic map and localization of QTLs for yield traits in tomato by SSR markers

Using an F2 population derived from the hybrid of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘XF 98-7’× Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium LA2184, a SSR genetic linkage map of tomato is constructed. The map contains 112 markers and spans 808.4 cM with an average distance of 7.22 cM between loci. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for first flower node on chromosomes 5 and 11, two QTLs for number of flowers per truss on chromosomes 2 and 5, and five QTLs for fruit weight on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 9 and 12 are identified.     

Construction of a genetic map with SRAP markers and localization of the gene responsible for the first-flower-node trait in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an annualclimber originated from the tropic rain forest area inthe south of Himalayas, which belongs to the Cucur bitaceae family. Cucumber is one of the importantvegetables in the world, and its planting area is sec ond only to that of tomato[1]. However genetics re search on cucumber obviously drops behind that of thelatter. The classic genetic map of cucumber, with sixlinkage groups, is composed of more than 100 genesfor color, morphology, and dise…