砷滤饼制备砷酸铜的影响因素及工艺优化

采用氢氧化钠溶液浸出硫化砷滤饼,有效实现As与Cu和Bi等金属的分离,对浸出液经氧化脱硫后配入黑铜泥的酸性浸出液制备砷酸铜.研究结果表明:当NaOH的浓度为1.5mol/L、液固比10∶1、反应温度70℃、反应时间1.5h、搅拌速度为400r/min时,硫化砷滤饼中As的浸出率达到96.56%,Cu浸出率仅为0.12%;经氢氧化钠浸出,浸出渣中Cu、Bi的质量分数分别从原来15.93%和1.96%增加到56.31%和6.92%,使Cu和Bi得到高度富集;所制备的砷酸铜w(Cu)>29.8%,w(As)>26.19%,砷酸铜的结构式为Cu5As4O15.9H2O.     

采用硫化砷渣制备三氧化二砷工艺

硫化砷渣经氢氧化钠溶液浸出、空气氧化脱硫和SO2还原制备得到As2O3。研究结果表明：当NaOH与AS2S3物质的量比为7．2：1,固体质量与液体体积之比为1：6,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为2h,转速为300r／min时,用氢氧化钠溶液浸取硫化砷渣,其砷的浸取率达到95．90％;过滤后在碱浸液中通空气脱除碱浸液中Na3AsS3中的硫;当反应时间为10h,反应温度为30℃,空气流量为120L／h,对苯二酚和高锰酸钾质量浓度分别为1．5g／L和0．5g/L,木质素磺酸钠质量浓度为0．13g／L时,脱硫率可达到96．00％;当pH值为0,反应时间为1h,反应温度为30℃,砷质量浓度为60．00g/L时通入SO2还原溶液中AsO4^3-,产物中As2O3含量和砷回收率分别达到92．14％和95．21％;稀硫酸洗涤后,As2O3纯度达95．14％。     

氢氧化钠浸出硫化砷渣制备砷酸钙

在铅锌冶炼过程中,硫化砷渣作为一种硫化法处理污酸水产生的废渣,由于其性质不稳定,易于氧化和遇酸溶解,且颗粒细,易产生粉尘飞扬,需要进一步做稳定化处理.本研究用氢氧化钠溶液对硫化砷渣浸出,浸出液与氯化钙溶液反应得到性质稳定的砷酸钙沉淀.研究了浸出温度以及浸出时间在碱性浸出过程中对砷浸出率以及砷酸钙沉积率的影响.结果 表明...     

从高铅碲渣中浸出碲的热力学分析及实验

通过对Te（Ⅳ）-Pb（Ⅱ）-Sn（Ⅱ）-Cu（Ⅱ）-As（Ⅲ）-H2O系热力学分析和计算，得到溶液中Te（Ⅳ），Pb（Ⅱ），Sn（Ⅱ），Cu（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅲ）浓度与溶液pH值的关系。热力学分析结果表明：可以采用酸浸方法从高铅碲渣中提取碲。并通过硫酸浸出高铅碲渣中碲的条件实验验证了热力学分析的结果。采用硫酸浸取高铅碲渣可以获得铅含量低于0.06％的粗TeO2，硫酸浸含铅高的碲渣较氢氧化钠浸出具有明显的优势。实验所得较为适宜的硫酸浸出条件是：硫酸浓度为3mol／L，液固比为6：1，原料粒度为0.125～0.074mm，浸出时间为180min，酸浸温度为80℃，搅拌浆转速为300r／min，在此条件下碲的浸出率可达86％。     

硫化砷渣的环境稳定性与金属释放风险研究

以湖南某铜冶炼企业硫化砷渣为研究对象,基于对其物理、化学及工艺矿物学基本特性进行分析,研究模拟堆存、静态侵蚀及半动态侵蚀环境下硫化砷渣的长期稳定性及潜在环境风险。研究结果表明：模拟堆存前后硫化砷渣中As浸出质量浓度由1 712 mg/L上升至9 956 mg/L,Cd质量浓度由12.38 mg/L上升至56.90 mg/L,而Cu,Pb和Zn浸出质量浓度始终低于标准限值;模拟堆存前后硫化砷渣的潜在生态风险等级均为严重风险,且各金属元素中对于潜在生态风险贡献最大的金属为As;在静态侵蚀环境中,硫化砷渣中各元素呈现两段式浸出特征,前期释放速率较快,之后释放速率逐渐减缓并最终趋于平缓;静态侵蚀过程金属释放主要是通过表面吸附物质的解吸、溶解实现;As在中性地下水环境、模拟强酸雨环境中的浸出行为符合双常数模型,在模拟弱酸雨、填埋场环境中符合Elovich方程,说明硫化砷渣在环境中发生了较复杂的表面反应;半动态侵蚀过程中As2O3逐渐溶解,且硫化砷中硫被氧化产生了单质硫;渣表面的絮状团聚减少,但仍附有大量细颗粒,表明有新产物生成;硫化砷渣中As浸出在中性地下水环境中受扩散及界面化学反应过程的混合控...     

从磷酸废砷渣中回收砷的碱浸工艺研究

根据目前广西区大量砷渣得不到有效利用的现状,以磷酸净化过程中产生的含砷废渣为原料,通过物相分析确定了碱浸出法回收砷的工艺,考察了浸出温度、摩尔比、液固比和反应时间等工艺条件对砷浸出率的影响。结果表明,n(NaOH)∶n(As2S3)是影响砷浸出率的主要因素,较适宜的碱浸工艺条件为:浸出温度为70℃,n(NaOH)∶n(As2S3)=6.0∶1,液固比=6.0∶1,反应时间为30 min,在此条件下砷浸出率可达97.1%。在现有基础上,该工艺为磷酸废砷渣的综合利用提供了一条简单高效的技术路线。     

黑铜泥碱性浸出工艺及机理探讨

以黑铜泥为原料,研究黑铜泥碱性浸出的工艺条件,从而使Cu、Sb、Bi和As有效分离,并探讨浸出过程的动力学机理.实验结果表明:在最佳碱浸条件下,黑铜泥中As的浸出率为92.84%,Cu的浸出率为1.43%,Sb的浸出率为2.92%,Bi的浸出率为1.26%.黑铜泥碱浸出过程在动力学上符合液-固反应的收缩性未反应核模型,...     

脱除铜阳极泥中贱金属的预处理工艺

提出用碱性NaOH体系加压氧化浸出和硫酸浸出相结合的工艺预处理铜阳极泥,即铜阳极泥在碱性NaOH体系加压氧化浸出,使As和Se氧化后溶解,Cu和Te被氧化后沉淀,然后用硫酸溶液浸出碱性浸出渣中的Cu和Te,实现铜阳极泥中贱金属的有效脱除.研究结果表明:无论碱性直接浸出或酸性直接浸出,都不能有效分离铜阳极泥中的有价金属;不同强化方式下的碱性KOH体系浸出过程,都不能达到同时脱除As和Sb的目的;碱性NaOH体系加压氧化浸出在NaOH浓度为2.0 mol/L和温度为200℃时,不仅在碱性浸出过程As和Se的浸出率都达到99.0％以上,而且碱性浸出渣硫酸浸出时Cu和Te的浸出率分别达到95.64％和77.38％.     

以高砷精炼铋烟尘为原料制备高纯氯氧化锑

以高砷精炼铋烟尘为原料,采用盐酸浸出、锑粉还原、水解、盐酸溶解、除杂、水解工艺制备高纯氯氧化锑。盐酸浸出高砷精炼铋烟尘,当盐酸溶液与精炼铋烟尘液固比为3：1、反应时间为4 h、反应温度为80℃、盐酸用量为1.2倍理论用量时,Sb,As,Bi和Pb浸出率分别为99.50％,92.79％,95.12％和85.34％;在盐酸浸出液中加入锑粉还原后水解,当水解温度为20℃、水解时间为1 h、稀释比为10：1时,Sb3+水解率达到98.25％;水解产物经盐酸溶解后加入除杂剂,反应1 h后进行二次水解,经过滤、洗涤、烘干所得产品;产品中Sb质量分数达到75.71％,而杂质As,Pb和Bi的质量分数分别为0.081 9％,0.039 2％和0.118 7％。产品为粒度均匀的菱形颗粒,其化学式为SB4O5Cl2。     

黑铜泥酸性浸出及铜砷分离研究

研究黑铜泥酸性浸出的工艺条件,合适的工艺条件使Cu、As与Sb、Bi有效分离,最终实现Cu、As的综合回收.实验结果表明,最佳酸浸条件为:H2SO4浓度为1 mol/L,温度80℃,液固比为10:1,浸出时间为4h,空气流量为0.7 m3/h,搅拌速度为400 r/min.在最佳酸浸条件下,黑铜泥中Cu、As、Sb、B...     

酸浸条件对铜镉渣综合浸出的影响

铜镉渣的浸出受酸度、液固比、温度、浸出时间等诸多因素的影响.文章通过正交试验,研究综合浸出时的最优化条件.     

热酸浸出黄钠铁矾渣工艺

以黄钠铁矾渣为原料,研究硫酸浸出过程的工艺条件,分析浸出过程的热力学和动力学机理.实验结果表明,在液固比为5∶1,搅拌速率为350 r/min条件下,浸出黄钠铁矾渣的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸质量浓度为225 g/L,反应温度为95 ℃,反应时间为2.5 h,该条件下多组实验的渣中Fe、Zn浸出率均大于96%.黄钠铁矾渣硫酸浸出过程在动力学上属于收缩核模型,受化学反应控制.     

Microemulsion leaching of vanadium from sodium-roasted vanadium slag by fusion of leaching and extraction processes

The fusion of the leaching and purification processes was realized by directly using microemulsion as the leaching agent. The bis-(2-ethyhexyl) phosphoric acid(DEHPA)/n-heptane/Na OH microemulsion system was established to directly leach vanadates from sodium-roasted vanadium slag. The effect of the leaching agent on the leaching efficiency was investigated, in addition to the molar ratio of H_2O/Na DEHP(W), DEHPA concentration, solid/liquid ratio, stirring time, and leaching temperature. In optimal situations, the vanadium leaching efficiency reaches 79.57%. The X-ray diffraction characterization of the leaching residue and the Raman spectrum of the microemulsion before and after leaching demonstrate the successful entry of vanadates from the sodium-roasted vanadium slag into the microemulsion. The proposed method successfully realizes the leaching and purification of vanadates in one step, thereby greatly reducing production costs and environmental pollution. It also offers a new way to achieve the green recovery of valuable metals from solid resources.     

铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣的硫酸浸出过程

针对铜阳极泥碱性加压氧化浸出渣开展硫酸浸出过程研究,考察硫酸浓度、温度、时间、液固比、搅拌速度和氧化方式等因素对浸出渣渣率和金属浸出率的影响.研究结果表明:金属浸出率随硫酸浓度的增加而提高,银的溶解尤为明显;硫酸浸出渣中未溶解的铜主要以单质存在,采用空气氧化方式可以提高铜的浸出率;在最佳条件即硫酸浓度为2.7 mol/L,温度为85℃,液固比为5∶1,时间为2h,空气压力为0.1～0.2 MPa和搅拌速度为300 r/min下,硫酸浸出渣率为60.0％,Cu和Te的浸出率分别为97.65％和77.53％,Ag和Sb的浸出率分别为8.95％和2.0％.     

Reductive leaching of indium from the neutral leaching residue using oxalic acid in sulfuric acid solution

The present study evaluates the reductive leaching of indium from indium-bearing zinc ferrite using oxalic acid as a reducer in sulfuric acid solution. The effect of main factors affecting the process rate, including the oxalic-acid-to-sulfuric-acid ratio, stirring rate, grain size,temperature, and the initial concentration of synergic acid, was precisely evaluated. The results confirmed the acceptable efficiency of dissolving indium in the presence of oxalic acid. The shrinking-core model with a chemical-reaction-controlled step can correctly describe the kinetics of indium dissolution. On the basis of an apparent activation energy of 44.55 k J/mol and a reaction order with respect to the acid concentration of 1.14, the presence of oxalic acid was found to reduce the sensitivity to temperature changes and to increase the effect of changes in acid concentration. Finally, the equation of the kinetic model based on the factors under study is presented.     

聚合硫浸取效率的研究

采用均匀设计理论,对影响聚合硫浸取效率的浸取温度、液固比及浸取时间等因素进行了研究,探讨了灰色理论在均匀设计试验影响因素分析中的应用。结果表明,采用均匀设计和灰色理论来研究浸取分离的影响因素并确定优化浸取条件的方法是行之有效的。     

聚合硫浸取效率的研究

采用均匀设计理论，对影响聚合硫浸取效率的浸取温度、液固比及浸取时间等因素进行了研究，探讨了灰色理论在均匀设计试验影响因素分析中的应用。结果表明，采用均匀设计和灰色理论来研究浸取分离的影响因素并确定优化浸取条件的方法是行之有效的。     

Biooxidation-thiosulfate leaching of refractory gold concentrate

A process of biooxidation followed by thiosulfate leaching of gold from refractory gold concentrate was investigated. Mineralogical studies on the concentrate showed that very fine gold grains(10 μm) were encapsulated in pyrite and arsenopyrite, while the proportion of monomer gold was only 21%. The gold-bearing sample was identified as a high-sulfur fine-sized wrapped-type refractory gold concentrate.The gold leaching efficiency obtained by direct cyanidation was only 59.86%. After biooxidation pretreatment, the sulfide minerals were almost completely decomposed, 92 wt% of the mineral particles of the biooxidation residue were decreased to 38 μm, and the proportion of monomer gold in the biooxidation residue was over 86%. Meanwhile, the gold content in the biooxidation residue was enriched to 55.60 g/t,and the S, Fe, and As contents were reduced to approximately 19.8 wt%, 6.97 wt%, and 0.13 wt%, respectively. Ammoniacal thiosulfate was used for gold extraction from the biooxidation residue of the refractory gold concentrate. The results showed that the optimal reagent conditions were 0.18 M thiosulfate, 0.02 M copper(II), 1.0 M ammonia, and 0.24 M sulfite. Under these conditions, a maximum gold leaching efficiency of 85.05% was obtained.     

用草酸在硫酸溶液中从中性浸出渣中还原浸出铟

The present study evaluates the reductive leaching of indium from indium-bearing zinc ferrite using oxalic acid as a reducer in sulfuric acid solution. The effect of main factors affecting the process rate, including the oxalic-acid-to-sulfuric-acid ratio, stirring rate, grain size, temperature, and the initial concentration of synergic acid, was precisely evaluated. The results confirmed the acceptable efficiency of dissolving indium in the presence of oxalic acid. The shrinking-core model with a chemical-reaction-controlled step can correctly describe the kinetics of indium dissolution. On the basis of an apparent activation energy of 44.55 kJ/mol and a reaction order with respect to the acid concentration of 1.14, the presence of oxalic acid was found to reduce the sensitivity to temperature changes and to increase the effect of changes in acid concentration. Finally, the equation of the kinetic model based on the factors under study is presented.