三甲基四氢喹啉杂环染料的研究 Ⅰ.三甲基四氢喹啉及其衍生物的合成

研究了芳胺与丙酮反应合成三甲基二氢喹啉及其衍生物的方法，以间甲苯胺为 原料，用甲苯共沸脱水、对申苯磺酸为催化剂，四甲基二氢喹啉收率为７６％， ＨＰＬＣ分析无杂质峰；用核磁共振谱测定了合成的三种三甲基二氢喹啉衍生物的结 构，用间位取代芳胺为原料时，得到的是７－位取代的三甲基二氢喹啉衍生物；提出 了三甲基二氢喹啉及７－甲基衍生物无溶剂加氢方法，以２，２，４，７－四甲基－１，２－二氢喹啉 为原料，用 ８２＃兰尼镍加氢，收率达９５％，产品纯度大于 ９８％．     

2—氮杂—1，3—丁二类类化合物的反应

综述了2－氮志－1,3－丁二烯类化合物的主要反应,如：Diels-Alder反应,聚合反应,水解反应,亲核加成反应等。     

2,4,6,8-四取代-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环[3,3,0]辛烷的合成

高能量密度材料是武器能源和威力的体现,炸药分子中引入环状结构有利于提高其能量密度。２,４,６,８－四硝基－２,４,６,８－四氮杂双环［３,３,０］辛烷（双环ＨＭＸ）的能量密度要高于１,３,５,７－四硝基－１,３,５,７－四氮杂环辛烷（ＨＭＸ）。该文利用苄胺、甲醛、乙二醛之间进行的缩合反应以及亚甲基二乙酰胺、亚甲基二硝胺与乙二醛之间的亲核加成反应合成了３种双环ＨＭＸ的母体２,４,６,８－四取代－２,４,６,８－四氮杂双环［３,３,０］辛烷,并给出了相应的结构分析结果。     

α-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-β-芳胺基丙烯腈的合成及生物活性

利用芳胺与中间体α－（1H－1，2，4-三唑－1－基）－β－芳胺基丙烯腈腈盐酸盐（2）的亲核取代反应，合成了一系列目标化合物α－（1H－1，2，4-三唑－1－基）－β－芳胺基丙烯腈（3a-3r)，所有化合物均经元素分析和^1H NMR确定，由^1H NMR分析结果推断为E式构型，初步生物活性测定结果表明，部分化合物有一定的杀菌活性。     

相转移催化法合成亚苯基-1,4-二芳酰基及二芳氧乙酰基二硫脲衍生物

以对苯二胺及芳酸或芳氧乙酰等为原料，PEG－600为催化剂，用固－液相转移催化法合成了10个新的亚苯基－1，4－二芳酰基及二芳氧乙酰基二硫脲衍生物。用元素分析，^1H NMR及IR鉴定了其结构，并对合成方法进行了探讨。     

7β-(1-芳基-5-甲基-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酰胺基)-3-(2-芳胺基-1,3,4-噻二唑-5-硫亚甲基)头孢菌素衍生物的半合成和抗菌活性

通过2－芳胺基－1，3，4－噻二唑－5－硫醇1a,1b和头孢菌素母体7－ACA的亲核取代反应，先制得头孢菌素新母体1a,1b,用1－芳基－5－甲基－1，2，3－三唑－4－甲酰氯3a,3b与2a,2b缩合，制得头孢菌素新衍生物4a,4b。初步体外抗菌试验结果表明，所合成的头孢菌素衍生物4a,4b对革兰氏阳性菌显示出中等程度的抑制活性。     

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高能量密度材料是武器能源和威力的体现,炸药分子中引入环状结构有利于提高其能量密度。2,4,6,8-四硝基-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环［3,3,0］辛烷(双环HMX)的能量密度要高于1,3,5,7-四硝基-1,3,5,7-四氮杂环辛烷(HMX)。该文利用苄胺、甲醛、乙二醛之间进行的缩合反应以及亚甲基二乙酰胺、亚甲基二硝胺与乙二醛之间的亲核加成反应合成了3种双环HMX的母体2,4,6,8-四取代-2,4,6,8-四氮杂双环［3,3,0］辛烷,并给出了相应的结构分析结果。     

2-氮杂-1,3-丁二烯类化合物的反应

综述了2-氮杂-1,3-丁二烯类化合物的主要反应,如Diels-Alder反应,聚合反应、水解反应、亲核加成反应等.     

膦亚胺参与的氮杂迈克尔加成反应合成3,4-二氢吖啶-1(2H)-酮类衍生物

利用贝里斯-希尔曼反应构建含叠氮基的分子骨架,经施陶丁格反应合成膦亚胺叶立德,再以膦亚胺叶立德为迈克尔给体,经由分子内氮杂迈克尔加成反应合成了具有生物学功能的3,4-二氢吖啶-1(2H)-酮类衍生物.该方法丰富了膦亚胺作为亲核试剂进行氮杂迈克尔加成的方法学研究,所有化合物均经过核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、高分辨质谱和红外光谱进行结构确认.     

二价硅化合物的研究（Ⅰ）2，5－二叔丁基－1－硅杂－2，5－二氮杂－3－环戊烯硅烯的合成

用３０％乙二醛与叔丁基胺反应，生成双核乙二醛缩叔丁基胺西夫碱，在ＴＨＦ中，与锂、四氯化硅反应，生成１，１－二氯－２，５－二叔丁基－１－硅杂－２，５－二氮杂－３－环戊烯，再与金属钾反应，生成２，５－二叔丁基－１－硅杂－２，５－二氮杂－３－环戊烯硅烯，用元素分析和１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ（Ｃ６Ｄ６）作了鉴定．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that