水溶性头孢羟氨苄药物微粒超临界流体制备技术研究

以头孢羟氨苄-水+乙醇-二氧化碳系统为研究对象,利用超临界流体膨胀减压过程成功制备出了水溶性药物头孢羟氨苄的超细微粒,测定了混合器压力和温度、进液速率、溶液浓度对微粒形态、粒径和粒径分布的影响.实验结果表明:选用水+乙醇做溶剂,在适合的操作参数下可制备出粒径在1～3,μm适于吸入武给药的头孢羟氨苄超细微粒,且大部分微粒...     

雨生红球藻中促长啉二聚合物的分离表征及超细化研究

以二氯甲烷为溶剂对雨生红球藻粉进行浸提皂化后,利用柱层析进行分离、纯化得到了促长啉二聚合物,运用IR、MS、HMBC、HSQC等测试手段对其进行了表征.利用超临界流体快速膨胀法对其进行了超细化研究,分析了喷嘴直径、压力和温度等操作参数对超细后其粒径的影响,利用SEM、XRD对制备的超细微粒的粒径及晶形进行了分析.     

超临界溶液快速膨胀制备灰黄霉素超细微粒

研究了含夹带剂的超临界溶液快速膨胀制备灰黄霉素超细微粒。结果表明，预膨胀压力和夹带剂浓度越大，沉析微粒越小；预膨胀温度越高，沉析微粒越大。模拟了超临界溶液在喷嘴入口段、喷嘴以及喷嘴后自由喷射段中的流速、压力、温度、过饱和度以及成核速率的分布。     

超临界流体技术进行熔融肉豆蔻酸的微粉化

设计和搭建了一套能够进行熔融物制备固体微颗粒的实验装置,利用超临界CO2以及超临界N2制备肉豆蔻酸的超细微粒,研究预膨胀压力、预膨胀温度、喷嘴大小对颗粒大小以及粒径分布的影响.结果表明:在研究范围内,随着预膨胀压力(8～16 MPa)的增加,肉豆蔻酸颗粒粒径变小和粒径分布变窄;随着预膨胀温度(50～70℃)的增加,肉豆蔻酸颗粒粒径变大和粒径分布变宽;喷嘴大小(60～120μm)对肉豆蔻酸颗粒几乎没有影响;使用超临界CO2制备的肉豆蔻酸颗粒形貌为不规则形状,但颗粒可以方便地控制在0.5～2μm内;使用超临界N2制备的肉豆蔻酸颗粒形貌为球状,颗粒可以控制在0.5～20μm内.     

超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法制备尤特奇S100纳米颗粒

采用超临界CO2气溶胶溶剂萃取法(ASES)制备了尤特奇S100(Eudragit S100)纳米粒,考察了有机溶剂的选择、压力、温度、溶液浓度及流速等主要工艺参数对Eudragit S100纳米粒形貌及粒径大小的影响,并采用扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱分析对结果进行了表征。结果表明,在以丙酮作为溶剂、压力为16 MPa、温度为45℃、溶液浓度为1 mg/m L的工艺条件下,可制备出有机溶剂残留少、分布均匀、平均粒径为30~60 nm的Eudragit S100纳米颗粒。纳米粒子的平均粒径随温度、压力的升高而减小,随溶液浓度的减小而减小。     

超临界反溶剂过程中液滴传质行为模拟研究

在超临界反溶剂(SAS)过程中,液滴的传质行为是影响微粒尺寸和尺寸分布的关键因素.建立了有机溶液液滴与超临界反溶剂之间的传质模型,用于模拟超临界反溶剂制备超细微粒的传质过程.根据所建的模型,在不同温度和压力下,对超临界CO2和丙酮液滴进行了传质模拟研究.研究结果表明,对于CO2-丙酮溶液系统,随着压力和温度的升高,液滴直径膨胀的比率增大,液滴寿命缩短,液滴中心密度最大值增大,液滴达到饱和需要的时间增长.由于液滴膨胀和寿命是影响微粒形态分布的主要因素,最大液滴直径越大,液滴的存在时间越短,则反溶剂过程越迅速;过饱和度越大,成核速率越大,系统的扰动程度越大,因而获得的微粒尺寸就越小而且尺寸分布越均匀.     

高氯酸铵GAS细化过程中多参数影响规律研究

用PR方程计算了丙酮-CO2和乙醇-CO2气液平衡.在此基础上,分别以丙酮和乙醇为溶剂,用超临界CO2气体抗溶剂法进行了高氯酸铵(AP)细化研究.选取实验参数为:温度25—40℃,压力6—9MPa,初始浓度0.38—1.8g/100m l,升压速率14kg/h和35kg/h,静置时间0和30m in.以乙醇、丙酮为溶剂分别可获得平均粒径为60nm和100nm的AP微细颗粒,较丙酮而言,以乙醇为溶剂制备的细化样品平均粒度更小,本文用偏摩尔体积从理论上解释了这一现象产生的原因.用TEM分析实验结果,探讨了压力、温度、溶液初始浓度及进气速率、静置时间等对GAS重结晶过程、晶粒大小和晶型的影响.结果表明:(1)在GAS细化过程中升压操作引起的液相湍动强度才是影响样品粒径、晶型的决定性因素;(2)溶剂、抗溶剂之间的作用力对结晶AP的粒度及晶形有重要影响.     

超临界抗溶剂雾化技术制备壳聚糖微粒

以超临界抗溶剂雾化技术(SAS-A)从壳聚糖的乙醇水溶液中制备壳聚糖微粒,探讨预膨胀压力、溶液流量和浓度等工艺参数对微粒粒径和粒径分布的影响.结果表明,以超临界CO_2流体为介质,预膨胀温度为50℃的条件下,采用SAS-A技术能制备得到壳聚糖球形微粒.通过改变操作条件可以控制微粒形态和大小:增大预膨胀压力,微粒平均粒径先增大,后稍减小;8 MPa下微粒分布最均匀;增大溶液流量或增大溶液中壳聚糖的浓度,微粒粒径变大,粒径分布变宽;升高溶液中乙醇的体积分数,易形成球形微粒;增大喷嘴直径,微粒粒径稍变大,分布更均匀.在研究的操作条件下获得的壳聚糖微粒粒径大小主要在0.5～5.0μm之间.红外分析表明壳聚糖微粒化前后,结构没有明显变化.     

在固态和熔融态下 RESS过程制备萘的超细颗粒

针对传统RESS过程中存在着颗粒质量和产量问题,本文分别以超临界CO2作为溶剂在萘的固态和熔融状态下利用RESS过程制备了萘的超细颗粒,研究了萘在固态和熔融态下各种操作变量,如萃取温度和压力、膨胀前温度和喷嘴尺寸等对产品尺寸的影响。结果表明,膨胀前温度和萃取压力的作用规律相同,提高膨胀前温度则颗粒变大,提高萃取温度,颗粒尺寸变小;而在熔融状态下反之,在该研究范围内,喷嘴尺寸的熔融态和固态下对颗粒尺寸影响不大。     

微通道反应器内纳米头孢呋辛酯制备工艺优化

在Y型微通道反应器中,采用反溶剂沉淀法制备头孢呋辛酯纳米颗粒。通过正交实验,系统研究药物溶液质量浓度、沉淀温度、溶剂流量和反溶剂流量等因素对产物粒径的影响。得到的适宜制备工艺条件为：药物溶液质量浓度0.08g/mL、沉淀温度5℃、溶剂流量3mL/min,以及反溶剂流量80mL/min,制备出了粒径为260～340nm,且粒径分布窄的纳米颗粒。实验还进一步利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱分析和体外溶出实验对原料药及产品性质进行表征,结果表明：微粉化产品为无定形,溶出度明显优于原料药。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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