钛合金表面CrN涂层高温氧化及力学性能

采用热丝增强等离子体磁控溅射技术,在Ti6Al4V(TC4)基体表面沉积单相CrN涂层,并分别在温度为400、500、600、700、800℃下空气中退火。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与能谱(EDS)、Raman光谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、划痕仪、纳米压痕仪、台阶仪和摩擦磨损仪分析涂层的物相组成、微观形貌、成分及力学性能。随着退火温度的升高,CrN所有取向的峰位均向右移动接近标准峰位,内应力得到释放。当退火温度达到600℃后,涂层表面氧化迹象明显,粗糙度升高,出现白色颗粒状Cr₂O₃。随退火温度升高,涂层与基体结合力提高,在800℃时临界失效载荷达到25.2 N;涂层硬度和弹性模量下降,硬度从未退火的24.86 GPa降至800℃的15.23 GPa,弹性模量从327 GPa降至260 GPa;涂层耐磨性小幅下降,磨损量从未退火的0.78×10^-16m³/(m·N)上升至11.74×10^-16m³/(m...     

自组织纳米复合薄膜BiFeO3-CoFe2O4的微结构与相成分

采用先进电子显微术在原子尺度研究了（001）单晶SrTiO₃衬底上生长的纳米复合薄膜0.65BiFcO₃-0.35CoFe₂O₄的组织形态以及界面结构.BiFeO₃（BFO）和CoFe₂O₄（CFO）两相在外延生长过程中自发相分离,形成自组织的复合纳米结构.磁性尖晶石CFO呈方块状均匀分布于铁电钙钛矿BFO基体中,并沿[001)1]方向外延生长,形成垂直的柱状纳米结构.两相具有简单的立方-立方取向关系,即[001]_BFO//[001]_CFO和（100）_BFO//（100）_CFO,且界面为{110}晶面.薄膜表面起伏不平,形成CFO{111}小刻面而BFO则为平整的（001）表面.能谱分析结果表明各相成分均匀分布并无明显的元素互扩散发生.     

纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

316L钢在超临界水拟临界区内的腐蚀行为特性研究

为研究金属材料在超临界流体拟临界区内的腐蚀行为,解释拟临界区内腐蚀加剧现象的形成机理,采用超临界流体反应釜腐蚀实验平台,对316L奥氏体不锈钢在375.6℃、22.5 MPa, 405.6℃、22.5 MPa以及405.6℃、28.6 MPa 3种超临界水工况下进行200 h的静态腐蚀实验,并通过电子天平称量、扫描电子显微镜分析、X射线能量色散光谱仪分析和X射线衍射分析等方法对试样的腐蚀情况进行了分析。结果表明：316L不锈钢在拟临界区（375.6℃、22.5 MPa）腐蚀加剧,腐蚀速率最高,腐蚀产物最为复杂;在拟临界区的腐蚀产物为两层,外层为Fe₃O₄、Fe₂O₃,内层为FeCr₂O₄,而在超临界压力高参数区（405.6℃、28.6 MPa）只形成一层Fe₃O₄,内层产物膜尚未形成。通过对腐蚀机理分析发现,由于超临界水在拟临界区的物性剧烈变化,动力学作用增强,加速了氧等腐蚀性介质向材料基体的迁移,加剧了腐蚀产物...     

功能梯度Ni?W/Er2O3稀土纳米颗粒复合膜的电沉积

Multi-layered functionally graded (FG) structure Ni?W/Er₂O₃ nanocomposite films were prepared by continuously changing the deposition parameters, in which the Er₂O₃ and W contents varied with thickness. The microstructure and chemical composition of the electrodeposited Ni?W/Er₂O₃ films were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The anti-corrosion and wear properties of the electrodeposition films were investigated by electrochemical measurement and ball-on-disk friction test. The microhardness distribution of the cross section of nanocomposites was measured by nanoindentation. The results showed that with decreasing agitation rate or increasing average current density, the contents of Er₂O₃ nanoparticles and tungsten were distributed in a gradient along the thickness, and the contents on the surface were larger. By comparison, FG Ni?W/Er₂O₃ films had better anti-corrosion and wear properties than the uniform Ni?W/Er₂O₃ films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry measurements indicated that Er₂O₃ nanoparticles had an effect on the surface roughness.     

热处理对硝酸熔盐中347H不锈钢腐蚀行为的影响

利用静态熔盐浸泡实验,研究了不同晶粒度的347H不锈钢在565 ℃混合硝酸熔盐(60%NaNO₃+40%KNO₃)中长达120 h的腐蚀行为.通过增重法绘制腐蚀动力学曲线,并研究347H不锈钢的表面腐蚀产物、物相、腐蚀表面微区成分,解释347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的腐蚀机理.结果表明:经过固溶处理调控晶粒度的347H不锈钢在熔盐腐蚀中腐蚀速率有所降低,腐蚀动力学曲线变为线性增长趋势.通过XRD检测得到,347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的腐蚀产物主要是Fe₂O₃和少量的Fe₃O₄及NaFeO₂.Fe₃O₄,结构致密,能有效减小硝酸熔盐对钢基体的腐蚀,导致347H不锈钢在腐蚀后期质量损失有所降低.腐蚀产物形貌和横截面厚度分析结果表明,经过1 160 ℃固溶处理1 h后不锈钢晶粒度达到7级时,腐蚀层厚度达到最低为0.661 μm,此时347H不锈钢在硝酸熔盐中的耐腐蚀性达到最好.     

镁基氯化物熔盐对奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀性分析

为了解镁基三元氯化物熔盐Na Cl-Ca Cl2-Mg Cl2在储热过程中对奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀性,采用质量损失法研究了5种不锈钢(201、304、310S、316L和321型)在该熔盐中的短期腐蚀行为.对抗腐蚀性较好的316L不锈钢进行了长期腐蚀性研究,采用XRD和SEM分析了腐蚀层的物相和形貌随腐蚀时间的变化.结果表明:金属在无盖坩埚中比在加盖坩埚中的浸没腐蚀质量损失更大;其中含Mo的316L不锈钢在加盖坩埚中于500、600和700℃对熔盐均表现出了较好的耐腐蚀性,316L不锈钢在600℃下的腐蚀速率为0.347 mm/y;腐蚀5 d后316L不锈钢表面仍呈现金属基底的衍射峰,但10 d后表面出现Mg O的衍射峰;腐蚀5 d后316L不锈钢表面呈多孔状态,10 d后前期腐蚀形成的孔洞逐渐被Mg Cl2高温水解生成的Mg O填充.     

脉冲激光沉积法原位后退火生长MgB2薄膜的研究

采用脉冲激光沉积的方法在 Al₂O₃（0001）基片上先生成 Mg-B 混和薄膜,然后采用原位后退火的方法生成 MgB₂ 超导薄膜,采用磁测量（M-T）、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜技术分析了各种沉积及退火条件对 MgB₂ 超导薄膜表面形貌、晶体结构、超导电性的影响。在沉积温度为 200 ℃,退火时间 5min 时,改变退火温度得到一组薄膜,研究退火温度对超导薄膜性质的影响,得到了转变温度-退火温度曲线。在退火温度为 670℃、720℃ 时,得到了最高的临界转变温度 T_c=33K,X射线衍射结果表明此时的薄膜有 c 轴取向。同时比较了在 200℃ 下沉积,在 670℃ 下分别退火不同时间的薄膜的超导性质。还比较了分别在不同温度下沉积,然后在 670℃ 下退火 5min 的薄膜的超导性质。结果表明,沉积温度和退火温度、退火时间极大的影响了薄膜的各种性质。     

CZTS在快速硫化过程中的相转变

首先采用磁控共溅射的方法在镀钼钠钙玻璃上制备了Cu-Zn-Sn三元金属预制层，再以硫粉为硫源，用快速退火处理(RTP)炉分别在200℃、250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃、450℃、500℃、550℃和600℃进行1 h快速热处理，得到不同温度硫化的薄膜，分别采用XRD、Raman、SEM进行物相和表面形貌的表征.结果表明，在硫化退火过程中，在250～300℃,首先形成的二元相有Cu₂S、ZnS、SnS;在300～350℃,三元相Cu₂SnS₃形成；超过350℃时，晶粒尺寸较小的Cu₂ZnSnS₄(CZTS)开始形成；随着温度继续升高，CZTS的晶粒逐渐长大，杂相减少；当温度达到500℃时，表面形成结晶性好、晶粒尺寸大且无杂相的CZTS薄膜.通过对XRD和Raman图谱的分析，确立了各个温度区间发生相转变的化学反应方程式.     

纳米Fe3O4/氟碳树脂磁场诱导自组装抗反射薄膜的制备及表征

为了获得高度取向的阵列材料,以水热合成的纳米Fe₃O₄磁性颗粒为功能物质,氟碳树脂为薄膜基体,在磁场作用下定向生长成具有磁性针状阵列结构的自组装抗反射薄膜,并考察不同Fe₃O₄含量对磁性阵列结构的影响;利用体视显微镜和扫描电镜（SEM）对薄膜表面结构进行了表征;采用紫外可见近红外分光光度计（UV/Vis/NIR）来表征自组装薄膜的反射率。结果表明:随着Fe₃O₄含量的增加,阵列高度逐渐增高;当粉体质量分数为10%时,阵列的间距为300～600μm,阵列中单个针状结构中间的直径约为100μm;薄膜表面的阵列结构对于反射率的降低有明显效果     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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