3-氯-2-羟基丙基磺酸钠的合成研究

本文研究了磺酸型双子表面活性剂的中间体-3-氯-2-羟丙基磺酸钠合成工艺条件:反应体系的pH值为6～6.5.环氧氯丙烷、亚硫酸氢钠按1:1.6(mol/mol)比例在1.5h滴入.然后控制反应温度为20℃～30℃, 搅拌反应4h.     

3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成工艺

以环氧氯丙烷、三甲胺、浓盐酸为原料 ,合成了 3 氯 2 羟丙基三甲基氯化铵。研究结果表明 ,最佳合成工艺条件 :环氧氯丙烷与三甲胺盐酸盐的量之比为 0 .95∶1,反应 pH起始值为 7.5～ 8.0 ,反应温度采用分段 (10 ,35℃ )控制。使用合适的催化剂 ,反应收率可达 96 %以上。对三甲基氯化铵溶液中的微量有机杂质环氧氯丙烷和 1,3 二氯丙醇进行了分析 ,并采用连续水汽精馏对产品进行了纯化处理。纯化后的产品中 ,三甲基氯化铵的质量分数为6 9% ,环氧氯丙烷的质量分数小于 0 .0 0 0 5 % ,1,3 二氯丙醇的质量分数小于 0 .0 0 15 %。     

3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成工艺

以环氧氯丙烷、三甲胺、浓盐酸为原料，合成了3-氯-2．羟丙基三甲基氯化铵。研究结果表明，最佳合成工艺条件：环氧氯丙烷与三甲胺盐酸盐的量之比为0．95：1，反应pH起始值为7．5-8．0，反应温度采用分段(10.35℃)控制。使用合适的催化剂，反应收率可达96％以上。对三甲基氯化铵溶液中的微量有机杂质环氧氯丙烷和1，3-二氯丙醇进行了分析，并采用连续水汽精馏对产品进行了纯化处理。纯化后的产品中，三甲基氯化铵的质量分数为69％，环氧氯丙烷的质量分数小于0．0005％，1，3．二氯丙醇的质量分数小于0．0015％。     

高收率苄基三乙基氯化铵合成工艺优化

该文研究了以氯苄和三乙胺为原料合成苄基三乙基氯化铵的工艺条件,考察了n(三乙胺)∶n(氯苄)、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响,通过正交实验优化了合成工艺条件.实验表明:n(三乙胺)∶n(氯苄)为1.0∶1.1,反应温度为84℃,反应时间为2h,苄基三乙基氯化铵收率99％以上.     

相转移自催化法合成2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵

用三甲胺盐酸盐与环氧氯丙烷反应,采用相转移自催化法合成了2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵。结果表明,在原料摩尔配比1∶1、反应温度70℃、反应时间3.5h和反应液pH值8.2条件下,产品的收率达到93.1%。并用IR图谱对产品结构作了表征。     

阳离子瓜耳胶的合成

以环氧氯丙烷、三甲胺、盐酸为原料,合成中间体3-氯-2-羟丙基-三甲基氯化铵,进而中间体与瓜耳胶反应。着重考察了由中间体制备阳离子瓜耳胶时,各种因素对其理性指标的影响。结果表明:反应温度35~40℃,反应时间25 h,反应液的pH值控制在6~8。在此条件下,阳离子瓜耳胶的含氮量的质量分数达1.70%(标样1.66%),25℃下,其0.5%的水溶液粘度大于3 600 Pa.s(标样3 000 Pa.s)。产品的红外光谱图与法国罗地亚公司的样品谱图相符。     

(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇合成(R)-(-)-3-氯-2-羟丙基对甲苯磺酸酯的研究

以(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料合成了医药中间体(R)-(-)-3-氯-2-羟丙基对甲苯磺酸酯,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂种类及用量、催化剂种类及用量,以及原料配比等因素对反应的影响.通过正交试验确定了适宜的合成工艺条件:反应温度0℃;反应时间6 h;对甲苯磺酰氯与(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇摩尔比为1.2∶1;催化剂NaOH与(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的摩尔比为1.2∶1;以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,(R)-(-)-3-氯-1,2-丙二醇浓度为125 g/L.在此工艺条件下产物得率大于85%.     

2-[3-(1,3-二氧戊烷-2-基)-1-羟丙基苯基]-2-甲基丙酸乙酯的合成研究

研究了 2 - [3- ( 1 ,3-二氧戊烷 - 2 -基 ) - 1 -羟丙基苯基 ]- 2 -甲基丙酸乙酯的合成 .丙烯醛与乙二醇溴化氢溶液反应制得 2 - ( 2 -溴乙基 ) - 1 ,3-二氧戊烷 ,适宜的反应条件为 :反应温度 5～ 1 0℃ ,反应时间 5～ 6h.2 - ( 2 -溴乙基 ) - 1 ,3-二氧戊烷与 2 - ( 4 -甲酰基苯基 ) - 2 -甲基丙酸乙酯进行格氏反应制得目标产品 .制格氏试剂时反应温度 30～ 40℃ ,反应时间 2 h;格氏反应温度不超过 2 5℃ ,反应时间2 0 min.产品合成总收率 5 4 .5 % ,产品结构经 IR谱、1HNMR谱等确证 .     

2-[4-[(4-氯苯基)-苯甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙醇的合成

以1-(溴苯甲基)-4-氯苯、2-羟乙基哌嗪为原料,合成了2-[4-[(4-氯苯基)-苯甲基]-1-哌嗪基]乙醇,并对原料配比、反应时间、反应温度等条件进行了优化.当1-(溴苯甲基)-4-氯苯与2-羟乙基哌嗪的摩尔比为1∶1.10,反应温度115℃,反应4h,收率为88.5%.对目标产物的结构进行了表征.     

季胺型阳离子木薯淀粉制备研究

本文以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化胺为醚化剂对木薯淀粉进行醚化制得季胺型阳离子淀粉。以互甲胺盐酸盐、环氧氯丙烷为原料，制备了醚化剂3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化胺，醚化剂制备适宜温度为20℃，二者物质的量之比1．00：1．05，反应时间3—4h．真空蒸馏3—4次提纯。采用湿法制备阳离子淀粉，反应浆液浓度30％-40%，反应温度40℃，反应体系pH值11—12，氢氧化钠与醚化剂物质的量之比2-8：1，淀粉与醚化剂物质的量之比1：0．15。取代度为0.07-0．12。67     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.