LaNi5合金储氢平台压力的模拟

基于密度泛函理论(DFT),采用线性缀加平面波展式结合改进的局域轨道方法(APW+lo)与量子化学热力学函数关系,计算LaNi5晶胞逐次吸1到7个氢过程中的标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数,从而得到333 K,373 K两个温度下平衡压的变化曲线,计算得到的模拟平台压与实验结果基本一致。     

3种卤化氟硼二吡咯染料的理论光谱计算

氟硼二吡咯(BODIPY)染料是一种新型的荧光染料,具备优良的光物理和光化学能性质,是近来化学研究的一个热点.通过密度泛函理论B3LYP/genecp的方法优化计算3种卤化BODIPY染料的分子结构,探讨了其分子结构与前线轨道、能量的关系.运用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算它们在气相和溶液相中的吸收光谱.理论吸收光谱证实3种卤化BODIPY分子随着吸电子原子的增加及分子对称性的变化导致不同程度的红移,并且最大吸收峰均来自HOMO→LUMO(π→π*)跃迁.     

团簇NiMo3P电子性质的研究

为了探究团簇NiMo3P的微观电子性质,在B3LYP泛函的条件下,文章采用Lanl2dz基组对Ni、Mo、P的价电子进行描述,并运用密度泛函理论(density functional theory,DFT)对团簇NiMo3 P进行优化计算后,得到9种优化构型,其中四重态4种,二重态5种.对团簇NiMo3 P的电子性质进...     

HfO2和Al2O3混合原子层沉积反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

密度泛函理论研究了用HfCl4和Al(CH3)3作为前体,HfO2和Al2O3在硅表面的原子层沉积的机理,其包括2个沉积半反应:(1)HfCl4和Al—OH*的表面反应;(2)Al(CH3)3和Hf—OH*的表面反应。计算结果表明,2个半反应过程机理相似,内禀反应坐标研究也表明2个半反应经历了相似的过渡态和副产物的消除路径。另外,升高反应温度,反应(1)中间体的解吸附作用增强,而活化能降低,反应(2)活化能基本不变。     

新型钾离子电池层状正极材料P3型K0.5MnO2的制备及储钾性能研究

【目的】钾离子电池具有低成本和能量密度高等优势,成为锂离子电池潜在的替代品,受到人们广泛的关注。但是,由于缺乏高比容量、循环寿命长的正极材料,使得这类新型电池的发展受到了限制。【方法】采用水热前驱体法、溶胶凝胶法和草酸盐共沉淀法制备了新型钾离子电池正极材料P3型K_0.5MnO₂.【结论】结果表明与其他两种方法相比,水热前驱体法制备的K_0.5MnO₂(H-K_0.5MnO₂)具有粗糙的表面和较多的内部孔隙,有利于电子的传递和提供更多的活性位点。H-K_0.5MnO₂电极在电流密度20 mA/g下,首周放电比容量最高,达到85 mAh/g, 60周循环后电极片的XRD和EIS测试结果表明在重复的脱嵌K⁺后,H-K_0.5MnO₂仍保持最稳定的结构以及最小的电荷传递阻抗。储钾性能研究的结果表明在高倍率下H-K_0.5MnO₂     

基于g-C3N4-Et3N体系的双电位比率MIP-ECL传感器检测多巴胺

石墨相氮化碳纳米薄片(g-C₃N₄NSs)是一种优良的电化学发光(ECL)材料,在三乙胺(Et₃N)为共反应剂时,阳极和阴极都能产生ECL信号,而多巴胺(DA)对其阳极信号产生猝灭作用,但不影响阴极信号.利用这一特点,结合分子印迹聚合物(MIP)技术,构建了一种检测DA的双电位比率MIP-ECL传感器.首先将掺杂有多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的g-C₃N₄NSs固定在玻碳电极(GCE)上,然后以DA作为模板分子,邻苯二胺(O-PD)作为功能化单体,通过电化学聚合法引入MIP膜,洗脱模板分子后的传感器对DA具有特异性识别能力,利用DA对传感器阴阳极信号不同的影响作用,实现了对DA的高选择灵敏检测.传感器对DA的线性响应范围为1.0×10^-10～3.0×10^-7 mol·L^-1,检出限(LOD)为0.063 nmol·L^-1(信噪比S/N为3),与非比率法相比,比率法的重现性得到了明显提高.     

CH_3X键断裂电子转移反应的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论 (DFT)研究CH3 X的键断裂电子转移反应。从几种计算方法的结果比较中选出B3 LYP的DFT方法。随后用B3 LYP方法优化CH3 X的结构 ;计算CH3 X的键断裂电子转移反应的能量变化 ;找到了过渡态并进行了验证。     

CHx(x=0～4)在γ-Al2O3(110D)表面吸附的密度泛函研究

使用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的Castep量子力学计算程序模块,对CHx(x=0～4)在γ-Al2O3(110D)表面吸附的位置,空间结构和能量进行了理论计算.计算结果表明,CHx(x=0～3)与表面形成强的相互作用.CH3,CH2物种处于表面八面体铝的正上方时,结构最为稳定;CH,C物种处在表面八面体铝和三配位氧的桥键位置时,体系的总能量最低.而CH4只与γ-Al2O3(110D)表面发生非常弱的相互作用,构成物理吸附.布居分析表明CHx(x=0～3)与表面作用时电子从表面向CHx转移.     

CH(X~2Π)与NH_3反应机理的量子化学研究

对CH(X2Π)自由基与NH3的反应进行了量子化学研究.分别在B3LYP/6311++G(d,p),B3LYP/6311++G(3df,3pd),MP2/6311++G(d,p)和MP2/6311++G(3df,3pd)水平优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,并在QCISD(T)/6311++G(3df,3pd)水平上计算了各驻点的能量.通过IRC计算确认了过渡态,确定了反应的机理.     

CH(X2Ⅱ)与NH3反应机理的量子化学研究

对CH(X2Ⅱ)自由基与NH3的反应进行了量子化学研究.分别在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p),B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd),MP2/6-311++G(d,p)和MP2/6-311++G(3df,3pd)水平优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,并在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(3df,3pd)水平上计算了各驻点的能量.通过IRC计算确认了过渡态,确定了反应的机理.     

Graphene-immobilized flower-like Ni_3S_2 nanoflakes as a stable binder-free anode material for sodium-ion batteries

A binder-free Ni_3S_2 electrode was prepared directly on a graphene-coated Ni foam(G/Ni) substrate through surface sulfiding of substrate using thiourea as the sulfur source in this work. The Ni_3S_2 showed a flower-like morphology and was uniformly distributed on the G/Ni surface. The flower-like Ni_3S_2 was composed of cross-arrayed nanoflakes with a diameter and a thickness of 1-2 μm and ~50 nm, respectively. The free space in the flowers and the thin feature of Ni_3S_2 buffered the volume changes and relieved mechanical strain during repeated cycling. The intimate contact with the Ni substrate and the fixing effect of graphene maintained the structural stability of the Ni_3S_2 electrode during cycling. The G/Ni-supported Ni_3S_2 maintained a reversible capacity of 250 mAh·g~(-1) after 100 cycles at 50 mAh~(-1), demonstrating the good cycling stability as a result of the unique microstructure of this electrode material.     

Electrochemical properties of CoFe3Sb12 as potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries

A skutterudite-related antimonide, CoFe3Sb12,was prepared with vacuum melting.XRD analysis showed the material contained Sb, FeSb2, CoSb2 and CoSb3 phases.The electrochemical properties of the ball-milled CoFe3Sb12-10wt% graphite composite were studied using pure lithium as the reference electrode. A maximal lithium inserting capacity of about 860 mAh/g was obtained in the first cycle.The reversible capacity of the material was about 560mAh/g in the first cycle and decreased to ca.320 mAh/g and 250 mAh/g after 10 and 20 cycles respectively.Ex-situ XRD analyses showed that the antimonides in the pristine material were decomposed after the first discharge and that antimony was the active element for lithium to insert into the host material.     

锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的研究进展

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂材料具有稳定、安全、寿命长等显著优点,是锂离子电池负极材料的研究热点。介绍了Li₄Ti₅O₁₂的结构特点和储能机制,对制备Li₄Ti₅O₁₂的高温固相合成法、微波合成法、溶胶凝胶法以及其他制备方法进行讨论和概述,同时对离子掺杂、表面包覆和形貌调控等改性研究进行了总结和评述。最后,对Li₄Ti₅O₁₂的发展前景进行了展望。     

High temperature electrochemical discharge performance of LaFeO3 coated with C/Ni as anode material for NiMH batteries

Perovskite LaFeO₃ is considered as a promising new anode material for nickel/metal hydride batteries due to its low cost, environmental friendliness and high temperature resistance. However, the poor conductivity of LaFeO₃ material restricts the discharge ability, which is problematic for its future widespread application. To solve the above issue, in this study, we prepared C/Ni-coated LaFeO₃ composite in view of the excellent electrical conductivity of carbon and nickel metal. Results show that the C/Ni-coated LaFeO₃ composite delivers remarkably increased discharge capacity of ～345 mAh g^?1 at 60 ?°C in contrast to ～267 mAh g^?1 for pure LaFeO₃. Furthermore, the carbon and nickel not only increase the electrical conductivity of the LaFeO₃ but also reduces the agglomeration of the LaFeO₃, therefore, the C/Ni-coated LaFeO₃ composite serves superior long cycle-life, which maintains 60.9% after 100 cycles (52.9% for the LaFeO₃ sample). In overall, the electrochemical behavior of the C/Ni-coated LaFeO₃ composite confirms its high potential as nickel/metal hydride batteries for energy storage applications.     

Hollow bismuth ferrite combined graphene as advanced anode material for sodium-ion batteries

Hollow bismuth ferrite nanofibers were fabricated via simple electrospinning process,and the storage properties of Na-ions were investigated by atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectrum(APXPS) and Synchrotron Radiation.The results show that the hollow bismuth ferrite nanotubes demonstrate impressive sodium storage properties and good cycling stability that the specific capacity can exceed 500 mA h g~(-1) and the cycle number reaches several hundred cycles.The graphene-coated bismuth ferrite nanotubes exhibit a specific capacity of600 mAhg~(-1)and a 89% capacity retention after 200 cycles.The present strategy can be a significant step to fabricate hollow perovskite oxides and serve as sodium ion batteries.     

特种石墨尾料用作锂离子电池负极的研究

特种石墨尾料具有低灰分、较高的石墨化度和较大的碳微晶尺寸等特点,有望用于锂离子电池的负极材料。通过XRD、SEM和比表面分析仪对特种石墨尾料石墨化处理前后样品的微观结构进行了分析对比,评价了其电化学性能,探讨了特种石墨尾料用于锂离子电池负极材料的可行性及对其进行石墨化处理的必要性。结果表明,特种石墨尾料可以直接用作低端负极材料的生产原料;经过高温石墨化处理后,负极材料的循环性能、首次库仑效率和可逆容量均得到不同程度提升,应用范围进一步扩大。     

炭气凝胶微球的制备及在锂离子电池负极材料中的应用

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,在催化剂和表面活性剂的作用下经溶胶-凝胶、超临界干燥、炭化等过程合成一种新型的炭气凝胶微球。采 用扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮吸附（BET）和充放电测试等表征了炭气凝胶微球微观形貌、结构和电化学性能。结果表明:炭气 凝胶微球具有纳米网络结构（孔径集中分布在3.5nm左右）,微球直径≤40μm,比表面积为555m²/g。电化学性能表现出很大的首次不可逆容量 损失,这主要与材料大的比表面积有关。但在首次循环后,具有良好的循环性能,循环20次后可逆充电容量为281mAh/g,循环效率达到100％ 。     

Modified disordered carbon prepared from 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride as an anode material for Li-ion batteries

To prepare an anode material for Li-ion batteries with high discharge capacity and good cycling stability, disordered carbon (DC) formed by calcinations of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride was modified via an acid treatment using a mixture of HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. The modified disordered carbon (MDC) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra confirm the successful introduction of carbonyl groups onto the DC surface. Some pores appear in the columnar structure of MDC, as observed in SEM micrographs. Li+ ions intercalation/deintercalation is facilitated by the modified morphology. Electrochemical tests show that the MDC exhibits a significant improvement in discharge capacity and cycling stability. These results indicate that the MDC has strong potential for use as an anode material in Li-ion batteries.     

Double carbon decorated lithium titanate as anode material with high rate performance for lithium-ion batteries

Spinel lithium titanate(Li_4Ti_5O_(12)) has the advantages of structural stability, however it suffers the disadvantages of low lithium-ion diffusion coefficient as well as low conductivity. In order to solve issues,we reported a simple method to prepare carbon-coated Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs(C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs) using stearic acid as surfactant and carbon source to prepare carbon coated nanosized particles. The obtained Li_4Ti_5O_(12) particles of 100 nm in size are coated with the carbon layers pyrolyzed from stearic acid and dispersed in CNTs matrix homogeneously. These results show that the synthesized C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs material used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, presenting a better high-rate performance(147 m Ahg~(-1)at20 C). The key factors affecting the high-rate properties of the C@Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs composite may be related to the synergistic effects of the CNTs matrix and the carbon- coating layers with conductivity enhancement. Additionally, the amorphous carbon coating is an effective route to ameliorate the rate capability of Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/CNTs.     

纳米Si3N4对反应烧结Si3N4结合SiC材料的影响

利用反应烧结机制，在1450℃制备了Si