工频EI型铁心变压器温升确定

温升是考核变压器的一个重要指标,关系到变压器能否正常工作。本文从温升的计算和测试两方面论证温升值,并进行实际举例。温升的计算可供设计师参考,但温升测试可准确测出具体值。     

高压喷射式熔断器的温升试验与仿真验证

由于高压喷射式熔断器是靠发热元件熔体来开断电路的,其发热计算对于熔断器的研发设计和性能改进都具有重要的意义。高压喷射式熔断器各部分的温升是兼具发热和散热的一个复杂过程,很难建立一个能考虑所有影响因素的解析公式,通过高压喷射式熔断器的温升试验和仿真研究,验证了各部分的温升特点及温升值最高点。     

纤维素纤维对水工混凝土绝热温升影响的试验研究

通过对纤维素纤维水工混凝土绝热温升的试验研究,探讨了纤维素纤维对水工混凝土水化热的影响。结果表明:纤维素纤维在水工混凝土中能降低1 d时间前的绝热温升,升高了1 d后的绝热温升,随着混凝土中纤维素纤维掺量的增加,更能够增加这个趋势。加入纤维素纤维后再加入致密剂,能够降低水工混凝土1 d后绝热温升值。     

混凝土结构施工过程中控制温度裂缝的技术探讨

从控制混凝土温升、提高混凝土极限拉伸值、改善边界约束和构造设计三个方面，对混凝土结构施工过程中控制温度裂缝的施工技术进行探讨。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中热点位置的研究

将热电偶插入La2 O3 Ni/MgAl2 O4 催化剂反应床层 ,通过移动热电偶详细考察了反应炉温、空速、原料气组成和加入水蒸气对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应床层温升的影响。结果表明 ,反应热点位于催化剂床层入口处 ,而且热点位置不受上述反应因素的影响。但是 ,其温升值随空速的增大而升高 ,随反应炉温的升高而降低。反应中引入水蒸气可以降低反应热点的温度 ,但同时使产物中CO2 含量增大。根据反应热计算了燃烧重整机理和直接转化机理的绝热温升 ,与实验结果的对比表明 ,反应床层的温升主要来自于部分氧化反应的放热 ,即甲烷部分氧化制合成气可能是按直接转化机理进行的。极高空速时低甲烷转化率下合成气的选择性并未发生明显的变化 ,这也进一步证明了上述结论     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中热点位置的研究

将热电偶插入Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ｎｉ／ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４催化剂反应床层,通过移动热电偶详细考察了反应炉温、空速、原料气组成和加入水蒸气对甲烷部分氧化制合成氯反应床层温升的影响。结果表明,反应热点位于催化剂床层入口片,而且热点位置不受上述反应因素的影响。但是,其温升值随空速的增大而升高,随反应炉温的升高而降低。反应中引入水蒸气可以降低反应热点的温度,但同时使产物中ＣＯ２含量增大。根据反应热计算了燃烧－重整机理和     

可倾瓦推力轴承工作温度的试验研究

本文详细讨论了当支撑位置为距轴瓦进油边0.625时轴承的工作温度随转速、载荷和流量变化而变化的关系。对这种径向线支撑轴承热效应的研究分析表明,运动件(推力板)的热效应对轴承工作温度有决定性的影响。轴承的温升值(相对油腔油温)在大流量时要大于小流量时的值。同时,本试验对被认为是这种轴承能获得较好综合性能的极限支撑位置的热效应提供了十分有用的实物数据资料。     

微机在电机绕组温升测试中的应用

对家用电器中的小型电机绕组温升测量,我国尚都采用电桥的人工测量方法。此法难于实现自动检测和准确测出电机绕组在实际工作情况下的温升值,占用较多人力和时间,测量精度较低。本文介绍一种用TP801—Z80单板计算机控制的电机绕组温升测试装置,可同时实现对多台电机绕组温升的自动测量,提高了测试精度和工作效率。文中还介绍了装置的电路和控制程序设计等。     

热辐射和绕组绝缘纸对自然对流下的变压器温度影响

为考虑在实际中热辐射和绕组绝缘纸对变压器自然对流的温度场影响,文中以 1台SSZ20-63000/110的油浸式变压器为原型,建立了包含垫圈、绝缘纸筒、压板、绕组绝缘纸和黑体热辐射的变压器热点温升物理计算模型,通过一种基于有限元的方法研究了热辐射和绕组绝缘纸对变压器自然对流的温度场影响。结果表明：在自然对流情况下,热辐射会使得绕组的热点温度和温升值发生小幅度升高,而绕组表层绝缘纸使得绕组的热点温度和温升值大幅度升高;热辐射不会影响热点的位置分布,而绕组绝缘纸会使热点位置发生下移;虽然热辐射对绕组的热点温度影响较小,但是和绕组绝缘纸一起考虑时影响较大。可见仿真计算时最好不要忽略热辐射和绕组绝缘层,否则与实际值相差过大。     

环境冷却介质(空气)温度对异步电动机温升的影响

环境冷却介质(空气)温度(以下简称环温)对电机温升的影响问题,通过各类电机的试验看来,明显地,电机的温升是随环温的增高而增加的。本文主要是从电动机损耗发热与散热的关系,用等效热路法探讨环温变化对封闭式异步电动机温升的影响规律,并提出修正意见。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the