金属组学方法研究生物体内汞和硒相互作用

 随着金属组学及金属组学研究技术的不断发展, 近年来, 金属组学研究技术, 如各种核分析技术, 同位素稀释(示踪)技术、同步辐射X 射线荧光分析(SR-XRF)、同步辐射X 射线吸收光谱(SR-XAS)技术等, 结合电泳、色谱、质谱等生化分离、分析技术, 应用于研究生物体内硒和汞的生物学行为及相互作用机制, 将该领域研究推向一个新的高度。硒是人体及动物维系生命活动所必需的微量元素之一, 对汞等重金属的毒性具有显著的拮抗作用。全面准确地了解生物体内汞和硒的分布和存在形式, 研究生物组织中汞的吸收、迁移、转化和蓄积过程以及硒对汞的这些生物学行为和效应的影响, 对于环境汞污染和汞毒性危害的控制具有现实意义, 同时有助于理解生物体内汞和硒的相互作用过程和机制。本文综述常用的金属组学方法在植物、动物和人体内汞和硒相互作用方面的研究进展。     

硒酵母的培养及其抑制肿瘤作用的分析

本文提出了一种培养硒酵母的方法.通过纸上色层R_f值的测定以及红外光谱的测定可以初步确定硒酵母中所含的硒化合物是硒代蛋氨酸.动物实验的结果表明,硒酵母具有一定的抑制肿瘤的作用.     

土壤-植物系统“硒-汞拮抗”研究进展综述

汞(Hg)是一种高毒性、全球性的持久性污染物,其各种形态中甲基汞的毒性较高.随着工业化进程的发展,土壤汞污染问题愈发严重,尤其是在中国内陆汞污染地区,稻米中甲基汞浓度超标问题亟待解决.水生系统中大量研究表明,"硒-汞拮抗"可显著降低汞的风险.然而对于陆生系统中硒-汞作用机理,尤其是土壤-植物体系中"硒-汞拮抗"的研究还处于起步阶段.近期研究发现,硒(Se)可以通过形成Hg-Se复合物将汞钝化或固定在土壤中或植物根部,且有效降低土壤中甲基汞的净生成量(如通过微生物作用生成)及其在植物中富集.土壤中"硒-汞作用"过程可能是控制土壤-水稻体系中"硒-汞拮抗"的关键过程,土壤氧化-还原条件变化过程中硒、汞和硫的生物地球化学行为(如微生物介导的形态变化),对土壤-植物体系中"硒-汞拮抗"的调节至关重要.归纳了土壤-植物体系中"硒-汞拮抗"的最新研究进展,总结其可能的内在机制,并对其未来的研究方向提出建议.     

硒的形态分析进展

硒的形态分析对于了解不同形态的硒化合物在生物体和环境中的迁移转化规律具有重要意义，查阅大量国内外关于硒的形态研究论文，从样品预处理，分离富集，分析测定整个程序上对近年来硒的形态分析进展作了较全面综述，同时对新型联用技术在硒形态分析上的应用作了相应论述，以期达到对硒的形态分析深入研究具有参考借鉴作用。     

萃取-分光光度法测定污水中汞的研究

研究了萃取-分光光度法测定污水中的汞.考察了萃取剂的种类、酸度及萃取试剂体积等因素对萃取率的影响.在pH为3.7的甲酸-甲酸钠缓冲溶液中,HgI42-和[Fe(phen)3]2 以1∶1的络合比络合生成具有较大疏水性的化合物,用甲基异丁酮萃取后,再用分光光度法测定有机相的吸光度,从而测定汞含量. 结果表明, 络合体系的最大吸收波长为512 nm,汞的含量在0～2.71 mg·L-1范围内呈良好线性关系,摩尔吸光系数ε为2.5×104 L ·mol-1·cm-1,方法的检出限为0.030 mg·L-1.对4个样品测定的相对标准偏差为3 5%~5 2%,加标回收率为93.2%~106.7%,用于污水中汞的测定,有满意的结果.     

一种增加硒营养的方法研究

为了研究一种增加硒营养的新方法,以富硒萝卜芽苗菜饲喂昆明小鼠(KM),饲喂35 d,观察小鼠的生理状况,测量体重变化情况,以紫外分光光度法测定小鼠的肝脏、肾脏、血浆、红细胞中的含硒量.当日摄硒量达到1.60μg/kgBW时,饲喂富硒萝卜芽苗菜比饲喂萝卜芽苗菜的小鼠体重多增加了96.12%;饲喂富硒芽苗菜比饲喂Na2SeO3的小鼠(KM)血浆中的含硒量增加了205.13%;肝脏中含硒量增加了141.12%;肾脏中含硒量增加了31.28%.富硒萝卜芽苗菜可以促进生长发育期的小鼠体重的增加,其补硒效果明显优于基础饲料、萝卜芽苗菜及Na2SeO3.以日食用富硒芽苗菜0.69 g/kgBW为最佳的促进生长发育和动物补硒的应用方案.食用富硒萝卜芽苗菜是一种增加硒营养的有效方法.     

中国表层土壤汞和硒分布空间异质性的因素分析

在大尺度(中国)范围内,季风和降水等因素可能对土壤中挥发性元素汞和硒的含量具有显著影响,但影响表层土壤中汞和硒差异的关键因子及其贡献率仍未知.分析了干、湿沉降,微生物挥发作用对土壤中汞和硒积累的贡献,结果显示表层土壤汞和硒的积累是一个动态的过程.在全国尺度上,湿沉降对表层土壤中硒的贡献率达到91.5％,对汞的贡献率为4...     

原子荧光法研究钨酸根对硒酸盐微生物转化的影响

环境中的微生物能改变元素的形态,引起其迁移性、毒性和生物利用性的变化[1].硒酸根能被微生物异化还原,主要产物为不溶于水的单质硒(Se(0))[2,3]本文研究了硒酸盐的微生物转化,有大量Se(0)生成.钨酸根对硒酸根的微生物转化有影响,严重抑制Se(0)的生成.硒的测定采用氢化物发生--原子荧光法.     

从硒酵母中分离出生物利用度高的含硒分馏物——我院化学系生物无机化学研究取得新进展

我院化学系生物无机化学研究取得新进展 十几年前,K.Schwarz提出用ED_(50)(对大鼠肝病达50％的保护作用所需的剂量)表示硒化合物的生物利用度,并且测定了许多种硒化合物的ED_(50),其中,以尚未阐明其结构成分的“因素-3”的生物利用度最高。与公认的亚硒酸钠标准物相比,生物利用度约高一倍。近几十年来,人们一直在探讨未知的“因素-3”,但未见更深入的报道。     

碘硒氟联用对小鼠肝肾脂褐素含量的影响

为研究碘、硒、氟联用对小鼠肝脏和肾脏脂褐素含量的影响,让小鼠饮用加氟、加碘和加硒的溶液10周后,采用生化方法测定其肾脏和肝脏组织内脂褐素含量的变化.结果表明,高氟能导致小鼠肝脏和肾脏内脂褐素含量显著上升(P<0.05);适当量的碘或碘硒联用可引起小鼠肝脏和肾脏脂褐素含量显著下降(P<0.05),而碘量过高则与氟产生协同毒性作用.结果提示,一定量的碘或碘硒联用可改善氟致肝脏和肾脏组织抗氧化能力的损伤.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that