一种优化多目标的交互式路由算法

Qos路由的基本任务是寻找一条满足多个约束条件同时优化多个网络参数的路径。研究多约束条件下的多个线性目标优化的Qos路由问题。选取带宽作为约束条件，线性函数(时延和耗费徘为优化目标，建立了Qos路由选择的多目标缉陛整数规划模型。通过将多目标优化问题转化为线性单目标优化问题，证明了新问题的最优解是原问题的有效解，给出一种求解模型的交互式算法。该算法引入目标函数参考点概念，逐步调整目标函数参考点，压缩目标函数搜索空间来满足决策者和实时网络资源要求，并最终得到满意解。仿真实例表明了算法的可行性和可操作性。     

双目标优化问题的类电磁算法

为方便决策，双目标优化问题就是要从最优解集中求出一组分布均匀且数量多的Pareto最优解。针对这一特点，定义了种群的均匀度和序值，来度量种群中解的分布和质量，将双目标优化问题转化为以均匀度为目标函数，序值为约束条件的单目标优化问题；设计了双目标优化问题粒子的电荷和受力的计算公式，提出了一种新的类电磁算法求解问题。用标准的Benchmark函数进行了仿真实验，结果表明，新算法对双目标优化问题的求解是非常有效的。     

一种混合交叉策略的多目标演化算法及其性能分析

演化算法（EA）是求解多目标优化问题（MOP）重要而有效的方法，而应用演化策略、技巧是改善解性能的重要途径。作者叙述了多目标优化问题的有关概念，结合已有算法中的方法，设计了基于两种交叉操作相互结合的多目标演化算法（MOEADC），并且分析相关性能。该算法不仅具有较高的计算效率，而且具有较好的收敛性能，并且运用了有关方法维护了解集的分布性能。算例结果表明该算法的良好性能。     

基于多指标精英个体博弈机制的多目标优化算法

为了改善多目标优化算法的收敛性与优化解集的多样性，缓解种群在目标空间中的坍缩，提出一种基于多指标精英个体博弈机制的多目标优化算法。利用Pareto支配关系与多指标综合筛选精英个体。将带有K-means聚类的精英个体博弈机制与交叉变异策略融合，有效提升了算法的收敛性与多样性。对算法进行了详细的收敛性分析，证明了算法的收敛性。将8个代表性的比较算法在标准测试函数上进行解集指标对比并解决实际水泵调度问题，本文算法在收敛性与多样性上优于或持平其他比较算法，验证了本文算法的有效性，在一定程度上减小了种群在目标空间中坍缩的概率。     

基于动态多目标粒子群优化算法的资源受限研发项目进度

资源与进度优化调度已成为企业研发项目成功的关键。引入粒子群算法来解决这一问题，将普通粒子群多目标算法进行了改进，提出动态的多目标粒子群算法，通过采用VC＋＋编程语言对模型及其求解算法进行案饲仿真，证实了模型及算法的有效性与优越性。     

多目标最短路径进化求解方法

提出一种无圈有向图条件下的多目标最短路径进化算法。使用变长染色体对路径编码。进行染色体适应值分配时同时考虑支配关系及密度信息，保持了种群的多样性。有界精英保留策略保证了算法的优化性能。对算法的收敛性进行了证明。理论分析和实验表明，该算法可以在较短时间内获得多条多目标优化路径。     

基于改进狼群算法的柔性作业车间调度研究

将一种改进的狼群算法用于解决柔性作业车间多目标调度优化的难题。以工件的最大完工时间和机器能耗为优化目标建立了多目标柔性作业车间调度模型；针对传统狼群算法容易陷入局部最优的缺点提出了一种改进的狼群算法，通过对狼群算法智能行为的改进，从工序和机器2个层面设计个体编码，引入POX (precedence operation crossover)交叉操作，保证解的合法性，提高算法的全局搜索能力；通过对2个车间实例的对比实验来验证改进狼群算法的有效性。实验结果表明，提出的改进狼群算法不仅具有良好的全局搜索能力，寻优能力较其他算法也有所提升，能够为制造业提高生产效率提供新的解决思路。     

一种针对高维决策空间的进化多目标优化方法

进化算法可并行处理多个解的特性使得它特别适合解决多目标优化问题。针对高维决策空间,将基因表达式编程引入多目标优化,设计了新的个体结构和操作,提出了一个进化多目标优化算法EMOGEP。实验结果表明,新算法在低维决策空间是可行和有效的;在高维决策空间中,表现出了比传统进化多目标优化算法更好的性能;多模态情况下,新算法能很好的逼近理论Pareto前沿。     

基于改进粒子群算法的电动汽车快慢充充电站布局优化

针对现有城市电动汽车充电站无法完全满足用户需求，探究其原因在于选址布局及站内快慢充电桩配比不合理等方面，建立了一个同时降低充电站建造成本、提升使用率与满足用户需求的多目标数学模型并提出一种多目标改进粒子群算法，对充电站的选址以及充电站内快慢充配比进行优化。针对多目标粒子群算法存在的缺点，改进惯性权重因子、缩放因子，以提升算法的搜索能力，加快收敛速度；引入变异概率、精英选择策略，使算法扩大寻优区域，避免陷入局部最优。最后，通过算例应用及对比分析表明该算法对于充电站布局优化研究的适用性。     

基于改进遗传算法的对单个目标射击弹序优化的算法

针对攻击单个目标时战术导弹射击顺序规划问题，首先给出了战术导弹射击过程的数学分析，进而通过设计自然数编码方案和基本互换的遗传算子，构造了一种用于弹序优化的改进遗传算法，实现了战术导弹作战效能的智能优化，算法的应用结果表明其收敛速度及优化效果均好于传统算法。     

多目标邮政运输分层模型

在分析影响邮政运输规划的主要因素后,针对国内干线邮政运输规划存在的主要问题提出了解决邮政运输多目标决策问题的分层模型,将整个邮政运输规划分解为路由优化、车次优化和发运计划自动生成等步骤,基于时限和成本的模糊决策保证了优化结果的合理性.该模型还具有实用性好、适应性强、易于计算机软件实现和维护等特点.     

中国航天工程可靠性理论研究成果综述

近年来,九个研究所及大学在航空航天部质量司的“基础可靠性理论研究基金”支持资助下,对若干在航天研制中需要解决的可靠性统计问题进行了研究。本文对主要成果作概括介绍,包括对正态分布的成果;对Weibull分布的成果;系统可靠性综合的成果——理化方法,近似方法、(二项分布,指数分布,Weibull分布,并联系统),一般情况;结构可靠性;零失效可靠性估计;贮存可靠性;其它成果。由“基础可靠性理论研究基金”支持资助的所有研究成果都是非密的,可以从航空航天部质量司得到。     

Progress in Theoretical Research on Reliability for China''''s Space Engineering

With the support of the Fundamental Reliability Theoretical Research (FRTR) Foundation of the Quality Control Bureau of Ministry of Astronautics (MOA), PRC, 9 Chinese institutes and universities have worked for years on reliability statistics problems pending to be solved in space research and development. This paper gives a brief review of our main research results, including (1) Results on Normal Distributions; (2) Results on Weibull Distributions; (3) Results on the Synthesisof System Reliability-Theoretical Method; (4) Results on the Synthesis of System Reliability-Approximation Method: Binomial Distribution, Exponential Distribution, Weibull Distribution, Parallel System, General Cases; (5) Structual Reliability; (6) Zero-Failure Reliability Estimation; (7) Storage Life and Others. All these results can be acquired from the Quality Control Bureau of the Ministry of Aero-Space Industry (MAS).     

Professional Development through Action Research: Case Examples in South African Higher Education

This paper identifies the quality characteristics of a professional development (PD) program on action research (AR) and presents the results of a second-order evaluation of such a program. Three case examples in South African higher education demonstrate how AR methodology has been applied to design, conduct and evaluate the PD program and to identify new ways of learning and improving professional practice in higher education. From data analysis, we distinguish six factors significant in contributing to the quality of the PD program in all three universities: facilitator expertise, adaptive planning, responsive evaluation, critical events, application, and self-efficacy. On the basis of the evaluation results, we present five models: (1) the AR workshop cycles; (2) characteristics of a quality PD program; (3) a PD program on and through AR; (4) three levels of reflection on AR; and (5) meta-action research.

基于OOA的信息化防空ATBM指挥控制仿真模型研究

在仿真逼近信息化防空ATBM（Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missile）作战指挥控制的概念模型和软件实现模型两个层面上，采用面向对象方法，探讨了信息化防空ATBM作战指挥控制对象模型和防空ATBM作战指挥控制对象类概念，提出了信息化防空ATBM指挥控制对象结构，研究了这些对象的属性、操作和交互作用关系，给出了信息化条件下防空ATBM作战指挥控制仿真的对象模型和对象分类结构。     

Proportional rate scheduling based on QoS in mobile WiMAX networks

A new scheduling scheme based on users’ quality of service (QoS) in mobile WiMAX networks is presented. The proposed scheme tracks each user’s average rate and adjusts the corresponding scheduling weight adaptively to result in: (a) each user’s average rate is proportional to the corresponding QoS level; (b) the constraints of the minimal and/or maximal rates required by QoS can be satisfied; (c) the utility function of system is maximal under the constraints (a) and (b). Theoretical analysis based on utility function and simulation results indicates the system throughput can be improved dramatically in the proposed scheme.     

Project Management Supports (Requisitely) Holistic: Socially Responsible Action in Business Systems

This article emphasizes the role of projects and project management in assuring socially responsible acting of contemporary business systems, presenting some practical applications in the field of tourism. With arising number of projects in business systems and their growing strategic importance, the role of project management has radically been changing for the last two decades. Managing organizations, as a central topic among seven crucial topics in ISO 26000 on social responsibility, is strongly associated with managing projects. Projects have important influence on the established as well as on establishing ongoing operations and are important tools in assuring business systems’ strategic development, by exposing interdependences and supporting the requisitely holistic approach. This article tries to fill the gap we detected in literature on social responsibility where projects and project management seem not to have a proper role. Four different links and interdependencies between project management and systems theory (which ISO 26000 reinforces) are exposed: (1) systemic treatment of project management, (2) systematical treatment of projects as holistic works, (3) systemic treatment of projects as parts of BSs’ strategies, (4) systemic treatment of projects throughout their entire life cycle.     

PART 2: Critical Systemic Praxis to Address Fixed and Fluid Identity and Politics<Superscript>1</Superscript> at the Local,National and International Level

This paper argues for a model of systemic governance that can take account of diverse identities and political positions (Deleuze and Guattari in Bogue, 1989). Participatory Action Research can assist in working with diverse viewpoints when managing and making policy decisions across many organizations locally, nationally and internationally. Understanding the point of view of ‘the other’ and the recursive nature of identity and politics is the first step towards sustainable governance. Enabling multiple viewpoints to be heard is both an idealistic and sustainable end and a means to manage risk. Accountability needs to ‘sweep in’ and ‘unfold’ (Churchman, 1979a,b, 1982) social, cultural, economic and environmental factors (adapting Elkington, 1997, drawing on Banathy, 1996, 2000; Laszlo, 1991; Laszlo, and Laszlo, 2004). Participatory governance needs to address questions about fixed and fluid politics and identity. These questions address cultural norms, bonds and boundaries (Elias and Lichterman, 2003) to guide reflection on cases that strive to achieve accountability. Experiential learning through participatory action research with the most marginalised in society and listening to significant others (whose systemic praxis) is the basis for the theory on systemic governance.¹Paper is drawn from forthcoming book entitled: “Systemic Governance: Working and re-working the conceptual and geographical boundaries of governance and international relations” (2005) and parts of the paper were presented at the 49th Annual Conference of the International Systems Sciences Asilomar 2004. A more detailed version of the case study on the hijab has been submitted for consideration as a publication on human rights and governance to Systems Research and Behavioural Science October 2004. References to Churchman’s work have also been made in Critical Systemic Praxis for Social and Environmental Justice (2003)Kluwer.     

基于仿真的复杂武器系统测试与评估

测试与评估是武器系统采办过程的一个重要组成部分，但由于武器系统复杂度不断提高，以及在费用、采办周期、安全等方面的限制，使得传统的方法已经不能满足新时期采办的需求。分析了现有的测试与评估方法存在的问题，将建模与仿真技术与传统测试方法相结合，阐述了基于仿真的测试与评估原理，提出了基于仿真的测试与评估过程模型。     

When will a Computer Write the Auditor's Report?

Most corporations are required by law to produce annual reports on their financial positions. These financial reports are accompanied by an auditor's report, which is an independent auditor's opinion on the fairness of the financial statements. To formulate their reports, auditors use a “personal-judgement” approach that heavily depends on their experience and expertise. This approach may be (1) ineffective and may lead to (2) different decisions, (3) personal bias, and (4) misleading judgements. These four drawbacks of a human auditor are a source of doubt and hesitation for every corporation. Therefore, the challenging question is: Can a computer do a better job? This paper focuses on the construction and implementation of a knowledge-based system, called the “Auditor's Report EXpert” (AREX), that is capable of formulating the opinion on financial statements, as expressed in the auditor's report. The knowledge used by AREX is acquired from the literature, and from a slate of practicing and academic auditors by means of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. A preliminary validation of AREX indicates that AREX is successful in performing the auditor's report task. Hence, we tentatively conclude that currently a computer program can support an auditor in his/her task. Moreover, in the foreseeable futur's reports that are effective, universal in their decisions, do not show a personal bias, and do not have misleading statements.