交叉脱氢偶联反应研究进展

交叉脱氢偶联(CDC反应)是在氧化条件下直接通过两分子反应底物C—H键的断裂而形成C—C键的一种高效率、高原子经济性的直线合成方法.本文按照以下分类,含有胺N原子α-C—H键底物的CDC反应;含有醚O原子α-C—H键底物的CDC反应;烯丙基和苄基底物进行的CDC反应;烷烃的CDC反应,详细综述了近年来该领域的一些研究进展.     

利用硅烷基化反应合成脱氢氨基酸

N-三氟乙酰甘氨酸在三乙胺存在下与三氟甲磺酸三甲基硅烷酯发生甲基硅烷基化反应生成2-(N-三氟乙酰-N-三甲基硅烷基)氨基-1，1-二(三甲基硅烷氧基)乙烯．醛与所生成的取代乙烯发生加成反应生成2-(N-三氟乙酰-N-三甲基硅烷基)氨基-3-三甲基硅烷氧基-羧酸三甲基硅烷酯，再经α、β消除反应就得到脱氢氨基酸．用这一新方法合成的a、8-脱氢氨基酸可用于合成新型的多肽和肽生物碱．     

N,N-1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲对醇及α-羟基酯的氧化作用

报道了N,N-1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲对羟基的氧化作用.结果表明N,N-1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲氧化伯醇及仲醇生成相应的醛或酮;氧化α-羟基酸生成少一个碳的醛或酮;而氧化α-羟基酯则生成相应的酮酯,当含有β-H时,氧化的同时发生溴代,一步生成溴代酮酯.该氧化剂性能优良,反应温和,产率明显高于NBS,如氧化溴化乳酸酯生成重要的医药、农药中间体α-溴代的丙酮酸酯,产率高达83%.     

生物柴油多组分替代混合物化学反应路径分析

采用MD、MD9D和正庚烷三组分作为生物柴油混合替代物,替代物机理包含3 299种组分、10 806个基元反应。应用CHEMKIN-PRO反应速率分析法对燃烧氧化过程中燃料分子高低温主要反应路径和重要中间组分衍化过程进行了详细探究。结果表明:MD和MD9D在低温阶段主要通过脱氢加氧、异构化反应以及酮类物质的分解反应进行消耗,高温阶段主要是低温反应中间产物C—O、C—C键β分解反应、部分高温脱氢以及异构化反应最终生成C_2H_4等小分子产物。另外,MD和MD9D中不同碳原子位置C—H键能不同,邻近羧基以及C≡C双键碳原子处C—H键较弱,易发生脱氢反应生成烷酯基。在过氧酯基异构化生成过氧羧酯基过程中,不同环数过渡环张力大小以及反应势垒不同,异构化难易程度不同,而六元过渡环的张力较小,反应势垒较低,最易发生异构化反应,异构化反应产物更多。     

Al2O3催化下的取代β-羟基胺Schiff碱衍生物的C-C键裂解反应

探讨了中性Al2O3催化下的取代β-羟基胺Schiff碱衍生物的C—C键裂解反应,结果表明,在Al2O3存在下,由取代苯甲醛与1,2-二苯基-2-氨基乙醇形成的亚胺类化合物很容易通过逆ene反应过程发生α,β-C—C键断裂,且反应不受芳醛分子中邻位基团的影响.通过跟踪反应进程,提出了可能的反应机理.     

N，N—1，3—二溴—5，5—二甲基乙丙酰脲对醇及α一羟基酯的氧化作用

报道了N，N－1，3－二溴－5，5－二甲基乙丙酰脲对羟基的氧化作用，结果表明N，N－1，3－二溴－5，5－二甲基乙丙酰脲对醇及仲醇生成相应的醛或酮；氧化α一羟基酸生成少一个碳醛或酮；而氧化α－羟基酯则生成相应的酮酯，当含有β－H时，氧化的同时发生溴代，一步生成溴代酮酯，该氧化剂性能优良，反应温和，产率明显同于NBS，如氧化溴化乳酸生成重要的医药、农药中间体α－溴代的丙酮酸酯，产率高达83％。     

黄酮—4’—O—糖苷的合成

应用一条新的合成路线合成了尚未见文献报导的黄酮—4’O糖苷8：先由庚二酰氯l与对甲氧基苯乙酮的烯胺2反应生成4’—甲氧基四氢黄酮3，再经脱氢、脱甲基得到4’-羟基黄酮5，最后与l—溴—2，3，4，6—O四乙酰基—α-D-吡喃葡萄糖进行缩合生成了黄酮—4’—O-糖苷8．     

ACLY抑制剂脱氢弯孢霉菌素肝微粒体代谢

该文主要研究了潜在抗肿瘤候选化合物脱氢弯孢霉菌素的体外肝微粒体代谢特点.建立了脱氢弯孢霉菌素含量的HPLC测定方法,考察了脱氢弯孢霉菌素在不同种属来源的肝微粒体中的代谢速率差异.依据UPLC-MS结果推测脱氢弯孢霉菌素中α、β不饱和双键经环氧化反应,亲和反应和分子内脱水反应,生成epoxycurvularin、 10,11-邻二羟基弯孢霉菌素和curvulopyran,且脱氢弯孢霉菌素在溶液中可能发生非酶催化的化学转化.考虑到脱氢弯孢霉菌素结构中的α,β不饱和双键既是重要的活性结构又是主要的代谢位点,合理的前药设计可能是提高该化合物可药性的有效方法.     

用β-环糊精衍生物构筑乳酸脱氢酶

用β-环糊精和马来酸酐合成双（6-氧-丁烯二酸单酯）-β-环糊精（简称为化合物1），以化合物1与Fe^3 形成的配合物模拟乳酸脱氢酶催化乳酸的脱氢，用过氧化氢作为质子受体，生成的丙酮酸用2，4-二硝基苯肼检测，结果表明：化合物1与Fe^3 形成的配合物可以催化乳酸的脱氢反应。     

甲烷磺酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯的制备及其在寡肽合成中的应用

制备甲烷磺酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,并将其应用于寡肽的液相合成.以N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺与甲烷磺酰氯反应制备甲烷磺酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯,并使其与Boc保护的酪氨酸、丙氨酸或Boc保护的酪氨酰脯氨酸发生SN2取代反应,生成相应的N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活泼酯而活化羧基,并成功用于内吗啡肽-2和力肽的液相合成;N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活泼酯的制备和应用反应条件温和、副产物少、收率较高.实验结果表明,甲烷磺酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯可用于寡肽的液相合成.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that