南京羊山地区断裂构造解析与地热资源研究

文章研究了南京仙林大学城地区羊山公园地热地质条件,在了解该区地层岩性结构构造、热储埋深等地热地质和水文地质条件的基础上,采用可控源音频大地电磁法(controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics, CSAMT)对断裂构造进行地质物探综合解译,并结合地质资料综合研究调查区2 500 m左右深度内断裂位置和展布特征,对该区断裂构造进行深入解析。研究结果表明,调查区地热资源的分布与断裂构造关系密切,并具备地热储积的"热源、通道、热储、盖层"等基本热储水文地质条件,具有良好的地热资源勘查前景,断裂交汇处为地热资源勘查有利部位。研究结果对掌握南京市地热资源总体特征、了解地热流体补给来源、制定地热资源保护区划、合理开发利用地热资源具有一定指导意义。     

南海盆地地热地质条件和资源形成因素

南海是世界上第三大边缘海,也是中国最大的边缘海。复杂的构造应力和演化过程成就了该区域优质的地热背景条件。本文以南海海域大地热流、热储、流体地热数据为依据,基于南中国海的热历史、热状态以及流体地热特征认识基础上,分析研究莺-琼盆地11个地层水样和13件样品岩石热物性参数,从盆地热演化、岩石圈热结构、构造背景、热源、热储、盖层条件等方面探讨了南海盆地地热地质条件,对地热资源形成进行了分析。认为其是5 Ma以来活动构造最为活跃的地带,发育海山、高压流体底辟、气烟囱等,是热事件最活跃区;地幔热流与地表热流之比为0.59,具有“冷壳热幔”的岩石圈热结构特征;洋中脊、红河断裂等深大断裂带、以伸展构造为主的断块、底辟核心影响区等,提供了深部热物质上涌“热通道”,造成现今地温异常;以莺-琼盆地为例,按热储区域封盖组合特点,由浅层乐东组到深层崖城组,划分了浅层中-低温地热系统,中深层高温地热系统、深层超温地热系统。南中国海地热资源的勘探和利用研究尚处于起步阶段,结合海洋地热开发利用现状以及对比南海地热资源优势,从技术、经济角度探讨海洋地热资源开发利用发展方向。     

冀中坳陷雄县地热开采区地热资源的成因机制

雄县地热开采区是雄安新区地热资源赋存条件最好的地区之一,蕴藏着丰富的中低温地热资源。但是随着开采强度的增加,研究地热田的成因机制显得日益重要,是后期地热田资源评价工作和布置地热开采方案的重要依据。在结合前人研究成果的基础上,应用环境同位素研究地热储层流体的补给来源和热水年龄,并结合地热流体的水化学特征,初步分析了各热储层之间的联系程度和径流关系。研究表明,雄县的地热流体主要来自古大气降水,大部分是在长期的径流过程中由地热升温形成。雄县地热流体的年龄为31～36 ka。在自然条件下,新近纪地热流体与上层含水层之间的水力联系较弱,不同时期热储的地热流体之间的水力联系也较弱。通过分析雄县地热开采区地热地质构造背景、热储特征及地热形成机理,建立了热储的三维地质模型和数学数值模型,对区域内地热资源的开采和回灌进行了水热耦合模拟,计算结果与热储温度测量数据和抽水试验数据拟合较好,在得到验证模型的基础上,通过在研究区内合理井距和采灌量的最优设计,评价了研究区的地热资源储量。当开采量为120 m³/h、井距为450 m时,满足100 a内开采井水温下降小于2℃的评价标准下,年可开...     

滇东南薄竹山地区温泉地质特征及成因分析

滇东南薄竹山地区温泉出露5处,分别分布于薄竹山花岗岩体的南西、北东两侧,均为上升泉,其热水化学类型均为HCO_3-Na~+型;温泉补给来源主要为大气降水,补给高度在海拔2 000m以上;呈带状热储结构,热储温度以邻区类比为70~110℃;估算热水循环深度2 580~2 977m.区域内北西向张性断裂及发育的岩溶通道起主要导水作用,区内发育的构造裂隙网起导热作用.该区温泉成因模式为大气降水补给的断裂深循环型地热系统.     

南阳盆地地热特征与开发利用前景

南阳市地热资源丰富,目前正处于积极开发阶段,受多种因素制约,近年来陆续实施的地热资源勘查效果都不理想.在汇总整理本地有关地热资料的基础上,通过对区内热源、热储等条件以及水文地质条件进行分析,指出地热开发利用现状及存在的主要问题.根据利用现状及地热地质条件,提出了开发利用前景.     

新疆阿拉山地热区地热资源赋存状况分析

随着社会和经济的发展,人类赖以生存和发展的资源环境问题日益突出,如何合理开发利用地热资源,加强生态环境保护,成为经济可持续发展和社会全面进步所面临的重要课题。本文以阿拉山地热区温泉地热田及其外围的地层、构造、岩浆活动情况,研究它们与地热显示、地热异常的关系,推断地热田的热储、盖层、导水和控热构造,地热田的地表热显示特征,测定地热流体的天然排放量及其化学成分,估算地热田的天然热流量,初步圈定地热异常范围,提出热储概念模型,评价阿拉山地热区温泉地热资源量,论证其地热资源开采技术条件,为阿拉山地热区温泉地热资源开发利用提供科学依据。     

汝城干热岩地热资源研究

 汝城热水镇出露98℃天然热泉,该地区深部干热岩地热资源相当可观。通过大量钻孔地温测量和大地热流测试等勘探工作,评估了该地区干热岩地热资源的基本情况。勘探结果表明,研究区内平均地温增温梯度为18.7℃/100 m,最高值达35.2℃/100 m,主要高温钻孔的大地热流量介于60~170 MW/m²,地热资源较为可观。该地热田的热源来自深部岩浆余热,热储主要是F₁、F₃断裂带上盘及其他次级断层派生的密集裂隙系统。区内热水河以东花岗岩体为浅部水热热储盖层;热水河以西震旦系的板岩为深部热源盖层。模拟结果表明,研究区地热田热储层下底面温度为260℃,热储层上顶面温度为255℃,热储层以上厚度为3500~4000 m。汝城地区热储埋藏深度较浅,热储温度较高,是较好的干热岩开发靶区。     

天津市深部地热资源开发利用前景广阔

地热指地球内部所含有的热量.地热资源是指能经济地为人类所利用的地球内部的热资源,它属于一种环保型的资源.地热资源可分五类:①以蒸气为主的地热资源;②以液态水为主的地热资源;③地压型地热资源;④干热岩体型地热资源;⑤岩浆型地热资源.     

郑州西南郊埋藏型岩溶热储水化学特征

针对郑州市西南郊埋藏型下古生界碳酸盐岩中储存丰富的地热资源,开展了该区域主要热储层水化学剖面研究,分析了水化学及同位素特征。结果表明：地热流体水化学类型以SO₄-Ca、SO₄·HCO₃-Ca型为主,为弱碱性水、淡水-微咸水;通过热平衡分析结合离子分析综合判断,地热流体处于水岩作用初级阶段,采用石英温标估算热储温度为52.9～92.4℃,热储循环深度1 388～3 069 m;西部、西南部海拔606～920 m低山区的大气降水是主要补给源,在向东部平原漫长的迁移过程(运移速率1.571～0.129 m/a)中与碳酸盐岩矿物和石膏产生强烈的水-岩作用,并在深部的溶洞、溶隙及基岩裂隙中积蓄了大量的水热能,构造适宜地段,3 000 m深度有望获得70℃以上的地热流体。研究成果不仅深化了该地区下古生界碳酸盐岩热储层的水化学特征认识,还可进一步有效指导该地区水热型地热资源的勘探开发。     

五大连池地热研究

为合理利用地热资源,通过对五大连池的各种地热显示和地热要素的对比、分析,得到五大连池地壳中存在浅部地热源的结论。根据地热要素分析地壳中存在岩浆房,确定了地热储热层、盖层和导热通道,分析了该区冷泉和局部地热异常的成因。结果表明：研究区表观为冷泉,从沉积特征看,第四系玄武岩沉积是重要的隔热因素。地热异常仅在NW向张性断裂局部地段出露。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that