QoS Support Polling Scheme for Multimedia Traffic in Wireless LAN MAC Protocol

Quality of service （QoS） support is a key attribute for multimedia traffic including video, voice, and data in wireless local area networks （LANs） but is limited in 802.11-based wireless LANs. A polling-based scheme called the point coordination function （PCF） was developed for 802.11 LANs to support the transmission of multimedia traffic. However, the PCF is not able to meet the desired practical traffic differentiation requirements for real-time data. This paper describes a QoS support polling scheme based on the IEEE 802.11 medium access control （MAC） protocol. The scheme uses a two-level polling mechanism with the QoS classes differentiated by two different access policies. Stations with higher priority traffic such as key or real-time data form the first level and can access the common channel through an exhaustive access policy. Other stations with lower priority traffic form the second level and can access the channel through a gated access policy. A system model based on imbedded Markov chain theory and a generation function were setup to explicitly analyze the mean information packet waiting time of the two-level polling scheme. Theoretical and simulation results show that the new scheme efficiently differentiates services to guarantee better QoS and system stability.     

IEEE 802.11e EDCA网络模型分析

IEEE 802.11e网络在介质访问层(M AC)对业务的服务质量(Q oS)提供支持,现有802.11e增强型分布式协调接入机制(EDCA)分析模型没有考虑站点内部调度算法的影响,所得结果与实际网络性能有一些偏差。该文提出了一种新型的EDCA分析模型。该模型采用M arkov链分析方法,以宏观多站点竞争信道为基础,充分考虑了内部调度算法在站点多业务竞争中产生的影响。分析了由于内部调度算法对不同业务吞吐率和延时性能产生的影响。仿真结果表明:该模型在描述EDCA性能上,比现有模型具有明显的优越性,特别是充分体现出内部调度算法对性能的影响。     

Two-Level Cross-Talked Admission Control Mechanism for QoS Guarantee in 802.11e EDCA

This paper describes a two-level cross-talked admission control mechanism that guarantees quality of service （QoS） requirements for multimedia applications over wireless local area networks （WLANs）. An enhanced distributed channel access analytical model is used to compute the maximum number of admitted users according to the QoS requirements and the packet arrival characters. Then, some channel resources are reserved for handoff calls based on the maximum number of admitted users and the call-level traffic model. The channel utilization ratio is also measured to reflect the current system traffic load. The maximum number of admitted users and the channel utilization ratio are used for admission control for applications with QoS requirements in the call level and for rate control of best effort applications in the packet level using the p-nonacknowledgement scheme. Thus, the QoS requirements are statistically guaranteed while the system is efficiently utilized. Simulations validate the effectiveness of this mechanism to guarantee the QoS and bandwidth utilization.     

On service differentiation in mobile Ad Hoc networks

A network model is proposed to support service differentiation for mobile Ad Hoc networks by combining a fully distributed admission control approach and the DIFS based differentiation mechanism of IEEE802.11. It can provide different kinds of QoS (Quality of Service) for various applications. Admission controllers determine a committed bandwidth based on the reserved bandwidth of flows and the source utilization of networks. Packets are marked when entering into networks by markers according to the committed rate. By the mark in the packet header, intermediate nodes handle the received packets in different manners to provide applications with the QoS corresponding to the pre-negotiated profile. Extensive simulation experiments showed that the proposed mechanism can provide QoS guarantee to assured service traffic and increase the channel utilization of networks.     

提供QoS保证的WiMAX Mesh网络架构设计

为解决IEEE 802.16-2004标准中Mesh模式缺乏QoS(Quality of Service)保证机制的问题,提出了新的支持QoS保证的WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)Mesh网络架构。该架构使用原标准已有业务分类,定义了动态业务流建立的协议流程。通过拓展分布式管理消息实现了动态业务管理消息在WiMAX Mesh中的传递。改进Mesh模式下数据子帧分配方法,提供了不同业务的数据调度。改进的分布式调度消息可以快速地`完成业务流建立,数据子帧的分配方法则对不同级别业务提供了吞吐量和时延方面的支持。该架构设计可以有效地实现WiMAX Mesh网络服务质量保证。     

蜂窝移动通信中流动性业务的信道分配

通过对流动性力务信道分配问题的研究,阐明了在流动性业务条件下,混合信道分配能够达到最佳性能,提出了一种优化的混合信道分配（ＯＨＣＡ）方案,分析并给出了该方案中动静信道比的定量关系,分析表明：动态信道与信道的比列与业务量变化的大小以及相应的服务等级有关。通过仿真证明,该ＯＨＣＡ方案与现有的固定信道分配（ＦＣＡ）和动态信道分配（ＤＣＡ）方案相比,具有较小的呼阻率和较高的频谱利用率,可用来处理局部热点问     

基于CFB模式的802.11e EDCA网络研究

IEEE 802.11 DCF作为无线局域网介质访问层基本协议未考虑优先级,而IEEE 802.11e EDCA协议在数据竞争接入信道时引入了优先级的概念,不同级别的业务流可采用不同的信道接入参数.EDCA机制允许采用CFB(竞争空闲突发)模式,即站点在整个TXOP持续时间内都能对媒体进行控制,可减少竞争信道的时间.不同的业务流在以上三种MAC接入机制是否能得到服务质量保证是本文要解决的问题.本文比较复杂拓扑结构下DCF,EDCA和EDCA+ CFB三种模式系统的性能,仿真结果证明EDCA+ CFB模式能进一步提高多优先级业务流的服务质量,保证高优先级业务流的吞吐量和丢包率、延迟等性能.     

多用户分布式与集中式天线系统传输容量的分析与比较

为了能够对多用户条件下分布式和集中式天线系统所支持的用户分布密度和服务质量进行定量地比较,提出了一种基于随机几何的性能分析方法.当用户在小区内服从泊松分布时,这种方法可以得到精确的分布式与集中式天线系统的传输容量表达式.从分布式天线系统的传输容量表达式可以发现,在给定用户分布密度时,为了满足一定的服务质量要求,用户的接入距离存在一个上限.分析和仿真结果表明,在相同条件下,与集中式天线系统相比,分布式天线系统能够容纳更多的用户和支持更高的服务质量要求.     

Design and Analysis of Prioritized Medium Access Control Protocol for Backbone Routers in Wireless Mesh Networks

A Prioritized Medium Access Control (P-MAC) protocol is proposed for wireless routers of mesh networks with quality-of-service provisioning. The simple yet effective design of P-MAC offers strict service differentiation for prioritized packets. A Markov model is developed to yield important performance matrices including the packet blocking probability due to queue overflow and the packet reneging probability due to delay bound. It is further proved that the service time of P-MAC approximates exponential distribution, and can be effectively estimated. The analytic models with preemptive and non-preemptive schemes, validated via simulations, show that P-MAC can effectively support traffic differentiation and achieve very low packet dropping (both reneging and blocking) probabilities when the traffic load is below the channel capacity. When the network is overloaded, P-MAC can still maintain extremely stable and high channel throughput. Moreover, it is demonstrated that P-MAC performs superior in multihop networks, further proving the advantages of the proposed protocol.     

基于TCP_IP报头分析和主动测试的DDoS攻击响应机制

为了抵御分布式拒绝服务攻击(DDoS),必须解决的一个关键问题是如何有效地从正常的数据流中隔离出攻击流。文章提出了基于TCP_IP报头分析和主动测试的响应机制:使用动态更新的规则集来分析TCP_IP报头以抵御如UDP Flood这类的无连接攻击,通过主动测试机制来抵御面向连接的攻击。仿真结果验证了该机制的有效性。     

基于延时状态统计的分布式QoS路由算法

为了克服网络状态的不准确性给服务质量(QoS)路由机制带来的负面影响,针对延时约束最小代价(DCLC)路由问题,提出了一种基于延时状态统计的分布式路由算法(DSS-DRA)。根据延时状态的稳定性程度预测路径状态的不准确性,并结合概率选路,为到来业务探测寻找满足其QoS要求的DCLC路径。仿真及其分析表明,DSS-DRA能够较好地容忍不准确的网络状态信息,在路由性能以及DCLC问题的解决能力方面具有较为明显的优势,同时与泛洪探测等方法相比,可以较好地减小探测开销,而与最小延时等算法相比,当网络重载时,能够以略微增加的开销为代价换取较大的性能改进。     

基于延时状态统计的分布式QoS路由算法

为了克服网络状态的不准确性给服务质量(QoS)路由机制带来的负面影响,针对延时约束最小代价(DCLC)路由问题,提出一种基于延时状态统计的分布式路由算法(DSS-DRA)。根据延时状态的稳定性程度预测路径状态的不准确性,并结合概率选路,为到来业务探测寻找满足其QoS要求的DCLC路径。仿真及其分析表明:DSS-DRA能够较好地容忍不准确的网络状态信息,在路由性能以及DCLC问题的解决能力方面具有较为明显的优势;同时,与泛洪探测等方法相比,可以较好地减小探测开销,而与最小延时等算法相比,当网络重载时,能够以略微增加的开销为代价换取较大的性能改进。     

Genetic approach for Cell-by-Cell dynamic spectrum allocation in the heterogeneous scenario

<正> In this paper,a genetic algorithm (GA) is investigated to deal with cell-by-cell dynamic spectrumallocation (DSA) in the heterogeneous scenario with temporal and spatial traffic demand changes,whichis also known as a difficult combinatorial optimization problem.A new two-dimensional chromosome encodingscheme is defined according to characteristics of the heterogeneous scenario,which prevents forminginvalid solutions during the genetic operation and enables much faster convergence.A novel randomcoloring gene generation function is presented which is the basic operation for initialization and mutationin the genetic algorithm.Simulative comparison demonstrates that the proposed GA-based cell-by-cellDSA outperforms the conventional contiguous DSA scheme both in terms of spectral efficiency gain andquality of service (QoS) satisfaction.     

OBS网络中基于改进波长分组技术的QoS策略

在光突发交换（optical burst switching,OBS）网络中如何支持服务质量（quality of service,QoS）是一个很重要的问题,为了能在对高优先级业务提供足够保障的同时,尽量减小低优先级业务的丢包率,提出一种能有效支持QoS的新方案.该方案在改进的波长分组预留策略（improved wavelength grouping,IWG）基础上结合使用了最适合空隙填充算法（best fit-void filling,BF-VF）和光纤延迟线（fiber delay line,FDL）技术,可以根据各个优先级业务丢包率的变化情况,动态地调整各个优先级业务使用的波长数目,并且通过计算信道利用因子将数据突发调度到合适的信道Viod上,同时为调度失败的突发包提供了二次调度的机会.仿真结果表明,该算法可以在不同的网络状态下有效提高信道的利用率,降低整体丢包率,并能很好地支持QoS.     

MPLS网络中识别区分服务约束路由方案QoS评价

区分服务不能提供端到端的 QoS,完成端到端的 QoS 需要流量工程通过 MPLS 和基于约束的路由算法方案实现。基于路径计算算法和 LSP 类型构建了四种识别区分服务的 CBR 方案。并提出一个建议方案,为每一种区分服务等级使用不同的路由计算算法。通过模拟每对节点间的声音流量和数据流量的路径调节,评价了由以上五种识别区分服务的 CBR 方案所达到的 QoS,结果显示建议方案能够为每一类流量提供更好的 QoS。     

基于缓存的双动态无线接入算法

提出了一种新的无线网络中的可用于实时及非实时业务的呼叫接纳控制算法(DDT-Q算法),通过动态调节双门限的阅值,并对溢出的非实时业务进行缓存,同时为兼顾非实时业务的VBR特性而采用了动态调节分配带宽的方法.大量的分析及仿真实验的结果均表明,该算法能够同时满足给定的实时及非实时业务服务质量要求,并使系统整体资源利用率达到最大.     

分组码分多址系统话音/数据业务性能分析

基于话音和数据业务各自不同的服务质量（QoS)要求，提出了一种综合话音／数据业务的码分多址（CDMA）系统接入控制方案，设定话音业务优先级高于数据业务，且限制话音用户最大可用码道数量，以保证数据业务的吞吐量，仿真结果表明，该方案充分利用了通话间隙，从而避免浪费有限的频带资源，提高了数据业务的传输效率。     

APON接入系统分布式分层调度算法

基于ATM的无源光网络（APON）为分布式煤质共享结构，所承载业务的QoS要求各异，如何在保证传输效率的同时满足用户对服务质量的需求，是APON接入控制算法的关键，文中提出了分布式分层调度方案，辚各类业务提供不同的QoS保证，并通过仿真对业务的时延和时延抖动特性进行了分析，结果表明，该算法优于GlobalFIFO等调度方式。     

一种抖动窗口自适应的航空通信MAC协议QoS机制

根据面向“时敏目标”打击的航空通信系统信息传输要求,提出了一种差分服务媒质接入控制协议。协议采用多信道随机接入机制,通过信道忙闲程度自适应地调整各优先级业务的发送时延抖动窗口的方法,为各优先级业务提供差分服务。在分组排队阶段,建立了 M／G／1／K 排队模型,得到了稳定状态下发送缓冲区队列长度的概率;在分组服务阶段,建立了突发时延抖动自适应模型,得到了分组的平均服务时间;在分组传播阶段,建立了突发碰撞模型,得到了分组成功传播概率;然后推导了该协议的平均时延、传输成功率和系统吞吐量等性能指标的理论表达式,并给出了最大抖动窗口的设置原则。仿真结果表明,协议大大提高了系统重负载情况下高优先级业务的实时性和可靠性,适用于区分业务优先级且对高优先级业务的实时性和可靠性要求很高的航空通信组网系统。     

无线局域网中一种提供服务质量的自适应算法

IEEE802.11e在信道负载增加和信道性能恶化的情况下为优先级流提供QoS时,系统性能存在不稳定性.针对该问题提出一种新的自适应MAC算法(MEDCF),站点根据网络中的负载情况和信道的误码率自动调整竞争窗口大小、退避时间及数据帧长度.使信道在不同的负载和变化的信道特性下都能够在稳定系统吞吐量的同时,保证不同优先级数据流对QoS的需求.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.