Ta／BDD电极电化学处理超高浓度有机废水的研究

用Ta/BDD(以Ta为基底的掺硼金刚石薄膜)作电极,采用循环电解法处理高浓度有机工业废水,研究了电解时间、电流密度及pH值对于COD(化学需氧量)降解率的影响,实验发现在电流密度0.4 A/cm2左右、pH值为酸性条件下,经过6 h电解废水的COD降解率达到了90%以上,最后对COD的降解机理做了分析.     

水体中磺胺甲恶唑在BDD电极体系中的电化学氧化机理

以磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)为研究对象, 采用掺硼金刚石薄膜(BDD)电极电化学氧化法, 研究电流密度和电解质溶液对其降解效果的影响; 用循环伏安扫描和GC-MS测定中间产物, 提出SMX降解的机理。结果表明,BDD电化学氧化SMX的最佳电流密度为20 mA/cm², 最适电解质溶液为0.05 mol/L Na₂SO₄, 此外, 可在50分钟内实现100%的SMX去除, 且去除过程满足一级反应动力学方程。低电流密度下, SMX可发生直接电化学氧化,通过苯胺基失去电子生成二聚物; 高电流密度下, SMX以间接?OH氧化为主, 可能的降解途径有两条, 分别为?OH攻击导致S-N键断裂和?OH攻击杂环使得苯环开裂, 生成小分子羧酸, 最终矿化成CO₂, H₂O以及无机离子。     

BDD电极电化学氧化处理高COD、高氨氮火炸药废水的最佳工艺参数

为处理火炸药制造过程中产生的高COD、高氨氮废水,用掺硼金刚石(Boron-doped diamond, BDD)做阳极,通过电化学氧化处理,探究电流密度(40～80 mA/cm²)、氯化钠添加量(0.5～4.0 g/L)和pH值(2～11)对火炸药废水的COD、氨氮移除及其动力学常数的影响。结果表明,电流越大,COD与氨氮移除的动力学常数均随之增大;氯化钠添加量越大,COD动力学常数表现为线性增大,氨氮动力学常数则表现出先增大后稳定的趋势;体系的酸性越强,COD动力学常数越大,相反,体系碱性越强,氨氮动力学常数越大。结合动力学常数的变化趋势,获得了目标溶液的最佳处理参数：在pH=4,NaCl添加量2 g/L,电流密度70 mA/cm²条件下处理6 h,可实现溶液中COD和氨氮的高效移除,移除率分别达到98.70%和95.74%,表明以BDD为电极电化学氧化处理火炸药废水有优良的效果。     

电催化氧化降解活性红紫X-2R染料废水的研究

采用复极性三维三相电极反应装置对活性红紫X-2R染料进行了电催化氧化降解试验,分析了外加电压、主电极极间距、电流密度、初始pH值、曝气量等因素对降解效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:外加电压30 V,电流密度28 mA/cm2,主电极极间距5 cm,初始pH值6,曝气量3 L/min,初始质量浓度为400 mg/L的染料废水经50 min电催化氧化后,脱色率与COD的去除率分别达99.1%和93.5%.     

电催化氧化降解活性红紫X-2R染料废水的研究

采用复极性三维三相电极反应装置对活性红紫X-2R染料进行了电催化氧化降解试验,分析了外加电压、主电极极间距、电流密度、初始pH值、曝气量等因素对降解效果的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：外加电压30 V,电流密度28 mA/cm2,主电极极间距5 cm,初始pH值6,曝气量3 L/min,初始质量浓度为400 mg/L的染料废水经50 min电催化氧化后,脱色率与COD的去除率分别达99.1%和93.5%.     

甲基橙在复合修饰电极上的电催化氧化

为了更好地处理偶氮类印染废水,采用电化学催化氧化的方法,以具有典型偶氮结构的甲基橙模拟废水为处理对象,使用Ti/Sb-RuO2电极和Ti/Sb-RuO2/Co-Mo电极,分别研究了电流密度、降解时间、极板间距、pH值对甲基橙溶液脱色效果的影响,并优化出最佳的处理条件.实验结果表明:使用Ti/Sb-RuO2/Co-Mo电极在电流密度为100mA/cm3,降解时间为15min,极板间距为1.5cm,pH值为6.0条件下,甲基橙的脱色率可达到95%以上.     

电化学生成H2O2 - T iO2 /UV降解碱性品红研究

用电化学方式持续向TiO2/UV光催化体系中供给H2O2,以促进有机污染物的光催化降解.以碱性品红为模型有机污染物,研究了其在电化学生成H2O2-TiO2/UV体系中的降解,研究结果表明:碱性条件下碱性品红降解最快,酸性其次,中性最慢;在5.0~10.0 mA.cm-2的范围内,碱性品红降解率随电流密度的增大而明显升高,而当电流密度进一步增大时碱性品红的降解率并没有明显的增强;溶液中PO43-、SO42-对碱性品红的降解有抑制作用,而C l-则会促进碱性品红降解;电化学生成H2O2-TiO2/UV对碱性品红的降解率和COD去除率分别高于单一的电化学生成H2O2氧化、TiO2/UV光催化氧化的降解率和COD去除率之和,这表明电化学生成H2O2、TiO2/UV在对碱性品红的降解和COD去除上存在协同效应;碱性品红的降解及COD去除均符合一级动力学过程,其降解及COD去除的速率常数分别为3.109×10-2m in-1和1.033×10-2m in-1.     

金刚石薄膜电极处理含氯酚废水的实验研究

以硼掺杂金刚石薄膜(BDD)为电极,采用电化学氧化的方法对含氯酚废水进行实验研究。采用循环流动的方式,结果表明:在给定不同恒电位的情况下,电流随时间变化的规律也不同;在高电位时电流密度比较大,使间接氧化增强,导致COD去除率和瞬时电流效率(ICE)增大;由于支持电解质N aC l在电解过程中产生的次氯酸盐氧化性强,因此N aC l比H2SO4对COD去除率和ICE增大更有利。采用钛基活性涂层(ACT)电极与金刚石电极的对比实验发现:由于BDD电极的弱吸附性,其处理效果明显优于ACT。     

金刚石膜电极电化学氧化石油污水的研究

用BDD(掺硼金刚石)作电极,采用循环电解法处理石油污水,研究了电解时间、槽电压及电极间距对有COD(化学需氧量)降解率的影响,实验发现在槽电压8 V、电极间距2 mm,经过5h电解废水的COD降解率达到了93.9%,并且做了阴极替换实验,最后对COD的降解机理做了分析.     

金刚石膜电极电化学氧化工业含磷废水的研究

用掺硼金刚石(BDD)作电极,采用循环电解法处理含磷工业废水,研究了电解时间、槽电压及电极间距对有化学需氧量(COD)降解率的影响.实验发现在槽电压8V、电极间距2 mm,经过5h电解废水的COD降解率达到了93.9%,并且做了阴极替换实验,最后对COD的降解机理做了分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that