北极耐冷石油降解菌BJ1、BJ9和BJ19的降解特性

为对低温海域石油烃污染修复提供优良菌源,采用红外分光仪和气相色谱与质谱联用仪对北极耐冷石油降解菌BJ1、BJ9和BJ19的降解特性进行研究,结果显示:除BJ1-9外,其他混合菌群的降解率均大于单一菌株的降解率,盐度、pH、温度、初始油质量浓度、营养盐对石油降解率均有较大影响;BJ1、BJ9和BJ19以及混合菌群对柴油总烃的降解效率分别为55.25%、49.37%、50.76%和63.44%;BJ1、BJ9和BJ19以及混合菌群在单因素最好条件下对柴油芳香烃的降解效率分别为32.22%、19.87%、15.73%和7.33%;菌株在低温下优先降解短链烷烃,在7d内C18后的长链烷烃未被降解;BJ1、BJ9、BJ19和混合菌群对汽油和海燃油降解效果明显,而对原油和燃料油等降解效果较差.研究表明,该三株菌能够利用多种石油烃组分作为碳源生长并可降解多环芳烃,对碳源的利用具有广谱性.     

16种EPA-PAHs复合污染土壤的菌群修复

通过富集筛选获得一组PAHs降解混合菌群和3株降解单菌,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术分析混合菌群的组成,对16种多环芳烃(PAHs)复合污染土壤进行生物修复,同时考察混合菌群和单菌株在PAHs复合污染土壤中的生物修复效果。结果表明:混合菌群主要由3株已分离获得的降解单菌和5株未可分离培养的单菌组成;经过30 d的生物修复,混合菌群对土壤中总PAHs的降解率(54.17%)高于单一菌株(28.40%,31.95%,24.64%),并且对高相对分子质量PAHs的降解表现出了较大的优势,4环、5环、6环PAHs的降解率分别可达到71.26%、39.76%和42.86%;利用混合菌群来修复16种PAHs复合污染的土壤,可以避免一些未可分离培养的关键菌株的丢失,使PAHs的降解更加全面有效。     

大港油田本源微生物有氧降解原油半定量分析

为研究油藏本源微生物对原油中主要烃类的降解特性,利用大港油田采出水中的可培养微生物,以原油为唯一碳源,通过GC-MS技术分析不同降解时间下原油微生物降解情况。结果表明,原油成分可以被采出水中的可培养微生物降解,在5、15、25、60 d后正构烷烃的降解率分别达到79.75%,85.59%,94.96%,100%,且60 d后,多环芳烃(二环-四环)的降解率达到了62.50%~99.78%。     

高效石油降解菌株的筛选及菌群的构建

从海南澄迈油井周围污染的土壤中采集样品,以原油为唯一碳源,经初筛、复筛得到13株具降解石油性能的微生物,其中J-2、J-4、J-12、J-13菌株在培养10 d后,其石油降解率分别可达到27.92%、37.36%、30.98%和14.10%.选择这4株菌进行2株菌、3株菌、4株菌的混合培养,构建了11个降解石油的微生物体系,研究发现J-2与J-4混合菌群降解效果最好,高达71.58%,明显优于其他的混合菌群体系和单菌株的降解效果.根据形态学观察和生理生化特征对这4种菌株进行鉴定,初步确定为粉红头孢霉属(Cephaesosp),青霉属(Penicillium),链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas).     

湖泊湿地石油烃降解菌筛选与原油动-静态降解研究

筛选石油烃高效降解菌有利于石油污染湖泊湿地的原位修复。本文以原油为唯一碳源，从安庆湿地的石油烃污染水体中筛选出了一株原油高效降解菌，经形态学和16S rRNA测序鉴定为芽孢杆菌(命名为Bacillus sp.L1)。并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析了该菌在实验室动态(37°C,180 r/min)和静态(37°C,0 r/min)培养3个月的原油降解效果。原油动-静态降解结果发现该菌株在动态下对nC₁₃～nC₃₅(M/Z=85)的降解率在86%～100%之间；静态下nC₁₃～nC₁₉的降解率在95%～100%，但nC₂₀～nC₃₅的降解率在69%～97%之间，整体呈现随着分子量变大降解效率下降的趋势。与此同时，该菌在动-静态下均可以有效降解原油中烷基环己烷(M/Z=82)、烷基苯(M/Z=92)和烷基甲苯(M/Z=106)等组分，而且，对原油中大部分芳香族化合物也具有一定程度的降解，同时芳香族同系物家族内部各分子降解难易程度也存在差异。Baci...     

土壤石油高效降解菌的筛选、鉴定及其特性研究

从华中某油田石油污染土壤中分离筛选出了3株高效石油降解菌S-4、S-5和S-7,在30℃,200 r/min恒温摇床上震荡培养14 d后,石油烃降解率分别为41.60%、40.59%和43.53%。经16S r DNA基因序列鉴定,S-4、S-5和S-7分别属于肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和Kosakonia属。通过实验表明,菌株的最适降解pH为7,最佳氮源为硝酸铵(NH4NO3),最佳氮、磷比为5:1,在添加营养元素的条件下,经过48 d的降解,S-4、S-5和S-7菌株对土壤中石油烃总降解率分别为74.24%、71.66%和80.29%。     

陕北地区高效石油降解菌的筛选及其对油污土壤的修复研究

通过筛选陕北地区的高效石油降解菌,为后续的土壤修复提供优良的菌种资源。本研究的石油降解菌分离来自延安市延长县某油井的土壤样品,通过以石油为唯一碳源,进行筛选、富集培养和平板划线分离,得到可降解石油的菌株,并采用紫外可见分光光度法测量其对富集培养基中的石油降解率。利用PCR扩增技术对筛选的石油降解菌的16S r DNA序列进行扩增,通过对16S r DNA序列的测定和NCBI数据库集进行基因序列比对确定其种属;在被石油污染过土壤中加入筛选出的石油降解菌进行修复试验,经50 d的修复反应,测定石油降解菌对油污土壤中石油的降解效率;最后通过种植小麦检验石油降解菌的降解效果。共筛选出3株高效的可降解石油的菌株:W1、W3、N4,三株菌均可以在以石油为唯一碳源的环境中生长,它们在富集培养基中的石油降解率分别为42. 55%,37. 18%和33. 57%,利用分子生物学技术对三株菌进行鉴定,结果是W1菌株为假单胞菌属,W3菌株为芽孢杆菌属,N4菌株为红球菌属。在菌株对油污土壤修复的研究中,菌W1和菌W3分别对油污土壤进行50 d的降解,土壤中石油量得到很大程度的降解,W1菌株的降油率为52. 20%,W3菌株的降油率为47. 84%,修复后土壤的质量对于小麦的生长没有影响。通过本研究课题,为陕北地区石油污染土壤修复提供了优良的菌种资源,同时为陕北地区的石油污染土壤的微生物修复提供了一定的科学依据。     

石油降解菌群的构建及室内修复石油污染土壤的研究

为生物修复石油污染的土壤,采用排列组合法以石油降解率为指标筛选出高效石油降解菌群,制备游离及固定化菌剂,室内模拟石油污染的土壤并进行生物修复实验,采用气相–质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析降解前后石油成分的变化.结果表明:摇瓶培养条件下,由菌株10-1、10-2和10-3的种子浓缩液按体积比1﹕1﹕1的比例组成的10#菌群石油降解率最高(73.34%),且降解后除C18组分外,其他烷烃成分未被检出;在10%,的投菌量下,60,d后,10#菌群固定化菌剂组对室内石油污染土壤的石油降解率(32.5%)高于游离菌剂组(24.9%),且降解后其短链烷烃含量(11.42%)也高于游离菌剂组(7.91%)和空白组(5.12%).本文研究结果为10#菌群应用于野外石油污染土壤的修复奠定了基础.     

海洋石油烃降解菌群构建及其在降解过程中的动态分析

有针对性地选择了实验室从油污染的样品中富集筛选出来的6株细菌构建出一个石油烃降解菌群,采用PCR-DGGE结合平板计数监测法研究了该菌群在石油烃降解过程中的菌群结构变化.结果表明,能产生生物乳化剂的不动杆菌PN3-2在混合菌群中是稳定优势菌,专一性利用烷烃的食烷菌B-5是菌群拥有持久高效降解能力不可缺少的菌株,而降解后期的优势菌铜绿假单胞菌可能对烷烃代谢产物的清除有重要作用.本实验为人工构建有机污染物降解菌群提供了实践经验,并为大规模的生物修复实践奠定了基础.     

海洋石油烃降解菌群构建及其在降解过程中的动态分析

有针对性地选择了实验室从油污染的样品中富集筛选出来的6株细菌构建出一个石油烃降解菌群，采用PCR-DGGE结合平板计数监测法研究了该菌群在石油烃降解过程中的菌群结构变化．结果表明，能产生生物乳化剂的不动杆菌PN3-2在混合菌群中是稳定优势菌，专一性利用烷烃的食烷菌B-5是菌群拥有持久高效降解能力不可缺少的菌株，而降解后期的优势菌铜绿假单胞菌可能对烷烃代谢产物的清除有重要作用．本实验为人工构建有机污染物降解菌群提供了实践经验，并为大规模的生物修复实践奠定了基础．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that