晶粒尺寸及晶界碳化物对蠕变断裂的影响

用单相Ｃ０及只在晶界上有碳化物析出Ｃ２的两种Ｆｅ－１５Ｃｒ－２６Ｎｉ奥氏体合 金，在应力３９．２ ＭＰａ，温度 １１２３ Ｋ下，研究了晶粒尺寸及晶界碳化物对蠕变断裂 性质的影响。结果表明：两种合金的最小蠕变速率ｅｍ及断裂时间ｔｒ很好地符合 Ｄｏｂｅｓ－Ｍｉｌｉｃｋａ关系即：是断裂应变。Ｃ０与Ｃ２合金在研究的 晶粒尺寸范围内（２０－３００μｍ），断裂应变差别不大，但Ｃ２合金的断裂时间比Ｃ０合 金长一个数量级。Ｃ０合金断裂时间与断裂应变都在晶粒尺寸约４０μｍ的有最大值。 Ｃ合金断裂时间则在晶粒尺寸约８０μｍ时有最大值，但断裂应变与晶粒尺寸无关。 文中还探讨了它们随晶粒尺寸变化的原因。     

纳米硅薄膜中的量子点特征

从电性和结构上论证了纳米硅薄膜中的细微晶粒（３￣６ｎｍ）具有量子点（Ｑ．Ｄ）特征。在其电导曲线中呈现出随晶粒尺寸减小而增大的小尺寸效应。使用薄层（￣２０ｎｍ厚）纳米硅膜制成了隧道二极管，已在液氮温区（≈７７Ｋ）在其Ｉ－Ｖ及σ－Ｖ曲线上呈现出Ｃｏｕｌｏｍｂ台阶。对实验结果做了初步分析讨论。     

PVF和CaHPO4对Nylon6的热行为和晶型的影响

利用ＤＳＣ法研究了甲酸部分酯化聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＦ）和二价金属盐ＣａＨＰＯ４对晶态－非晶态Ｎｙｌｏｎ６／ＰＶＦ共混体系中Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的熔融、结晶及晶型结构的影响．结果表明，非晶态ＰＶＦ虽降低了Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的结晶能力，却使Ｎｙｌｏｎ６能同时形成α和γ两种晶型；γ晶型的相对含量（Ｉγ）随共混物中ＰＶＦ含量的增加而增加，而α晶型则相反；在相同的共混组成条件下，ＣａＨＰＯ４有利于Ｎｙｌｏｎ６γ晶型形成．非等温结晶动力学结果表明，非晶态ＰＶＦ对Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的结晶生长速率和结晶生长方式均有显著影响；ＣａＨＰＯ４导致Ｎｙｌｏｎ６从熔体中结晶出现前期和后期结晶，前期和后期结晶的结晶生长速率均明显增大，表明ＣａＨＰＯ４影响Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的成核并起成核剂的作用．     

纳米晶硅的光电特性

利用ＰＥＣＶＤ方法及后处理工艺制备了具有室温可见光区光致发光效应的纳米晶硅（ｎ－Ｓｉ／ＳｉＯ２）薄膜材料，对其光吸收，光能隙以及电导率等特性参数进行了测试研究。发现该薄膜的可见光区吸收比ＰＥＣＶＥ方法制备的微晶硅，非晶硅等薄膜的光吸收明显减弱，且光能隙增大。而电导率则大大提高，达到１０－１－１０－３ｃｍ－１Ω－１的量级。该材料光学性能的变化可用量子尺寸效应进行定性解释，但其电导率的大幅度增加还有待进一步的研究。     

氯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物热解机理的研究

用ＴＧ－ＤＳＣ法研究氯乙烯－丙烯酸丁酯共聚物的热降解机理。考察了升温速率、气氛对热降解的影响。实验表明：随β增增大，ＶＣ－ＢＡ共聚物的热降解出现最大降解速率时的温度和降解１０％时的温度都升高，但对最终降解率影响不大；在气氛一定时，Ｔｐ时的降解率是一个常数。在氮气气氛中的Ｔｐ比空气气氛中的Ｔｐ高，且ＶＣ－ＢＡ共聚物的热降解反应是吸热反应，它的降解分两步进行，第一步是脱除支基，第二步是主链断裂；在空气     

An／C_（60）－Polymer／P－Si结构C－V特性

报道了利用ＰＥＣＶＤ技术在Ｐ－Ｓｉ衬底抛光面上淀积含Ｃ６０聚合物薄膜及在薄膜表面蒸金形成Ａｎ／Ｃ６０－Ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒ／Ｐ－Ｓｉ结构．通过常温及温偏处理后的不同Ｃ－Ｖ特性，推算了聚合物薄膜中的几种电荷密度和介电常数，并对经过温偏处理后Ｃ－Ｖ曲线的畸变做了讨论．     

单晶-多晶硅P~+N结二极管基区载流子的寿命

本文研究了单品－多晶硅Ｐ＋Ｎ结二极管基区载流子寿命与掺杂浓度、晶粒大小 的关系。在重掺杂 Ｐ型单晶硅上，用 ＬＰＣＶＤ法生长多晶硅薄膜，离子注入磷后， 形成 Ｐ＋Ｎ结。掺磷浓度从 ５．４×１０１４ｃｍ－３变化到 ６．０×１０１８ｃｍ－３，相应二极管的 基区少数载流子寿命从１．４×１０－１０Ｓ减少到７．５×１０－１３ｓ并且随着晶粒尺寸的增加， 寿命变大。实验结果和 Ｈｏｗａｒｄ Ｃ．Ｃａｒｄ等人对 Ｎ型多晶硅少数载流子寿命随掺 杂浓度、晶粒大小变化的理论相符合．     

界面层结构对硅灰石填充聚丙烯结晶行为和形态的影响

采用ＤＳＣ和偏光显微镜技术对以硅烷类ＫＨ－５５０，ＫＨ－５７０和钛酸酯类ＮＤＺ－２０１等偶联剂处理的硅灰石填充聚丙烯的结晶行为和形态进行了研究，结果表明，由于偶联剂结构各异，将形成不同的填料与树脂间的界面层结构，产生不同的界面效应，从而影响其结晶成核与生长过程．ＫＨ－５５０提高了硅灰石异相成核的能力，使结晶温度升高，结晶速率加快，晶粒变小，分布变窄；ＮＤＺ－２０１则相反，而ＫＨ－５７０影响不大．     

PECVD法低温制备富氮的SiOxNy栅介质膜及其特性

在ＰＥＣＶＤ法低温制备优质薄膜技术中，改变衬底温度、反应室气压、混合气体组份，过以用退火致密工艺，制备富氮的ＳｉＯｘＮｙ栅介质膜样品，采用准静态Ｃ－Ｖ和高频Ｃ－Ｖ特性测试，俄歇电子能谱分析、椭偏谱仪检测，Ｉ－Ｖ特性测试，研究了该薄膜的电学、光学特性；探讨多种工艺制备条件对膜特性的影响，同时给出了制备该膜最优化工艺条件。经测定，用这种工艺条件制成膜的特性参数已中接近热生长ＳｉＯ２栅介质膜的水平。     

亚快速凝固结晶取向对强晶形态选择的影响

采用区域熔化定向凝固装置，对冷却速度在１３－１３０Ｋ／ｓ范围内Ｎｉ－５％Ｃｕ合金的结晶形貌研究表明：在温度梯度１３００Ｋ／ｃｍ条件下，晶体生长速度ｖ＝５００μｍ／ｓ时，不同结晶取向晶粒的结晶形貌不同；当晶体生长速度ｖ＝８００μｍ／ｓ时，不同结晶取向晶粒的细胞晶间距不同，亚快速凝固条件下，晶体生长方向对结晶形貌的影响非常显著。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with