Determination of rare earth elements in plant protoplasts by MAA

A preliminary study on the speciation of rare earth elements in plant cells has been carried out by molecular activation analysis (MAA). Mesophyll protoplasts ofBrassica napus were isolated by enzymatic digestion. After being washed with isosmotic solution containing EDTA for several times, the protoplasts were purified by gradient centrifugation. Then the concentration of rare earth elements (REEs) in the protoplasts was determined by neutron activation analysis. The result shows that REEs can enter the cells of the plant.     

阿克提什坎金矿床稀土元素研究

系统地研究了新疆阿尔泰诺尔特地区阿克提什坎金矿床的稀土元素组成特征及热液中稀土元素的配分模型 ,并应用 Grant等位线方法讨论了热液蚀变作用过程中稀土元素的行为。认为在热液蚀变作用过程中 ,稀土元素保持惰性 ,成矿热液与岩浆热液有关 ,赋矿围岩及矿区花岗岩提供了成矿物质。     

Contents and distribution of rare earth elements in wheat seeds

Contents of 15 rare earth elements (REEs) in the seeds of 60 breeds of wheat have been analyzed by the inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution pattern of contents of REEs in wheat seeds has been observed and compared with that in soils. Comparison with literature data has also been made. The results show that the background of REEs in wheat seeds is 10-11-10-8 g.g-1, 3-4 levels lower than in soils. The distribution pattern is light REEs higher in contents and slight Eu-anomaly, similar to that in soils. The data obtained in this study can accurately represent the background content of REEs in wheat seeds.     

Effect of rare earth and alloying elements on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel

The influence of different contents of Cr, Mo, and rare earth element (RE) additives on the thermal conductivity of austenitic medium manganese steel was studied and discussed. The results show that the addition of Cr in medium manganese steel can improved the ordering of C-Mn atomic clusters, so as to improve the steel's thermal conductivity. However, Cr will lead to precipitation of a great deal of carbides in medium manganese steel when its content is greater than 4wt%. These carbides would aggregate around the grain boundary, and as a result, the thermal conductivity is decreased. By the addition of Mo whose content is about 2wt%, spherical carbides will be formed, thus improving the thermal conductivity of the medium manganese steel. The interaction between rare earth elements and alloying elements will raise both the thermal conductivity and the wear-resisting property of medium manganese steel.     

稀土元素与腐殖酸在水合氧化铁体系中的吸附机制

实验考察稀土元素(La3 、Ce3 、Ho3 、Yb3 )在水合氧化铁表面的吸附动力学过程,对比研究腐殖酸对吸附机制的影响.当腐殖酸与稀土元素共存时,腐殖酸通过化学吸附优先占据氧化铁表面的吸附点位,颗粒物表面特性因覆盖有机膜而得到修饰.初期的动力学过程主要表现为腐殖酸的竞争吸附,随后转变为吸附态腐殖酸对稀土元素的表面结合.轻稀土因较强的结合能力而比重稀土易于被吸附去除,这与天然水体中发生的稀土元素分异现象保持一致.     

稀土处理钢中夹杂物对晶内针状铁素体形成的影响

分析了稀土处理钢中夹杂物的特征（夹杂物种类、尺寸分布和体积分数）对微观组织中针状铁素体形成的影响.结果表明,钢中夹杂物种类和体积分数对针状铁素体组织的形成非常重要.稀土氧化物（包含稀土氧硫化物）与铁素体具有低至1.9%的错配度降低针状铁素体在夹杂物表面的形核能垒,从而促使它在稀土氧化物上形核.反之,稀土硫化物与铁素体具有高达42.5%的错配度不能诱导生成针状铁素体组织.此外,微观组织中针状铁素体的体积分数随着夹杂物体积分数的增加而增大,当钢中夹杂物体积分数是9.5×10-4时其体积分数达到53%.     

稀土功能材料的应用与展望

对稀土功能材料的应用进展进行了简要概述,介绍了稀土材料在发光材料、永磁材料、催化材料、储氢材料等重要领域的高值化应用情况,并展望了稀土材料在辐射防护、稀土合金等方面的研究新动向.     

Effects of rare earth elements on the microstructureand properties of magnesium alloy AZ91D

The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy AZ91D alloy were studied. The different proportion of rare earth elements was added to the AZ91D and the tensile tests were carried out at different temperatures. The experimental results show that at room temperature or at 120℃ the AZ91D's strength decrease with the increasing amount of the rare earth elements. However, the ductility is improved. The influence of 0.14%Sb (mass fraction) on the AZ91D's strength is like that of rare earth elements (0.2%-0.4%) (mass fraction). Microstructure graphs demonstrate that appropriate amount of rare earth elements (0.1%-0.2%) can fine AZ91D's grain and improve its ductility.     

稀土基纳米抗菌材料研究进展

抗生素滥用导致了细菌耐药性的增加和超级细菌的出现,使开发新型抗菌药物迫在眉睫.稀土元素具有独特的理化性质,在抗菌领域的应用得到了越来越多的关注.文章主要介绍了三类稀土基纳米抗菌材料：稀土氧化物、稀土配合物、稀土掺杂复合物,简述了这三类材料的抗菌机制和应用现状,同时对材料未来的抗菌应用前景进行了展望.     

卧龙湖煤矿岩浆侵入区煤中稀土元素的地球化学特征

以淮北卧龙湖煤矿包含岩浆岩、煤层的剖面为研究对象,通过对岩浆岩、煤岩混合带、高变质煤样品采集,结合逐级化学提取实验,采用等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)对原煤样、岩浆岩样、煤灰分以 及煤和岩浆岩逐级提取实验中各种提取物的稀土元素进行了测试,系统、深入地研究了稀土元素的含量特征、分布模式以及赋存状态.研究结果表明,岩浆岩在侵入过程中与煤层间发生一定的物质交换作用,岩样与煤样中的稀土元素分布模式相差较大,逐级化学提取实验结果表明煤和岩浆岩中稀土元素都是以硅酸盐结合态占主导,但煤中稀土元素主要来源于陆源碎屑的供给.     

Effect of rare earth elements on the microstructure and property for magnesium alloy AM60B

The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy AM60B alloy were studied. Different proportions of rare earth elements were added to AM60B and the tensile tests were carried out under different temperatures. The experimental results show that at room temperature the tensile strength of AM60B can be improved with the addition of rare earth elements. The ductility of which at room or elevated temperature (120℃) can also be improved, and the ductility is to some extent in proportion with the amount of rare earth elements. The ductility at 120℃ is better than that at room temperature. The microstructure graphs demonstrate that appropriate amount of rare earth elements (0.1%-0.2%, mass fraction) can fine AM60B's grain and improve its ductility.     

The environmental index of the rare earth elements in conodonts: Evidence from the Ordovician conodonts of the Huanghuachang Section,Yichang area

High-resolution microanalysis was performed on conodonts collected from the Huanghuachang section in the Yichang area using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). This region is regarded as a standard section for the division and correlation of the Ordovician system in southern China. The results show that the values of (La/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N decrease, while the values of δCe increase as seawater deepens and energy decreases. As the sedimentary environment changes from shallow-water carbonate platform to platform margin to open continental shelf to shelf basin, rare earth element distribution curves gradually transform from a right inclined pattern to a flat pattern to a left inclined pattern and a hat-shaped pattern. The present work proves that the values and distributive patterns of rare earth elements in conodonts correspond with the sedimentary environment, and therefore provide reliable evidence for the application of rare earth element concentrations of biogenic phosphates such as conodonts for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions.     

河南老湾金矿床流体包裹体及稀土元素地球化学研究

老湾金矿床产于中元古界龟山组,主要岩性为二云石英片岩和斜长角闪片岩。矿体受NWW向的韧脆性构造和NE向及NW向的次级构造控制,呈似层状、层状和脉状产出。矿床流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体具有中-低温度、低盐度和低密度特征;流体包裹体液相成分中富含K+、Na+,二者比值显示成矿流体主要为岩浆水。矿床、围岩和老湾花岗岩的稀土元素研究认为,成矿物质主要来源于围岩和花岗岩。     

手性稀土配合物在不对称催化应用中的研究进展

近年来随着光学纯化合物需求的不断增大,不对称催化逐渐成为科学研究的前沿领域之一.稀土元素则是由周期表中ⅢB族Sc、Y和镧系元素(La~Lu)的17种元素组成.相比其他过渡金属与各类配体轨道间的作用,稀土金属有其独特之处,因此,近年来手性稀土配合物在不对称催化领域的应用,也逐渐引起人们的重视.根据各类手性配体中所含配位原子的不同,对手性稀土配合物的类型及相关的不对称催化反应作简要综述.     

Simultaneous determination of trace rare earth elements and other elements in high purity terbium oxide (Tb4O7) by ICP-AES after HPLC separation using P507 resin

This article describes a new method for the simultaneous determination of trace rare earth elements (REEs) and non rare earth elements (NREEs) in high purity terbium oxide by ICP-AES after HPLC separation using P507 resin. The chromatographic separation of the analytes from the matrix using dilute nitric acid as mobile phase was studied. The experimental results showed that a favorable separation of trace metals (Cu and Gd) from the matrix (Tb) can easily be achieved by elution with dilute nitric acid within 25 min. The proposed method was applied to the determination of trace metals (Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Si, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd) in high purity terbium oxide. The detection limits (DLs) for the analytes ranged from 0.4–4.0 μg· g⁻¹, and the recoveries are from 78%–105%. Foundation item: Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 20007010108) and Wuhan Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No. 995004080) Biography, Wanjau Ruth (1961-), female, Ph. D. candidate, Kenyatta University, Kenya, research direction: determination of trace elements.     

稀土元素物质流分析研究进展

 通过文献计量分析,梳理了全球、国家和地区尺度的150余个稀土元素物质流研究案例,发现已有研究涉及物质流分析的多个侧面,但存在基础数据不完备、量化模型不完善、与行业发展需求尚不适应等问题。因此建议：（1）夯实稀土物质流分析研究数据基础,整合稀土不同元素的资源与环境数据,建设稀土行业的大数据平台;（2）延伸稀土物质流分析的研究边界,将原生与再生两种资源、国内与国外2个市场纳入稀土物质流分析体系,模拟稀土全元素、分部门的中长期发展需求;（3）拓展物质流分析方法在稀土产业可持续发展研究中的应用,开展稀土分元素的环境流、贸易流、价值流及供应链风险研究,为稀土产业安全高质量发展提供研究支撑。     

稀土元素对耐候钢元素偏析的影响

应用金属原位统计分布分析技术(OPA)研究了耐候钢铸锭中C、P、S、Cu、Si和Mn的宏观偏析规律,并分析了稀土元素对耐候钢中元素偏析的影响.结果表明,在30%～40%等轴晶率,20℃过热度下,元素C、S、P和Cu能产生严重的宏观偏析,C、S呈中心正偏析,P、Cu呈中心负偏析并伴随有反偏析,而Si和Mn的分布较为均匀.各个元素中心偏析位置完全相同.稀土元素在钢中的固溶度为10-5～10-4,固溶稀土元素可以细化枝晶,提高等轴晶率.钢中加入质量分数0.38%～0.55%的稀土元素可以有效改善C、S、P和Cu的宏观偏析.     

稀土产业链关键产品贸易网络演变及启示

 通过构建2000、2010、2017年稀土资源型产品、功能材料和最终产品的国际贸易网络,解析了稀土产业链关键产品的全球贸易流动特征和主要国家/地区之间的贸易关系,发现稀土关键产品的贸易网络结构趋向复杂化,而各国的贸易关系、地位及其分工呈现异质性,体现在：（1）网络中存在少数关键国家掌握了绝大多数的贸易关系和贸易量,关键国家的贸易变动可能导致全球性的稀土供应中断;（2）中国、美国和日本等太平洋沿岸国家在稀土资源型产品和功能材料贸易网络中占据主导地位,而丹麦和德国等欧洲国家则始终是最终产品贸易网络的核心国家;（3）以中国为代表的发展中国家仍处于全球稀土产业链的中低端,扮演着资源提供者和中间产品生产基地的角色。因此,建议采取如下措施提升中国在全球稀土产业链中的地位：（1）放宽稀土原材料的进口政策,充分利用国际国内多种来源的稀土矿产资源;（2）提高稀土低端功能材料的出口关税及企业出口资质门槛,引导企业开发和生产中高端功能材料;（3）通过财政补贴和出口退税等方式鼓励制造企业研发高技术产品,提高出口产品的附加值和高技术含量。     

稀土产业的供给侧结构性改革形势

从中国稀土资源的储量、产量和用量等方面分析了稀土总体规模情况,梳理了目前中国稀土开发的优势,并列举了国际稀土资源的开发情况,为中国稀土产业如何进行供给侧改革提供了数据参考.上到国家政策层面,下至企业操作层面,中国稀土产业都应将制造精细化、集约化、管理现代化、销售市场化、科研创新化、稀土人才培养长期化作为重点来抓.