济阳坳陷桩西古潜山储层裂缝的分形特征

依据分形理论,以岩心裂缝密度和裂缝容量维关系研究为桥梁,利用断裂的分形特征,对济阳坳陷桩西古潜山碳酸盐储层裂缝进行定量分析,并结合研究区钻井的油气显示情况,确定桩西潜山的裂缝分维值门槛,据此对桩西古潜山储层的裂缝有利区域和含油气范围进行预测。结果表明:桩西潜山Tg1地震反射层断裂构造分维值为1.3174,相关系数R2超过0.99,下古生界16块岩心上裂缝的容量维线性回归相关系数大于0.97,可用分数维D值来比较与评价桩西古潜山裂缝性储层中裂缝的发育程度和裂缝系统的复杂程度,定量计算该区下古生界裂缝性储层中裂缝的密度;裂缝分维值大于1.4的区域为桩西潜山裂缝发育有利区,具有较好的储层物性,是油气聚集有利区,裂缝分维值大于0.8且小于1.4的区域为裂缝发育较有利区,裂缝分维值小于0.8的区域为裂缝发育不利区。     

利用偏移距衰减属性裂缝储层检测方法

变质岩潜山是辽东湾JZ区块重要的油气勘探开发层位.通过对JZ区块潜山裂缝储层的研究,提出一种通过裂缝地层在大、小偏移距地震资料中的衰减梯度差异(DALLO分析)检测裂缝储层的方法.DALLO分析方法实现了在窄方位角采集条件下三维区块的裂缝储层发育程度的预测.根据预测结果,JZ区块潜山裂缝储层分布在距离潜山顶面一定距离的"带"内,且具有显著的非均质特征.     

碳酸盐岩裂缝储层精细建模及其数值模拟

为了有效地进行碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的地震波场数值模拟,提出了一种碳酸盐岩裂缝储层的精细建模技术,该技术包含裂缝发育带位置的准确设定和裂缝发育带物性参数的准确设定两项内容。首先基于三维叠后地震资料的裂缝检测资料和根据地震层位资料建立背景地层模型,建立包含裂缝发育带的碳酸盐岩裂缝储层模型;然后,基于流体因子分析的基质矿物体积模量反演方法,采用Hudson模型准确地计算裂缝发育带的等效物性参数。渤海某区的碳酸盐岩裂缝储层建模的实例表明,提出的碳酸盐岩裂缝储层精细建模技术能准确地建立研究区的裂缝储层模型,其得到的地震波场特征与井旁地震响应特征一致,可以有效地总结研究区裂缝储层的地震波场响应特征;并应用于指导后续的储层预测。     

方位各向异性裂缝检测技术在牛东潜山的应用

牛东潜山带碳酸盐岩储层具有非均质性强、横向变化快的特征,该区碳酸盐岩地层以缝洞储层为主.受裂缝的影响,振幅、频率、速度等地震属性的衰减现象明显,常规地震属性分析方法对裂缝的预测精度较低.准确识别裂缝储层是该区油气勘探的关键,为此在该区开展方位各向异性裂缝预测工作.成像测井结果表明,该区主要发育高陡裂缝,符合HTI介质的...     

塔北Y地区海相裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层特征及预测

探讨塔北Y地区海相裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层发育特征、主控因素及分布规律。通过岩心观察研究储层与裂缝的相互关系,通过单井储层建模及模型正演,分析有效储层的地震反应特征。结果表明,在研究区构造裂缝为喀斯特发育提供有利通道,裂缝与喀斯特之间的相互作用,形成有利储集空间。裂缝性储层能形成"串珠"状及杂乱状反射2种地震响应特征。利用振幅变化率地震属性对储层分布进行了预测,预测结果与裂缝发育规律吻合。     

碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地球物理响应特征及预测方法研究

针对碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层非均质性强、预测难度大的特点, 综合利用岩芯、成像测井和地震等资料, 对渤海湾盆地Z地区下古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩潜山油藏进行储层地球物理响应特征分析和预测方法研究。提出基于裂缝响应属性的储层预测方法, 在分频、振幅、相干、波阻抗等多种地震属性分析方法的试验基础上, 有针对性地采用改进后的基于线性图像增强的本征值相干预测方法, 预测出该区下古生界奥陶系潜山缝洞储层发育带和下一步井位部署主要潜力区。指出Z地区主要发育北东向、北西向和近南北向裂缝, 缝洞发育区主要分布在Z9井区、Z37井区、Z21井区和Z13井区。预测结果与已有钻井资料吻合程度较高, 取得良好的效果。该方法对同类碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏的研究具有较好的指导意义。     

济阳坳陷桩海地区下古生界潜山埋藏岩溶作用发育模式

 桩海地区潜山下古生界地层和储层分布具有明显的差异性,随着潜山油气田勘探的深入,这种潜山复杂储集空间的成因成为亟需解决的问题。以往对其储层及孔隙形成的解释,如风化壳成因和大气淡水成因,无法较合理地解释这一现象。研究发现,研究区具有埋藏岩溶作用发生的条件,包裹体均一温度和同位素方面的证据表明研究区存在埋藏岩溶作用且主要为压释水岩溶作用。本文对桩海地区下古生界潜山埋藏岩溶作用模式进行分析研究,归纳出3种模式：倾没端断面补给岩溶模式、翘倾端断面补给岩溶模式和背斜凸起两侧双向入渗岩溶模式。发现研究区下古生界潜山有利储层的分布受埋藏岩溶作用发育模式的控制。压释水首先进入潜山地层的良好储层,而压释水释出地层常形成淀积带,不具备储集条件或成为封堵层。结果表明,很多以前令人困惑的复杂储集空间的成因和下古生界储层和油藏的分布模式可用埋藏岩溶模式进行解释。     

泾河油田长8致密油藏地震Likelihood裂缝预测

预测鄂尔多斯盆地西南部泾河油田长8地层致密油藏裂缝发育特征.针对研究区裂缝具有小规模、弱信息、突变和线性晨布发育的特点,采用Likelihood算法对裂缝进行了预测和表征.研究表明:在垂直于裂缝方位的地震响应异常最明显,在确定裂缝方位和进行叠前方位数据处理的基础上采用Likelihood算法更加有效;在方位数据上提取的长8致密储层裂缝分布预测成果精度高,其发育位置及特性与实钻水平井钻遇裂缝段显示吻合度高.Likelihood算法是与研究区地质特性相匹配的地震裂缝预测技术.     

火成岩复杂岩性潜山“相控”裂缝建模及质控方法 ——以惠州26-6油田潜山油气藏为例

珠江口盆地惠州26-6油田火成岩潜山岩性复杂,裂缝发育,储层非均质性强,常规单一地震裂缝预测技术无法精细刻画裂缝分布规律,因此提出一套基于地质主控因素定量表征约束下的“相控”裂缝建模技术及其质控方法。首先利用钻井及地震资料精细刻画主要岩性体空间分布,并建立火成岩岩性模型;其次,采用裂缝发育主控因素定量表征方法,预测不同成因裂缝井间分布规律,建立不同成因裂缝发育密度概率体;在此基础上,以井点裂缝密度作为硬数据,以裂缝发育密度概率体为约束条件,采用随机模拟方法建立裂缝密度模型;最后,以裂缝密度模型及井点统计裂缝参数为输入信息,在岩性模型控制下通过地质统计学方法建立离散裂缝网络模型,并运用petrel软件中的Oda算法将其等效为裂缝属性模型。采用动静态结合的方法对裂缝模型进行质控优选,得到符合地质、油藏认识的裂缝属性模型。该模型较好的表征了潜山不同部位、不同岩性储层裂缝的发育特征,可有效指导油气田开发方案的编制。     

碳酸盐岩洞缝储集体正演模拟分析

碳酸盐岩非均质缝洞储层的地震响应特征复杂,而利用正演模拟技术模拟这种介质中传播的地震波的特征能为孔缝洞储层的预测提供理论依据。本文根据孔洞缝储集体的特点,建立均匀介质的正演模型,利用地震波场正演模拟技术,建立不同大小、不同波阻抗、不同埋深的缝洞型储层模型,分析缝洞型储层的地震响应特征,为碳酸盐岩储层地震勘探提供参数论证依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that