淬火分配处理对高碳钢组织、力学性能和磨损性能的影响

The present work employed the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis techniques to identify the microstructural evolution and mechanical and abrasive behavior of high carbon steel during quenching-partitioning treatment with an aim to enhance the toughness and wear resistance of high carbon steel. Results showed that, with the increase in partitioning temperature from 250 to 400°C, the amount of retained austenite (RA) decreased resulting from the carbide precipitation effect after longer partitioning times. Moreover, the stability of RA generally increased because of the enhanced degree of carbon enrichment in RA. Given the factors affecting the toughness of high carbon steel, the stability of RA associated with size, carbon content, and morphology plays a significant role in determining the toughness of high carbon steel. The analysis of the wear resistance of samples with different mechanical properties shows that hardness is the primary factor affecting the wear resistance of high carbon steel, and the toughness is the secondary one.     

原位自生(Ti;W)C颗粒增强铁基复合材料的组织研究

采用中频感应电炉熔炼Fe-W,Fe-Ti和Fe-C合金,通过控制熔炼温度、熔炼时间获得了(Ti,W)C/Fe复合材料,采用扫描电镜分析了复合材料的微观结构,利用X射线分析了相组成.结果表明,提高熔炼温度或延长熔炼时间可保证熔体中(Ti,W)C的充分形成,同时通过适当提高冷却速率可获得(Ti,W)C作为惟一增强相的Fe基复合材料.(Ti,W)C比较均匀地分布在熔体中,减小与熔体间的密度差,因此可获得比较均匀的凝固组织.     

原位混杂增强钛基复合材料的制备与组织分析

理论上分析了由Ti-B4C-C系原位自生制备TiB晶须(TiBw)和TiC颗粒(TiCp)混杂增强钛基复合材料的可行性. 运用热分析方法(DSC)研究了一定量的钛粉、碳化硼粉与碳粉的混合粉末在加热过程中的反应情况. 结果显示复合材料原始粉末加热过程中在940～1 150 ℃这一温度范围内发生剧烈的放热现象,有可能生成了新相. XRD检测分析结果显示在烧结态材料中形成了TiB与TiC,而且TiC的含量随所添加的C含量增加而增加. OM与SEM分析表明复合材料中存在棒状TiB晶须和近似等轴状TiC颗粒两种不同形态的增强体,并且两种增强种体均匀的分布在基体中. 实验结果表明,可以采用反应热压法由Ti-B4C-C系制备原位自生TiB晶须和TiC颗粒混杂增强的钛基复合材料.     

原位生成TaB_2颗粒增强镍基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ta粉、B粉和Ni60A粉为原料,利用氩弧熔覆技术在Q235钢基体表面制备原位生成TaB_2颗粒以增强Ni基复合涂层。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计以及摩擦磨损试验机对复合涂层的显微组织、物相、显微硬度以及涂层耐磨性进行分析研究。结果表明,镍基复合涂层形成良好,没有气孔和裂纹等缺陷,涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合。熔覆层由原位生成的TaB_2颗粒相、Fe-Cr相及Cr_7C_3相组成。TaB_2颗粒弥散分布在基体上,氩弧熔覆涂层的平均显微硬度达到11.50 GPa,比基体Q235钢提高约4倍。在室温干滑动磨损条件下,该熔覆涂层的耐磨性比基体提高约12倍。     

表面处理对玻纤/碳纤增强橡胶基密封复合材料性能的影响

采用压延成张工艺制备碳纤维和玻璃纤维混杂增强非石棉橡胶基密封复合材料(NAFC),以横向抗拉强度作为表征混杂增强橡胶基密封材料中纤维与橡胶界面粘结性能的指标.通过扫描电镜(SEM)对材料横向拉伸试样断口进行形貌分析,及对材料的耐油、耐酸、耐碱性能进行测试,探讨了不同表面处理工艺对纤维与基体界面粘结效果的影响.研究结果表明,对玻璃纤维采用偶联剂KH550浸渍后涂覆环氧树脂涂层,对碳纤维在空气氧化后涂覆环氧树脂涂层,可有效增强纤维、基体的界面粘结,所制得的混杂纤维增强复合材料具有较好的机械性能和耐介质性能.     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能预测

利用有限元软件ABAQUS作为建模计算平台,应用Python语言编程,实现了纤维增强复合材料有限元模型中纤维体积分数含量的控制和各向异性材料局部坐标与整体坐标下输出变量的转换,对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的基本力学性能进行了预测,提出了预测纤维增强复合材料基本力学性能的新方法.可对不同性能的纤维、基体材料、不同纤维体积分数含量、不同纤维铺设铺层角度、不同加载方向的纤维增强复合材料的力学性能进行预测.     

搅拌铸造法制备石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的组织和力学性能研究

石墨烯增强铝基复合材料满足轻量化用材的同时兼具良好的力学性能,是一种极具应用前景的复合材料。通过粉末混合、压坯和热还原,制备了含石墨烯的预制块,并将其作为中间体在搅拌铸造过程中加入,成功制备了石墨烯增强铝基复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射仪等表征了复合材料的微观组织结构;通过力学性能测试,研究了石墨烯含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。表征结果表明,搅拌铸造法制备的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料中石墨烯结构完整,复合材料的晶粒得到明显细化。拉伸试验表明,石墨烯质量分数为0.4%的铝基复合材料的综合力学性能最佳,抗拉强度、屈服强度和维氏硬度分别较同条件下制备的纯铝提高了55%、47%和63%。断裂机制研究结果表明,随着石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂。     

TiC增强Fe3Al基复合材料的显微组织与力学性能

运用原位合成反应工艺制备了TiC颗粒增强Fe3Al基复合材料 .显微分析研究表明 ,在Fe3Al中引入TiC颗粒 ,可以有效地细化材料的显微组织 ,从而改善材料的热变形加工工艺性能 .TiC增强体不仅本身具有很高的热稳定性 ,而且也大幅度提高了复合材料的热稳定性 .对复合材料进行的一系列性能测试结果显示 ,在Fe3Al中加入TiC颗粒后 ,材料的室温和高温强度和抗蠕变性能得到显著提高 ,但是在一定程度上降低了材料的室温塑性     

原位内生颗粒增强铝基复合材料研究进展

综述了原位内生颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状,从增强相选择材料制备技术、界面表征、机械性能、反应机理等各个领域,详尽阐述了原位内生颗粒增强铝基复合材料的特点,并指出今后研究方向.     

短纤维增强脆性基复合材料破坏过程和力学性能研究

 研究短纤维增强脆性基复合材料在单轴拉伸荷载下的力学性能和破裂机理。采用基于细观损伤力学基础上开发的针对材料破坏过程的数值分析软件,考虑材料细观非均匀性,对复合材料的变形、损伤直至失稳破坏的全过程进行数值模拟。结果表明,加入短纤维后,材料试件的强度和韧性都比基体材料显著提高。短纤维强度的变化对复合材料试件的强度和刚度没有明显影响;而短纤维弹性模量的变化对复合材料试件的强度、刚度和韧性均影响明显,随着短纤维弹性模量的增加,复合材料试件的强度和刚度不断增加,但韧性却逐步降低。     

Influence of carbon-partitioning treatment on the microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite

The wear resistance of iron(Fe)-matrix materials could be improved through the in situ formation of vanadium carbide particles(VCp)with high hardness. However, brittleness and low impact toughness limit their application in several industries due to addition of higher carbon content. Carbon-partitioning treatment plays an important role in tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite. In this study, the influences of carbon-partitioning temperatures and times on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite were investigated. The experimental results indicated that a certain amount of retained austenite could be stabilized at room temperature through the carbon-partitioning treatment. Microhardness of in situ VCp-reinforced Fematrix composite under carbon-partitioning treatment could be decreased, but impact toughness was improved accordingly when wear resistance was enhanced. In addition, the enhancement of wear resistance could be attributed to transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) effect, and phase transformation was caused from γ-Fe(face-centered cubic structure, fcc) to α-Fe(body-centered cubic structure, bcc) under a certain load.     

热处理工艺对高碳贝氏体钢组织与力学性能的影响

借助OM、SEM、XRD等手段,对比研究了一步、两步等温贝氏体转变工艺及QPB(淬火+配分+贝氏体转变)工艺对高碳贝氏体钢(w(C)=0.79%)显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用一步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理试验钢时,当等温温度同为250℃,随着保温时间的延长,钢中贝氏体转变越充分,块状残余奥氏体尺寸降低,组织更为均匀细小;而在较低温度下(200℃)等温处理时,钢中残余奥氏体含量显著降低,贝氏体铁素体板条更细小,材料的强度和硬度提高,而塑性和韧性下降。两步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理(250℃×24 h+200℃×72 h)的试验钢中贝氏体铁素体板条平均尺寸约为82 nm,残余奥氏体体积分数为21.4%,获得了最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度达到2040 MPa,伸长率为12.5%,冲击韧性为21 J。QPB工艺提高了贝氏体转变速率,大大缩短了热处理时间,最终得到马氏体+贝氏体铁素体+残余奥氏体的组织,试验钢同时也获得了良好的强度和塑韧性。     

热处理工艺对低温贝氏体钢微观组织及力学性能的影响

利用SEM、EBSD、XRD及力学性能测试等手段,对比研究了一步、两步等温贝氏体转变及贝氏体转变+深冷处理工艺对低温贝氏体钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,相较于一步等温贝氏体转变工艺,两步等温贝氏体及贝氏体转变+深冷处理均可降低钢中块状残余奥氏体含量,细化晶粒;与两步等温贝氏体转变相比,深冷处理可以极大缩短工艺时间,所得材料在获得相近强度的同时,会牺牲部分韧性;两步等温贝氏体处理后,试验钢强塑积达到了19.66GPa·%,U型冲击吸收功可达80J,其综合力学性能最优。     

临界区退火处理对0．15C-1．5Mn-1．5Al冷轧TRIP钢相变和力学性能的影响

利用热膨胀仪、热处理实验、拉伸实验和X衍射实验研究了不同临界退火温度对0.15C-1.5Mn-1.5Al TRIP钢相变、残余奥氏体特征和力学性能的影响.结果表明:不同临界退火温度下的热膨胀曲线具有相同的变化过程,两相区奥氏体含量随临界退火温度的升高而上升,而其碳含量则下降;临界退火温度影响试样的残余奥氏体特征和力学性能,820℃退火处理时残余奥氏体的体积分数为14%,碳的质量分数为1.36%;力学性能也是820℃退火时最佳,强塑积可达25400 MPa.%,且变形过程中具有高的瞬时加工硬化指数(n值).     

锰对中锰耐磨钢组织形态及相变的影响

通过DIL805A热分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射、透射电子显微镜、力学分析等方法研究Mn对中锰耐磨钢组织形态、相变及力学性能的影响.随着Mn的质量分数以2％的增量从3％提高到9％,室温奥氏体含量逐渐增多,抗拉强度及硬度逐渐降低,抗拉强度和室温奥氏体体积分数都在5％到7％时变化明显,马氏体与奥氏体的位向关系发生改变,马氏体形态类型逐渐由亚结构以位错为主的板条状α马氏体变化为亚结构以位错、相变内孪晶和层错为主的束状细片α马氏体和细片状ε马氏体.     

低碳多相钢的组织调控与力学性能

采用优化后的临界区再加热—淬火—中温等温(T1、T2)热处理工艺,对具有不同前躯体组织的(0.22/0.17)C-(1.91/1.85)Mn-(1.32/0.94)Si两类热轧6 mm钢板分别进行处理,获得了具有铁素体、贝氏体、马氏体以及弥散分布于原奥氏体晶界、相界等处的残余奥氏体所构成的多相组织.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射以及电子背散射衍射分析技术等对不同热处理阶段钢的微观组织进行了表征.结果证实,采用不同的前躯体组织设计可以很好地调控临界区再加热逆转变奥氏体的组织形貌、比例以及碳含量,进而通过后续处理来实现对钢中多相组织的调控.前躯体为马氏体的0.22C钢,经T1工艺后获得了以针状铁素体为基体的多相组织,其强塑积超过了30 GPa.％;前躯体为铁素体+马氏体的0.17C钢经T2工艺后获得了以块状铁素体为基体的多相组织,其强塑积超过了27 GPa.％.     

Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process

We present a study concerning Fe–0.176C–1.31Si–1.58Mn–0.26Al–0.3Cr (wt%) steel subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests demonstrate that the microstructures primarily consist of lath martensite, retained austenite, lower bainite (LB), and a small amount of tempered martensite; moreover, few twin austenite grains were observed. In the microstructure, three types of retained austenite with different sizes and morphologies were observed: blocky retained austenite (~300 nm in width), film-like retained austenite (80–120 nm in width), and ultra- fine film-like retained austenite (30–40 nm in width). Because of the effect of the retained austenite/martensite/LB triplex microstructure, the specimens prepared using different quenching temperatures exhibit high ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Furthermore, the strength effect of LB can partially counteract the decreasing strength effect of martensite. The formation of LB substantially reduces the amount of retained austenite. Analyses of the retained austenite and the amount of blocky retained austenite indicated that the carbon content is critical to the total elongation of Q&P steel.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

多级热处理对TC21钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

Duplex-structured TC21 alloy samples were first solution-treated at a higher temperature in the α + β region (940°C) with furnace cooling (FC), air cooling (AC), and water cooling (WC), followed by a second-stage solution treatment at a lower temperature in the α + β region (900°C), and then finally aged at 590°C. The effects of the morphology and quantity of α phases on the structure and properties of the TC21 alloy after the different heat treatments were analyzed. The in-situ tensile deformation process and crack propagation behavior were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantity of equiaxed α phases as well as the thickness of lamellar α phases reduced, the tensile strength increased firstly and then decreased, the elongation decreased with the increasing cooling rate after the first-stage solution treatment. The amount and size of lamellar α phases increased after the second-stage solution treatment because of sufficient diffusion of the alloying elements, thereby leading to increased tensile strength. The amount of dispersed α phases increased after the third-stage aging treatment owing to the increase in the nucleation rate, resulting in a noteworthy strengthening effect. After the third-stage aging treatment, the first-stage FC sample exhibited better mechanical properties because it contained more equiaxed α and β_trans phases than the first-stage AC and WC samples.