视觉伺服移动机器人中的图像处理研究

从机器人彩色视觉的形成机理入手 ,分析了影响视觉的主要因素 ,其中包括光照条件与成像元件等 ,设计了一种基于知识融合的视觉图像处理方法 ,将其应用于机器人的彩色视觉后 ,增加了机器人视觉系统的鲁棒性 .研究表明 ,该方法可以在环境光场有变化或光场分布不均匀的情况下快速、准确地计算出移动机器人的位置与姿态 ,定位误差不超过 4× 4的像素点范围 ,角度误差在±2° ,因此满足了视觉伺服系统性能指标的要求 .     

自主移动机器人的模糊智能导航

移动机器人在运动过程中所获得的传感器信息是动态且不确定的。移动机器人的控制采用了基于行为的结构，它能够克服环境的不确定性，可靠地完成复杂任务，且效率高，鲁棒性好。为了实现机器人在未知、动态、复杂环境下具有一定智能的自我决策的能力，利用模糊控制器来完成移动机器人的各种自主行为，所有被激活的行为采用分划方法来融合，可以很好地处理不确定的情况。最后通过仿真验证了该方法对移动机器人导航的有效性和可行性。     

基于双目立体视觉的自主导航运动系统

基于视觉系统的自主导航技术是近年来机器人研究领域的一个热点.以双目视觉为基础,采用张正友棋盘标定法实现了立体摄像机的精确标定,基于区域的归一化互相关法完成视频的立体匹配,并通过盒滤波技术改善了算法的执行速度,基于膨胀栅格的距离向量直方图法实现运动系统最优路径的选择.通过使用标准测试图和真实场景图对系统性能进行测试,结果表明算法符合要求.最后给出了系统的实现方案.     

自主视觉导航方法综述

深入研究视觉导航方法,对自主视觉导航方法进行了综述。阐述了视觉导航方法的分类方式,并按照视觉导航系统对地图的依赖性进行分类（即基于地图的视觉导航、地图生成型视觉导航和无地图型视觉导航）,对视觉导航的发展进行综述;给出了视觉组合导航系统的发展现状。对近年视觉导航领域文献的分析表明,视觉导航的研究热点在向智能化和多传感器融合方向延伸。     

移动机器人视觉导航的并行处理技术研究

视觉导航是自主式移动机器人智能导航的研究热点 ,但是视觉导航所需的图像计算量很大 ,导致系统延迟 .引入网格分布式并行处理系统 ,将大计算量图像进行并行处理 ,以满足机器人实时性要求 .文中做了一个 4个节点的异构平台的实验 ,展示了系统的实用性 .     

自主导航避障移动机器人仿真软件设计

设计了一款可实现移动机器人自主导航避障的仿真软件,该软件包括机器人运行环境仿真与机器人运动控制仿真2部分.其中运行环境仿真部分提供了机器人的障碍环境即运行地图,机器人运动控制仿真部分分别模拟了机器人雷达、导航避障算法及机器人运动.首先讨论了软件框架,实现了机器人“传感-思考-执行”的运行机制;然后详细介绍了机器人雷达仿...     

一种自主移动机器人智能导航控制系统设计

提出一种实用的自主移动机器人智能导航控制方案,以研制的模型样机HN-9为例,阐述了其具体实现技术.机器人采用扫描式超声波实现作业环境的探测,基于码盘和电子罗盘的组合导航子系统实现定位估计,利用模糊决策子系统产生反应式智能导航控制行为.仿真实验及模型样机的实际运行效果验证了该系统构成的可行性.这种模块化的低成本设计方案便于在移动机器人的嵌入式控制系统上实现,便于对已有移动机器人系统进行改造以实现自主导航功能,用以提高操作机动性与可靠性.     

基于彩色图像的移动机器人视觉导航系统

基于移动机器人视觉处理的实践 ,提出了基于颜色模型的图像分割方法 .运用快速聚类的方法处理分割图像并进行目标定位 ,通过实验检验图像分割和目标定位的精度 ,给出了目标定位计算公式 ,对误差的产生进行了分析 .     

基于道路结构特征的自主车视觉导航

基于计算机视觉技术的道路检测,针对红旗轿车自主驾驶系统的视觉导航,提出并实现了一种基于道路结构特征的自主车视觉导航方法.该方法根据高速公路上道路标志线平行、等宽等特征,将车载摄像机获取的道路图像投影到道路平面上,再运用这些特征来提取标志线像素.在此基础上根据公路道路模型,建立参数空间搜索最优参数,得到道路标志线的参数表达,实现视觉导航,并给出了C市环城高速上的实验结果.     

移动机器人导航方式的比较研究

介绍了移动机器人几种常见的导航方式,并对各种方式进行了详细的分析和比较．针对视觉导航的关键技术进行了比较深入的探讨,展望了移动机器人视觉导航技术的发展趋势．     

一种新的双目立体视觉伺服控制模型及实验研究

针对目前手眼视觉伺服系统模型中普遍存在深度信息估计的问题,提出了一种用于双目视觉伺服控制的模型,该模型避免了深度值的测量与估计,提高了系统的控制性能,从而解决了未知物点的深度信息估计的问题。本文应用此模型,单独考虑机器人的运动学特性,设计了机器人末端执行器进行定位控制的控制器,仿真结果验证了该模型与控制算法的有效性;进一步提出了模型使用的改进算法,使该模型更具有宽泛的实用性;并且,进行了基于MOTOMAN UP6型机器人的双目视觉伺服控制实验,实验结果验证了该模型在实际控制工程中的有效性、可行性。     

A dual working mode mobile robot system based on visual guiding and visual servoing

A dual operational modes mobile robot system based on visual guiding and visual servo control is presented.This system consists of a mobile robot with a two-axis manipulator and a tele-operation station.In the visual guiding mode,for the robot works in an open loop visual servo control mode,the manipulating burden of the operator is reduced largely.In the visual servo mode the robot can locate the position of the target assigned by the operator and pick it up by its manipulator.With the help of the operator,the difficult problems of finding and handling a target in a complicated environment by the robot Can be solved easily.     

An improved potential field method for mobile robot navigation

In order to overcome the inherent oscillation problem of potential field methods ( PFMs) for au-tonomous mobile robots in the presence of obstacles and in narrow passages, an enhanced potential field method that integrates Levenberg-Marquardt ( L-M ) algorithm and k-trajectory algorithm into the basic PFMs is proposed and simulated.At first, the mobile robot navigation function based on the basic PFMs is established by choosing Gaussian model.Then, the oscillation problem of the nav-igation function is investigated when a mobile robot nears obstacles and passes through a long and narrow passage, which can cause large computation cost and system instability.At last, the L-M al-gorithm is adopted to modify the search direction of the navigation function for alleviating the oscilla-tion, while the k-trajectory algorithm is applied to further smooth trajectories.By a series of compar-ative experiments, the use of the L-M algorithm and k-trajectory algorithm can greatly improve the system performance with the advantages of reducing task completion time and achieving smooth traj-ectories.     

A hybrid Jacobian control for uncalibrated robot visual servoing

Visualservocontrolhasbeenanactiveareaofre searchformanyyears.Since1973,therehasbeen significantprogressonvisualservoingcontrol[1],and severalspecialissuesonvisualservoinghavebeen published[2,3].Therearetwobasicapproachestovi sualservocontrol[1]:Position BasedVisualServoing(PBVS)andImage BasedVisualServoing(IBVS).InPBVSsystem,theobject’s3Dposeisrecovered throughcomputervisionandtheerrorbetweenthe currentposeandthedesiredposeiscomputedinthe Cartesiantaskspace.Estimationof3Dmotionsfrom…     

Earthshaker: A mobile rescue robot for emergencies and disasters through teleoperation and autonomous navigation

To deal with emergencies and disasters without rescue workers being exposed to dangerous environments, this paper presents a mobile rescue robot, Earthshaker. As a combination of a tracked chassis and a six-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, as well as miscellaneous sensors and controllers, Earthshaker is capable of traversing diverse terrains and fulfilling dexterous manipulation. Specifically, Earthshaker has a unique swing arm—dozer blade structure that can help clear up cumbersome obstacles and stabilize the robot on stairs, a multimodal teleoperation system that can adapt to different transmission conditions, a depth camera-aided robotic arm and gripper that can realize semiautonomous manipulation and a LiDAR aided base that can achieve autonomous navigation in unknown areas. It was these special systems that supported Earthshaker to win the first Advanced Technology & Engineering Challenge (A-TEC) championships, standing out of 40 robots from the world and showing the efficacy of system integration and the advanced control philosophy behind it.     

Software framework for off-road autonomous robot navigation system

This paper presents a software framework for off-road autonomous robot navigation system.With the requirements of accurate terrain perception and instantaneous obstacles detection,one navigation software framework was advanced based on the principles of "three layer architecture" of intelligence system.Utilized the technologies of distributed system,machine learning and multiple sensor fusion,individual functional module was discussed.This paper aims to provide a framework reference for autonomous robot nav...     

Software framework for off-road autonomous robot navigation system

This paper presents a software framework for offroad autonomous robot navigation system. With the requirements of accurate terrain perception and instantaneous obstacles detection, one navigation software framework was advanced based on the principles of “three layer architecture” of intelligence system. Utilized the technologies of distributed system, machine learning and multiple sensor fusion, individual functional module was discussed. This paper aims to provide a framework reference for autonomous robot navigation system design.     

Software framework for off-road autonomous robot navigation system

This paper presents a software framework for off-road autonomous robot navigation system. With the requirements of accurate terrain perception and instantaneous obstacles detection, one navigation software framework was advanced based on the principles of "three layer architecture" of intelligence system. Utilized the technologies of distributed system, machine learning and multiple sensor fusion, individual functional module was discussed. This paper aims to provide a framework reference for autonomous robot navigation system design.     

磁锚定手术机器人视觉伺服系统研究

针对磁锚定手术机器人的同时具有转动关节和移动关节机械臂的运动特点,提出了一种基于图像的视觉伺服系统.首先建立了系统的成像模型,并求解出图像雅可比矩阵.然后建立了机器人的运动学模型,并求解出机器人雅可比矩阵.机器人在二维平面内运动,图像空间的维数与运动空间的维数相同,总的雅可比矩阵是非奇异的.为了简化视觉控制器的设计难度,反馈控制器采用PI图像控制器,同时还可克服系统的静差.最后对建立的视觉伺服系统进行Matlab仿真,结果验证了提出方案的可行性.