磁铁矿球团干燥过程动力学

采用热重分析实验技术,在氮气流下,100—300℃温度区间,不同的气流速度范围研究了磁铁矿生球团干燥过程动力学。实验表明,干燥过程可分为增速、恒速、减速(一)和减速(二)4个阶段。生球中绝大部分水分是在前3个阶段中脱除的,在热量和质量传递过程同时进行的理论分析基础上,对前3个阶段建立了统一的干燥过程动力学模型。由实验数据求得了模型中参数或表达式。应用此模型对球团干燥过程进行模拟计算的结果与实验测定结果相当符合,证明了本动力学模型的适用性。     

氩气氛铬铁矿含碳球团还原动力学

用热重法研究了铬铁矿含碳球团在氩气流中还原过程动力学,考察了还原温度、球团中配碳量和铬铁矿粉粒度等对还原过程的影响。应用颗粒模型对还原过程的实验数据进行了动力学解析,发现在本实验条件下,球团还原中对速度的限制步骤是铬铁矿颗粒还原产物层中的内扩散过程。进一步的分析步明,在 1 200℃ 以下和以上两个温度区间,该内扩散过程的活化能不同。分别求出了这两个区间的有效内扩散系数的阿仑尼乌斯表达式,得到了铬铁矿含碳球团还原过程的综合速度式。应用所获得的动力学方程对不同加热条件下的还原过程进行模拟计算,与实验结果相当符合。     

硫铁矿烧渣水热法合成纳米球形α-Fe2O3

运用XRD、TEM等测试手段,对硫铁矿烧渣水热法合成a-Fe2Os的工艺进行了研究.结果表明硫铁矿渣的最佳酸浸工艺为加入理论量1.3倍的75%硫酸,在300℃下反应2 h后用热水搅拌浸出,铁的浸出率高达93.94%.20℃时加入计量的沉矾剂,并用NH3@H2O调整浸出液pH值至2.50后加热至65℃反应2 h,95.1%铁以铁矾形式析出.将析出的铁矾制成0.3mol/LFe(OH)3悬浊液,用5%NaOH调整pH值至11.30后,在搅拌速率600～700 r/min、升温速率为2.5℃/min的条件下加热至(172士2)℃水热反应2 h,得到粒度约为55 nm的均匀球形a-Fe2Os.     

氧化球团在熔渣中熔化过程的数值模拟

基于一维非稳态导热原理建立了球团在熔渣中熔化的数学模型，并采用有限差分方法对模型进行求解.通过编程计算，分析了不同条件对球团渣壳熔化时间的影响.计算结果与球团在熔渣中的熔融实验结果相近.球团渣壳在1450，1500，1550℃渣浴中渣壳熔化时间为56，36，25s，渣壳最大厚度分别为0211，0149和0109cm；随着渣浴温度升高、球团初始温度升高，球团熔化速度变快；熔渣碱度在08~12之间时，球团熔化时间基本无变化，但当碱度继续降低，熔化时间将大幅增长；随着球团金属化率的升高、球团直径的增大，渣壳最大厚度变大，但前者对渣壳熔化时间影响不大，后者使得渣壳熔化时间增长.     

红土镍矿选择性还原-熔分制备镍铁合金

以硅镁型红土镍矿为原料,采用金属化焙烧-熔分工艺,通过正交试验制备金属化球团,将所得金属化球团在1500℃条件下熔融分离30min提取镍铁合金,考察影响因素对实验结果的影响.结果表明:在选择性还原制备金属化球团过程中,对金属化率的影响程度从大到小的因素依次是C/O摩尔比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和碱度;实验可获得镍品位19%的镍铁合金;在碱度为0.8~1.2范围内,S和P分配比随着碱度的升高而增大.利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对金属化球团及熔融分离出的渣进行微观分析,发现加入的石灰石与复杂矿相反应可释放出简单镍氧化物和铁氧化物,促进还原反应的进行,当石灰石不足时,少量铁以Fe3+的形式存在于铁金属化率70%的金属化球团中.     

分光光度法研究硫酸溶液中TX-100对低碳钢的缓蚀作用

本文采用分光光度法研究低碳钢在硫酸溶液中的腐蚀及TX—100对其腐蚀的影响。在30℃至45℃范围内,TX—100随浓度的增加表现出明显的缓蚀作用,且温度升高缓蚀作用增强。根据实验结果,对缓蚀机理和腐蚀动力学进行了研究。结果表明,TX—100的加入并不改变腐蚀反应的机理,缓蚀作用的重要原因是TX—100在低碳钢表面上发生了吸附,这种吸附符合Langmuir吸附方程式。     

微波加热提高有机粘结剂铁矿球团的强度

对微波功率、加热时间、反应温度对预热球团强度的影响进行研究,并将微波加热与传统管炉加热进行对比.研究结果表明:有机粘结剂铁矿球团对微波具有良好的吸收性能,当微波功率为2.5kW,球团质量为0.4kg时,球团平均升温速率为76.1℃/min:微波加热能明显提高预热球团抗压强度;在微波功率为2.5 kW,加热时间为8 min,球团终点温度为830℃时,预热球团抗压强度为454 N/个;当加热时间为11 min,球团终点温度上升至1 000℃时,预热球团抗压强度为1 038 N/个;采用微波加热,预热球团内部矿物结构较均匀、紧密,细粒磁铁矿氧化成赤铁矿,并在大颗粒之间连接成片,球团强度明显提高.     

磁铁精矿冷固球团弱还原气氛下的低温还原

在慢速升温和快速升温下，采用热重法及间隙法取样检测研究了磁铁精矿冷固球团在还原前期升温过程中的还原，对弱还原气氛下球团内部结构变化规律进行了探索性研究．结果表明：在升温过程中，当温度小于９００℃时，煤与球团的还原只在球团外层进行，而采用快速升温可以缩短跨越ＦｅＯ阶段的时间且能使铁尽快产生，有利于球团形成较大的强度．这说明了快速升温以及还原应尽量在较高温度下开始进行的必要性．     

压裂混砂搅拌装置搅拌叶轮结构优化设计研究

为了提高压裂混砂搅拌装置的搅拌效果,以混砂搅拌装置混合时间为实验指标,针对搅拌叶轮的结构特点,采用正交实验及CFD数值模拟相结合的方法研究了搅拌叶轮的主要几何尺寸对混合时间的影响规律,得到了搅拌装置叶轮最佳结构参数,为搅拌叶轮结构优化设计提供了理论支撑。结果表明,搅拌叶轮的几何尺寸变化对混合时间具有一定的影响,其中,上叶轮直径影响最大,下叶轮直径和下叶轮导流筒与叶轮直径比值次之,上叶轮导流筒与叶轮直径比值影响相对较小;搅拌叶轮几何尺寸最优方案对应的混合时间最短,值为11.0 s。     

氧化剂对低浓度硫酸溶解钛铁矿的影响

采用加入氧化剂和降低硫酸浓度等方法对传统的钛白粉生产工艺进行改进,探讨了氧化剂加入量、硫酸浓度、搅拌速度、反应时间等条件对钛铁矿酸解率的影响.通过正交实验获得了氧化剂对低浓度硫酸溶解钛铁矿的最佳工艺条件:KMnO4的加入量为钛铁矿质量的0.5％,硫酸浓度为60％,在600 r/min的搅拌速度下,控制温度为150℃后连续反应60 min.按这些工艺条件,钛铁矿酸解率可达到96％.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with