铝铜连接的感应钎焊工艺

为使钎焊技术进一步提高,采用Zn-Al钎料对Al与Cu进行了感应钎焊连接研究,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和室温压剪试验等分析手段对接头的微观组织和室温剪切强度进行实验。结果表明,利用Zn-Al钎料可以实现Al与Cu的连接;接头的界面结构为Al/Al基固溶体＋Al-Zn共晶组织＋CuAl2金属间化合物/（Cu,Zn）固溶体层/Cu;在电流为340 A、时间为9 s的钎焊条件下,接头的剪切强度在室温下达到128.5 MPa。     

无镀镍铜铝低温钎焊工艺研究

运用感应加热工艺,开发了低成本且工艺简单的无镀镍铜铝复合材料的低温分层钎焊法。试验了4种铝用钎料及其钎焊工艺代替电镀镍作为铝表面镀层,解决了铜板与铝板之间的焊接问题。观察了焊接区域的界面形貌、断后形貌,测量了焊接件的剪切强度。结果表明,高低温钎料分层钎焊工艺可以实现铜铝板的有效连接,所获得的铜铝焊接件剪切强度最高可达26 MPa,焊接区域无明显的焊接缺陷;刮擦钎焊既可以搭配高温钎料,也可以搭配低温钎料使用,并且焊接件的剪切强度能达到行业要求。     

烧结压力对铜粉放电等离子烧结的影响规律

研究了平均粉末粒度为1μm的铜粉在不同压力条件下的放电等离子烧结过程,系统分析了压坯的密度和微观组织与烧结升温阶段的初始压力和保压压力之间的关系. 结果表明:烧结温度为800℃,初始压力为1MPa,保压压力为50MPa的烧结工艺,可以制备相对密度大于98%,平均晶粒度小于10μm的烧结铜. 同时发现,采用SPS工艺制备的烧结铜沿厚度方向存在不同于传统双向压制的密度分布,SPS烧结铜的表面密度低于心部密度.     

加镍过渡层钛合金/不锈钢网的扩散连接技术

研究TC4镣合金与00Crl8Nil0不锈钢网加Ni中间过渡层时的扩散连接工艺、接头微观组织及其力学性能．结果表明，扩散层由较薄单层TiNi或较厚Ti2Ni／TiNi／TiNi3多层脆性相组成时，接头强度偏低；当过渡层镍箔厚30μm时，最佳连接工艺参数为：连接温度θ＝850℃、连接比压力p＝10MPa、连接时间t＝10—15min，接头剪切强度比直接连接时提高近一倍，达146MPa，且连接试样无明显变形．     

钛合金/镍/不锈钢网的扩散连接技术

研究了以Ni为中间过渡层时，钛合金与不锈钢网的扩散连接技术，分析了影响扩散连接的主要因素和接头微观组织，确定了最佳工艺参数，并获得了剪切强度达146MPa的无变形接头。     

纳米Ni对Ti/Al2O3复合材料力学性能的影响

在烧结温度为1400℃、升温速率为20℃/min、保温时间为60 min的工艺条件下,采用真空热压烧结技术制备Ti/Al2O3金属陶瓷复合材料。研究掺加纳米Ni对材料力学性能的影响及强韧化机理。结果表明,纳米Ni的添加可以有效抑制Ti-Al2O3之间的界面反应,提高材料的力学性能,改善材料的物相组分;当掺入Ni的体积分数为3%时,材料的致密度为98.91%,弯曲强度为384.27 MPa、断裂韧性为8.02 MPa·m1/2、显微硬度为16.16 GPa。     

纳米Ni对Ti/Al_2O_3复合材料力学性能的影响

在烧结温度为1400℃、升温速率为20℃/min、保温时间为60 min的工艺条件下,采用真空热压烧结技术制备Ti/Al2O3金属陶瓷复合材料。研究掺加纳米Ni对材料力学性能的影响及强韧化机理。结果表明,纳米Ni的添加可以有效抑制Ti-Al2O3之间的界面反应,提高材料的力学性能,改善材料的物相组分;当掺入Ni的体积分数为3%时,材料的致密度为98.91%,弯曲强度为384.27 MPa、断裂韧性为8.02 MPa·m1/2、显微硬度为16.16 GPa。     

B_4C陶瓷材料的无压烧结与性能

以碳化硼微粉作为原料,选用SiC和C为烧结助剂,研究了SiC和C对无压烧结B4C材料的体积密度、硬度、抗折强度和断裂韧性等性能的影响.结果表明,最佳烧结温度为1975℃,保温时间是30min.SiC和C的质量分数对材料密度、硬度和抗折强度的影响都是先增大后减小.烧结助剂SiC和C的最佳添加量分别为6%和5%(质量分数)时,得到相应的无压烧结B4C陶瓷材料的最佳力学性能:体积密度为2.45g/cm3,维氏硬度为35GPa,抗折强度为240MPa,断裂韧性为3.0MPa.m1/2     

SPS工艺对CuCr/CNTs复合材料组织性能的影响

放电等离子烧结（SPS）工艺可以实现快速烧结成型,且制备出的复合材料致密度高、硬度高、导电和导热性能好、晶粒尺寸均匀.在采用化学气相沉积（CVD）法原位合成分布均匀的CuCr/CNTs复合粉末的基础上,运用不同的SPS工艺制备CuCr/CNTs复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、偏光显微镜、数字金属导电率测试仪、微拉伸试验机、显微硬度计等对其组织性能进行表征.结果表明,当烧结温度为750 ℃,烧结压力为45 MPa,烧结时间为10 min,升温速率为80 ℃/min时,制备的CuCr/CNTs复合材料的组织和性能较佳,导电率、硬度和抗拉强度分别为86.8%IACS、95.8（HV）、178 MPa.     

空气等离子体炬改性连续玻纤束的工艺研究

玻璃纤维表面光滑且呈化学惰性，聚丙烯缺少极性官能团，导致玻璃纤维与聚丙烯之间的界面润湿性能较差。为了提升玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（GFRP）复合材料的界面结合性能，设计并搭建了空气等离子体炬处理装置，通过该装置在连续玻璃纤维束表面沉积SiO_x纳米颗粒，并测定了改性玻璃纤维的润湿性能和GFRP复合材料的界面剪切强度；采用响应曲面法（RSM）分析了喷嘴与纤维间的距离、载气流量、处理时间对玻璃纤维润湿性能的影响，并对这些工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明：当处理距离为20 mm、载气流量为1.5 L/min、处理时间为6 s时，与对照组相比，改性后的玻璃纤维与聚丙烯的接触角降低了49.8%，GFRP复合材料的界面剪切强度提高了94.7%；载气流量对玻璃纤维润湿性能的影响程度最大，处理时间次之，处理距离的影响最小。优化后的工艺参数为：喷嘴与纤维间的距离为18 mm，载气流量为1.7 L/min，处理时间为7 s。在此工艺条件下制备了空气等离子体炬改性的玻璃纤维，实测的接触角（24.6°）与预测值（25.0°）之间的偏差仅为1.6%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the