酶电极法测定药用乳酸中L-乳酸含量研究

以固定化L-乳酸氧化酶（1．1．1．27）与H2O2电极构成乳酸酶电极生物传感器,研究了乳酸酶电极分析法的各种分析条件及参数,并与药典标准酸碱滴定法对比测定了药用乳酸样品中L-左旋乳酸及D．L-外消旋乳酸的含量。结果供试药用乳酸样品中L-乳酸含量约占乳酸总量的10％,因此药用乳酸属于不等量立体异构体药物。采用酶电极法测定药用乳酸中的L-乳酸含量具有专一性高、成本低、分析速度快等优点。     

酶电极法检测苹果酸-乳酸发酵过程中乳酸变化

以固定化L-乳酸氧化酶（1．1．1．27）与H2O2电极构成乳酸酶电极生物传感器,研究了乳酸酶电极分析法的各种分析条件及参数,并与药典标准总酸测定法对比测定了葡萄酒苹果酸-乳酸发酵溶液中L-乳酸的含量。结果表明供试溶液中L-乳酸含量约占总酸量的10％～20％。采用酶电极法测定葡萄酒苹果酸-乳酸发酵溶液中的L-乳酸含量具有专一性高、成本低、分析速度快等优点。     

星形聚L-乳酸-甲基丙烯酸酐接枝聚合物的合成与表征

目的由于PLLA合成分子量低、疏水性强、韧性差、细胞相容性不佳,通过对PLLA改性,进一步改善其亲水性、血液相容性。方法以L-乳酸(L-LA)为单体,季戊四醇为扩链剂,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,在微波辐射作用下通过熔融缩聚开环聚合的方法合成了具有星形结构的聚L-乳酸(s-PL-LA);通过合成的s-PLLA与甲基丙烯酸酐(MAAH)的接枝反应,制备了具有甲基丙烯酸酯基的PLLA聚合物(PLLA-MAAH)。通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、核磁共振(NMR)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、粉末法动态接触角(DCAT)测试等手段对合成的s-PLLA和PLLA-MAAH的相对分子质量、结构与性能等进行了表征。结果由L-乳酸单体合成的聚合物为星形结构s-PLLA,s-PLLA与MAAH接枝反应后形成一个末端多官能团的聚合物PL-LA-MAAH。结论相比于s-PLLA,PLLA-MAAH相对分子质量增加,亲水性增强。     

聚乳酸的热降解模型研究

在分析聚乳酸热降解链随机断裂机理基础上建立了聚乳酸热降解模型，运用Z变换方法对模型进行了求解，并对聚乳酸的相对分子质量、相对分子质量分布随时间、温度的变化进行了模拟。模拟结果表明，经过1.5h（200℃），聚乳酸的降解已经基本达到平衡，与文献实验结果吻合。     

聚乳酸的固相聚合研究

对聚乳酸的新聚合方法-固相聚合进行了研究,探讨了聚合温度、聚合时间、氦气流量、催化剂等对聚乳酸粘均相对分子质量的影响;验证了固相聚合方法的有效性。     

固定化乳酸菌发酵制备L-乳酸的初步研究

对影响固定化乳酸菌发酵玉米淀粉糖化液的主要因素进行了研究,并用响应面分析法优化了固定化发酵的培养基成分.结果表明,海藻酸钠质量分数为2%,凝胶颗粒直径在1.3～1.7 mm为固定化乳酸菌的最优条件;糖化液140 g/L,玉米浆76.3 g/L,CaCO3 70 g/L为固定化发酵的最佳培养基组成,在此条件下乳酸产量可达132.4 g/L.     

米根霉发酵产L-乳酸体系中淀粉酶的研究

米根霉As3.819是一株L-乳酸的高产菌株,且能够分泌淀粉酶直接利用淀粉发酵生产乳酸。文章研究了不同培养基主要成分下米根霉菌株As3.819生产L-乳酸和淀粉酶情况,并对发酵液中淀粉酶水解产物进行分析。研究结果表明,在甘薯淀粉8%、硫酸铵为0.4%时L-乳酸和淀粉酶的产量相对较高,且在培养基中加入麸皮后能增加淀粉酶的分泌,种子培养基中碳源为麦芽糖时也能起到很好的效果。     

亚胺基二乙酸树脂对Ag(Ⅰ)的吸附性能及其原理

研究了亚胺基二乙酸树脂（D401）对银(Ⅰ)的吸附行为，考察了介质pH、温度和吸附时间等因素对吸附过程的影响。测得在HAc—NaAc 体系中pH为5.6是最佳的吸附条件之一；在温度为298K时，静态饱和吸附容量为296 mg/g树脂，表观吸附速率常数（k₂₉₈ ）为1.046×10^-5 S^-1 ；表观吸附活化能（E）为27.87 kJ·mol^-1。等温吸附服从Freundlich经验式，树脂功能基与银(Ⅰ)的配位摩尔比约为1：1。用红外光谱等表征方法探讨了吸附的作用原理并，对负载树脂解吸进行了研究。     

组织工程用聚乳酸梯度支架的制备及分形研究

采用改进的溶液浇铸/粒子沥滤工艺,将聚乳酸（PLLA）与致孔剂粒子粉碎后,制备了双层和多层孔径梯度变化的PLLA泡沫支架。扫描电镜观察表明,材料内部界面处存在一定的扩散现象,且界面处孔的连通性好,通过调整致孔剂粒子的粒径以及PLLA与致孔剂粒子的比例,可有效地调控支架的各项参数（材料大小、孔径、孔隙率）。对材料进行分形研究,表明梯度多孔支架内部无明显界面,孔径过渡平缓。     

Protein adsorption on the poly（L-lactic acid） surface modified by chitosan and its derivatives

Surface modification of biomaterials has been adopted over the years to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, aiming to promote hydrophilicity and to introduce natural recognition sites onto poly（L-lactic acid） （PLLA） films, chitosan and its derivatives, carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） and N-methylene phosphonic chitosan （NPC）, were used to modify the surface of PLLA films by an entrapment method. Radiolabeled （^125I） proteins were used to measure the amount of protein adsorbed to PLLA surfaces. Fibronectin （Fn） was used to study the protein adsorption on the modified PLLA surfaces, including isotherm adsorption and adsorption kinetics of single protein, competitive adsorption of binary proteins system and serum multi-proteins and the desorption behavior in serum solution. The results showed that in the isotherm adsorption, Fn had a larger adsorption capacity on the CS-modified surface at lower concentrations, but had a high adsorption capacity at CMC-modified surface at higher concentrations. In the study of absorption kinetics, Fn had a fastest adsorption equilibrium and a highest equilibrium adsorption capacity at the CS-modified surface, while it was opposite at the PCS-modified surface. When BSA and serum were added, it had the greatest effect on the adsorption of Fn on the PCS-modified surface. After 6 hours soaking in the desorpUon study, Fn had reached desorption equilibrium on all the modified surfaces, which had different effects on the desorption rate and the remaining percentage of Fn.     

乳酸菌USTB--08的高效培养和生产乳酸

在成功筛选出一株高产乳酸的乳酸菌USTB--08基础上,分别采用批量和补料发酵培养,通过改变碳源、氮源、碳氮比、温度和pH值等研究了乳酸菌USTB--08生长和产乳酸的优化控制条件.采用蔗糖和酵母膏作为唯一碳源和氮源（碳氮质量比为5∶1）、温度35℃、接种量1.0%及初始pH 6.50是提高乳酸菌生长的优化参数.进一步在50L全自控发酵罐中,采用质量分数为10%氢氧化钠和25%蔗糖混合溶液作为控制pH值和碳源补料的流加液,在pH 6.00～7.00范围内,恒定控制pH 6.50获得了最大的乳酸菌生物量（OD680nm 13.2）,而恒定控制pH 7.00则获得了最高的乳酸含量（28.0 g.L-1）.本研究首次采用控制pH值与流加蔗糖同步进行的培养方式,获得了高细胞浓度的乳酸菌和高质量浓度的乳酸.     

甘蔗糖蜜发酵生产L-乳酸工艺条件研究

以甘蔗糖蜜作为原料,利用经诱变筛选得到的鼠李糖乳杆菌SCT-10-10-60发酵生产L-乳酸.通过设置单因素实验,研究不同初始糖蜜浓度(50％、40％、30％、20％)、不同发酵温度(30℃、37℃、42℃、47℃)、不同pH调节剂碳酸钙加入量(4％、6％、8％、10％)和氮源替代(尿素替代酵母粉)对L-乳酸产量的影响...     

丙酮酸、乳酸对体外肌酸激酶活性的抑制作用

 应用酶活测定的方法分析了肌酸激酶在不同浓度的乳酸、丙酮酸中的活性变化.实验结果说明在失活过程中没有蛋白质的聚沉,失活与乳酸浓度、丙酮酸的浓度呈正相关.通过对比实验结果提示,丙酮酸离子、乳酸离子对肌酸激酶没有明显影响,丙酮酸、乳酸是通过其解离状态的H⁺改变了机体pH值而影响肌酸激酶活性的,作者就丙酮酸、乳酸对肌酸激酶影响及其意义进行探讨.     

维药异常黑胆质成熟剂对异常黑胆质型肝癌模型作用机制的血清代谢组学研究

 依托核磁共振氢谱(¹H-NMR)技术,探讨异常黑胆质成熟剂(ASM)对异常黑胆质型肝癌模型代谢谱的变化及其作用机制。根据维吾尔医学理论,建立维吾尔医异常黑胆质型肝癌病证大鼠模型,运用核磁共振氢谱技术检测以不同剂量ASM 灌胃大鼠的血清代谢物含量变化,分段积分后采用正交偏最小二乘判别(OPLS-DA)对¹H-NMR 谱数据进行模式识别分析。将1HNMR谱信息用PLS-DA 分析可以把异常黑胆质型肝癌组和ASM 低、中、高剂量组之间大鼠血清代谢谱变化区分开,发现与异常黑胆质肝癌组相比,在ASM 低剂量组大鼠的血清中α-葡萄糖,β-葡萄糖和牛磺酸的含量上升,而在ASM 中剂量组大鼠的血清中同样这三者也有升高,并且一些必需氨基酸,如亮氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、组氨酸含量升高,乳酸降低,并且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在ASM 高剂量组大鼠的血清中变化无此趋势。异常黑胆质成熟剂通过提高支链氨基酸的含量,加速糖异生提高能量供应,降低乳酸堆积来调节异常黑胆质型肝癌模型的氨基酸代谢,糖代谢等能量代谢紊乱。     

利用玉米芯发酵生产L-乳酸的研究

研究了用硫酸、纤维素酶水解玉米芯．实验表明，纤维素酶水解产物葡萄糖含量高于硫酸水解的葡萄糖含量；还研究了以纯葡萄糖、含盐葡萄糖、玉米芯分别为底物发酵生产L-乳酸的过程，得到了以玉米芯为原料发酵生产L-乳酸产量相对较高的实验结果．     

Incorporation of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles into Poly( L-lactic acid ) Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Controlled release of the functional factors is the key to improve clinical therapeutic efficacy during the tissue repair and regeneration.The three-dimensional(3D)scaffold can provide not only physical properties such as high strength and porosity but also an optimal environment to enhance tissue regeneration.Sphingosine1-phosphate(S1P),an angiogenic factor,was loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)and then incorporated into poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)nanofibrous scaffold,which was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS)method.The prepared scaffolds were examined by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and compressive mechanical test.The ATR-FTIR result demonstrated the existence of MSNs in the PLLA nanofibrous scaffold.The SEM images showed that PLLA scaffold had regular pore channel,interconnected pores and nanofibrous structure.The addition of MSNs at appropriate content had no visible effect on the structure of scaffold.The compressive modulus of scaffold containing MSNs was higher than that of the scaffold without MSNs.Furthermore,fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)was used as model molecule to investigate the release behavior of S1P from MSNsincorporated PLLA(MSNs/PLLA)nanofibrous scaffold.The result showed that the composite scaffold largely reduced the initial burst release and exhibited prolonged release of FITC than MSNs.Thus,these results indicated that S1P-loaded composite nanofibrous scaffold has potential applications for bone tissue engineering.     

超滤去除L-乳酸发酵液中蛋白的工艺研究

采用超滤技术从L-乳酸发酵液中分离去除蛋白,研究了超滤过程中的操作压力、操作温度、超滤液的体积和料液初始浓度等主要因素,对膜通量和发酵液中蛋白质及乳酸钙2种主要组分截留率的影响;并确立了采用聚砜膜去除乳酸中蛋白工艺的最佳参数,在此条件下,蛋白质去除率达到91.5%,乳酸钙损失为2%。     

生产废水清液和二次凝水回用对燃料乙醇发酵的影响

为研究燃料乙醇生产废水回用的可行性,以燃料乙醇生产发酵过程中产生的清液和二次凝水为研究对象,分析其有机酸组成,并研究单一有机酸和经D318离子交换树脂处理前后的清液和二次凝水对酿酒酵母Saccharomyce cerevisiae NJ-2019生长和发酵生产乙醇的影响。结果显示,乙酸、乳酸、丙酸和柠檬酸是清液中的主要有机酸,乙酸和乳酸是二次凝水中的主要有机酸;乳酸和丙酸对酿酒酵母Sc.erevisiae NJ-2019的生长和发酵过程表现出显著抑制作用,其最低抑制浓度分别为7.0g/L和1.0g/L;清液和二次凝水分别直接回用时,清液对乙醇发酵过程的抑制作用更强;去除或者部分去除有机酸能使清液和二次凝水回用时的乙醇产量分别提高10.11%和9.85%。燃料乙醇发酵过程产生的清液和二次凝水具有回用的潜力,有利于实现乙醇生产过程节能减排。     

Influence of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on growth, fatty acid composition and hepatic lipogenesis in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.)

We examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, fatty acid composition and enzyme activity of fatty acid oxidation in the liver of large yellow croaker. We divided 1600 fish (average initial weight 150 g) into 4 groups and reared them in 8 cages. Four dietary treatments were formulated to contain 0%, 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) CLA, respectively. The fish were fed for 10 weeks ad libitum twice daily. We found that the dietary CLA had no effect on growth, biometric parameters and whole body proximate (P>0.05), but showed some significant effects on the fatty acid composition in both muscle and the liver. The activities of lipogenic enzymes were slightly depressed in fish fed with increasing levels of CLA when compared with control (P>0.05). Dietary CLA supplementation had no effects on liver lipid content, but significantly increased the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (P<0.05) and decreased monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in both muscle and the liver. Dietary CLA inclusion resulted in significant increases of the biologically active cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers in both tissues (P<0.05). The total accumulation of CLA was higher in the liver (3.83%, w/w) than in muscle (3.77%, w/w) when fed with 4% (w/w) CLA. This study demonstrates that large yellow croakers are capable of absorbing and depositing CLA and long-chain n-3 PUFA in the liver and muscle, showing that this species fed with CLA could be an important human food source for these healthful fatty acids.     

一株耐高温L-乳酸高产菌的选育及其发酵特征

对鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株Lactobacillus rhamnosus JCM1553进行紫外诱变,选育得到一株耐高温L-乳酸高产突变菌GX-6.在47℃,分别以葡萄糖和木薯淀粉为底物,研究GX-6菌株发酵生产L-乳酸的情况并考察GX-6菌株的遗传稳定性.结果表明,以葡萄糖为底物时,发酵56h的L-乳酸产量达到117g/L,...