非均匀结构WC－Co硬质合金

对采用碳化烧结法制取非均匀结构硬质合金的工艺进行了研究，结果表明，碳化烧结工艺可制得非均匀结构ＷＣ－Ｃｏ硬质合金，配Ｃ量以６．０％～６．１％（质量分数）较好，最佳烧结温度为１４２０～１４５０℃，ＷＣ－１０％Ｃｏ（质量分数）合金的抗弯强度σｂｂ可达２６００～２９００ＭＰａ，密度ρ为１４．４～１４．６ｇ／ｃｍ３，硬度ＨＲＡ为８８．２～８９．９．此外，还可以获得ＷＣ＜ｌμｍ的合金。     

Sol-gel法合成Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.3)Sb_(0.1)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_x体系的超导材料的研究

本文用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法合成了Ｂｉ１．６Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｂ０．１Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系的高ＴＣ超导原粉，对于不同的烧结时间，材料的超导性有不同程度的差异，（超导转变温度为１０８．３～１１６．１Ｋ）并与同种方法合成的Ｂｉ１．７Ｐｂ０．３Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ体系进行了比较．用Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法，在Ｂｉ系中掺杂Ｐｂ，同样会缩短烧结时间（缩短６０ｈ），促进高温相的形成，同时掺杂Ｐｂ，Ｓｂ，形成超导材料所需的烧结时间进一步缩短（缩短１５３ｈ）．利用ＳＥＭ和Ｘ－ｒａｙ观察和分析了样品的形貌特征和物相结构．Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ法具有工艺简单，烧结时间短，样品颗粒均匀、粒度小、组分易控等优点，在高ＴＣ超导材料中不失为一种行之有效的材料制备工艺．     

含硅锰母合金烧结钢机理研究

研究了Ｆｅ－６．５％ＳＭ－０．４％Ｃ合金,在１２００℃,分别保温不同时间的烧结过程,分析了烧结水淬试样的金相组织及合金元素Ｍｎ的吸收电子像,结果表明,随着烧结时间的延长,Ｍｎ元素有良好的扩散均匀性,烧结过程可大致分为固－固两相、固－液两相、瞬时液相和固相烧结。     

辐射对棉纤维素相对分子质量的影响

以＾６０Ｃｏγ射线和高能电子束为辐射源，对棉纤维素的辐射降解规律进行了研究，以满足制备不同粘度要求的硝化纤维素的需要。用粘度法测定了棉纤维素的相对分子质量，得出棉纤维素相对分子质量与吸收剂量间的经验关系式：＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐射的关系式为Ｍｒ↑－＝６．１×１０＾６×Ｄ＾－０．３４；高能电子束辐射时的关系式为Ｍｒ↑－＝６．６×１０＾６×Ｄ＾０．３７，比较了两种辐射源的特点，同时探讨了相对分子质量的测定     

镧、钇稀土在过共晶铝硅合金中的作用

研究了稀土镧和钇对过共晶铝硅合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响．实验合金为Ａｌ－２２％Ｓｉ,所加稀土为富镧混合稀土（含８０％Ｌａ）和Ａｌ－８８％Ｙ中间合金,加入量分别为０．６％～１．４％Ｌａ和０．１０％～０．１８％Ｙ．合金熔化精炼后在预热至２５０°Ｃ的金属型中浇铸成１２ｍｍ×６０ｍｍ试棒,浇注温度７４０°Ｃ．高温力学性能测试３００°Ｃ下保温３０ｍｉｎ后的拉伸强度．实验结果表明：单独加入稀土不能细化初晶硅,结合磷的作用,镧、钇可实现初晶硅和共晶硅的双重变质,其中初晶硅可细化至２２μｍ左右;适量Ｌａ可形成有利于提高高温性能的Ａｌ５ＳｉＣｕ２Ｌａ化合物;Ｙ可以有效地抑制该化合物长成粗大针状．经淬火及稳定化回火热处理后,合金室温抗拉强度可达２７６ＭＰａ,高温强度可达１７４ＭＰａ．     

Fe—Mn—Si合金中层错几率和淬火空位对ε马氏体相变温度的影响

用Ｘ衍射线形分析法测定了Ｆｅ－３０．３％Ｍｎ－６．１％Ｓｉ（质量分数）形状记忆合金经不同温度淬火和经退火后的层错几率Ｐｓｆ．研究了淬火空位、层错几率与马氏体相变点Ｍｓ的关系．结果表明,增加淬火空位将促进层错的形成,使Ｍｓ提高;且Ｍｓ与１／Ｐｓｆ呈线性关系．对可能的机理进行了讨论．     

水中27种有机磷农药GC／MS分析方法研究

本文提出了一种ＧＣ／ＭＳ测定水中２７种有机磷农残物的新方法．水样经液－液（正己烷）萃取后，在萃取液中加入正十二烷作保护剂，经低温浓缩的残留物用ＧＣ／ＭＳ联用仪以ＳＩＭ方式测定．用此法不仅可同时对多种有机磷农残物进行定性与定量，而且对具有色谱峰重叠（即具有相同保留时间）的不同组分也可进行分析和测定．该法对水样中０．０５～１０．００μｇ·Ｌ－１含量水平，其平均回收率在６０．８±０．５％～１３０．３±３．４％之间，检限量为０．０３～０．９５μｇ·Ｌ－１．     

雪兔子叶的组织培养及植株再生

以雪兔子无菌苗的幼叶为外植体,接种到ＭＳ补加ＮＡＡ（１．０－２．０）ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ（０．１－１．０）ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上诱导愈伤组织,其中以ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的诱导效果最好,经６周培养即可形成大量的黄绿色愈伤组织,诱导率可达１００％,经２－３次继代培养后,将生长发良好的愈伤组织转接到ＭＳ附加６－ＢＡ（０．５－２．０）ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＩＡＡ（０．０５－０．１）ｍｇ／Ｌ、Ｎ     

乙烯系单体自由基聚合的阻聚效应(XX)取代哌啶羟胺及其稳定自由基对苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚合的影响

研究了２，２，６，６－四甲基－４－羟基哌啶羟胺（ＴＭＨＰＨＡ）和２，２，６，６－四甲基－羟基哌啶－１－氧自由基（ＴＭＨＰＯ）对偶氮二异丁腈（ＡＩＢＮ）６０℃引发的苯乙烯（Ｍ１）－甲基丙烯酸甲酯（Ｍ２）共聚合的行为．结果表明，两种阻聚剂对苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）－甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）共聚合均呈现良好的阻聚效应，其中ＴＭＨＰＨＡ略优于ＴＭＨＰＯ；同时观察到Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ共聚表观活化能和竞聚率表现出的差异．当阻聚剂为２００μｇ时，共聚物组成发生改变，它们的恒比共聚点由对照实验的０．５２９分别变化为０．５４３（ＴＭＨＰＨＡ）和０．５６７（ＴＭＨＰＯ）．     

激光熔化处理提高42CrMo钢缺口疲劳强度的研究

研究了淬火＋中温回火和淬火＋高温回火及其激光表面熔化处理的４２ＣｒＭｏ钢的显微组织和旋转弯曲疲劳强度．结果表明，４２ＣｒＭｏ钢经淬火＋中温回火和淬火＋高温回火后分别获得回火托氏体和回火索氏体．再经激光熔化处理后，表层为熔凝层，其组织为树枝（Ｍ＋Ａ′）＋树枝间（Ｍ＋Ａ′＋Ｍ３Ｃ），Ａ′的体积百分数为１９．６％；次表层为固态相变层，其组织为Ｍ＋Ａ′，在近熔凝层处Ａ′的体积百分数高达３５．４％．淬火＋中温回火４２ＣｒＭｏ钢的疲劳强度σ－１、σ－１ｎ均高于淬火＋高温回火４２ＣｒＭｏ钢．对缺口进行激光熔化处理可以提高σ－１ｎ和降低缺口敏感度ｑ，疲劳裂纹源移至次表面     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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