When Social Workers Meet Special Education Teachers: Action Research to Implement Curricular Changes in Taiwanese Special Education Systems

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) offering supported employment services in Taiwan recently have identified a missing link between their programs and the vocational programs students with disabilities received in secondary special education system. Sponsored by a national initiative aimed to enhance public education through crossover trials and social inclusion under the umbrella of ??HighScope Taiwan??, academics and mainly senior social workers devoted to supported employment for persons with intellectual disabilities started a two-way outreach program through action engagement in 2007. Action research became the common focus of the joint task forces across social work, public education systems, and academia. The article provides field-based reflections of the action research project and suggests ways in which practice of action research may increase social impact in the professional development of individuals.     

高校教师从教行为激励的博弈分析

高校是以提升综合实力为根本利益诉求的整体利益主体,高校教师则是追求其个体利益诉求最大化的个体利益主体,二者之间存在合作与冲突并存的利益博弈——委托-代理关系。文章分析了二者之间的这种博弈关系,这对于消除高校教师“棘轮效应”,提升高校教育、教学、科研质量。促进优良校风、教风养成,最终实现高校整体利益诉求和教师个体利益诉求的“双赢”有重要作用。     

电子商务信息安全人员的素质测评指标体系

为了确保电子商务业务过程中的信息安全,分析了电子商务信息安全工作具有保密性、完整性、真实性、灵活性、合法性、有效性等特征及其对电子商务从业人员的素质要求,建立了包括品德、智能、态度、资历、个性、身体等方面的素质结构指标体系,并运用了模糊数学模型和德尔菲法去确定各个测评项目及所属的各个测评指标的评价等级及权重,最后建立并分析了电子商务信息安全人员素质综合评价矩阵,帮助企业识别和甄选符合电子商务信息安全职务任职资格的优秀人员.     

From Practitioner to Researcher: Designing the Dissertation Process for Part Time Coursework Masters Students

Coursework Masters degrees that are offered as block release programmes provide opportunities for access to postgraduate education for adult students while in full time employ. These students attend structured contact modules after which they return to home and work and a distance format of study. However, these courses are generally characterised by low completion rates and lengthy time to completion, particularly of the research dissertation. While various explanations for this problem have been offered, for example, students’ non-academic commitments and supervisor–student-relations, our particular concern in this paper is students’ reading and writing practices in the transition from professional work practice and Masters coursework to the research dissertation. This paper proposes a systemic design to improve student reading and writing in this transition, and the proposal is illustrated using a block release coursework Masters programme in Management at a South African university. The design draws on interpretive systems ideas to think about the different levels of institutional and disciplinary context that impact on the research dissertation. We also use an academic literacies perspective—the concepts of literacy practice, language identity and power in particular—to think about reading and writing. This design incorporates components that include system elements, relationships, purpose and feedback that facilitate interaction between the conventions of the research practice, what the student brings to the practice, and the agency of the student.     

高校教育质量管理中的博弈分析

高校教育质量管理是一个多方参与的动态复杂过程，也是各参与方为了自身利益进行博弈的过程。本文采用博弈论方法．采分析教育质量管理过程中学生、高校和社会各方的利益要求和行为指向以及影响教育质量的因素。并提出提高教育质量的一些建议。     

教学型高校提高科研能力的SD模型与实证分析

以某教学型高校为研究案例，建立了教学型高校教学科研工作的流率基本入树SD模型，对该模型进行了系统反馈基模分析和不同管理策略的仿真分析。结果表明，对教学型高校科研目标的实现，引进研究生学历教师是一项重要措施，但还必须重视其他学历教师科研能力的提高、加大对科研的资金投入、完善激励机制等，只有全方位行动，才能有效提高学校的科研能力，实现持续发展。     

优化的GM(1,1)幂模型及其应用

针对GM(1,1)幂模型的幂指数和背景值的优化问题, 首先归纳出GM(1,1)幂模型的建模步骤和传统方法的不足, 然后以平均相对误差最小化为目标、参数之间的关系为约束条件, 构建了两个非线性优化模型, 实现对GM(1,1)幂模型的幂指数和背景值插值系数的优化. 结果表明, 优化的GM(1,1)幂模型使得平均相对误差绝对值在理论上达到最小优化, 解决了传统建模方法与模型检验的脱节问题, 其模拟和预测精度都高于传统模型. 最后, 以我国高中升学率的数据为例验证了本文优化方法的优越性和有效性.     

Meta-Action Research on a Leadership Development Program: A Process Model for Life-long Learning

Our purpose in this paper is to contribute to the field of systemic practice by sharing a process of professional learning based on meta-action research. The process emerged as we engaged with evaluation data from a leadership development program (LDP). The aim of this LDP had been to help leaders design their team projects on poverty reduction through action research methods in six African countries. As facilitators of the program we discuss our experiential learning based on critical reflection. We explain how meta-action research can transform understandings of ways to improve professional practice in future applications. We present three process models: (1) a model of reflection on action, (2) a meta-action research model, and (3) a model for lifelong learning through meta-action research. These models may be of benefit and interest to readers who facilitate systemic practice and action research in education, higher education, communities, industry and government.     

机构投资者异质预期对IPO抑价影响研究

以机构投资者期望效用最大化为目标,研究了机构投资者同质预期(合谋)和异质预期对首次公开募股(IPO)定价及抑价的影响,并进行定、抑价比较研究.研究表明,机构投资者同质(合谋)可以导致机构的有意抑价行为,更可能导致新股配售机制失去调节功能;而异质尽管抑制了有意抑价行为,但由于信息不对称,使申购风险加大,为规避"赢者诅咒",会导致IPO定价降低,从而提高IPO抑价.因此,防止因信息不对称而导致机构投资者异质可以降低IPO抑价,防止机构投资者私下合谋行为既可降低机构的有意抑价行为,也可发挥配售机制的真正作用.     

A teleonic framework for the discussion of education policy and governance

The education systems of many countries are experiencing problems of crisis proportions today. The main reasons for this state of affairs are not so much the economic difficulties, but the outdated world views and models on which the education system is based. The present paper discusses the existing education system in terms of Teleonics, which is a process-based approach derived from general systems thinking. This approach helps to place the difficulties experienced in education in context and to formulate a more suitable system for education which would contribute to the development of both the individual and the society in which the individual find him/ herself.     

Application of Focus Group Interviews for Quality Management: An Action Research Project

Focus groups have the potential to provide rapid and timely collation, integration and assembly of the views of a variety of different types of stakeholders into a plausible theory. This article reflects on a tertiary education institution's utilisation of focus group interviews (FGIs) as a qualitative evaluation instrument, using action research as the methodology. Our results suggest that employing focus groups is a valuable method of gaining more insight into and adding more depth to quantitative findings during quality management. Results from focus groups enable quality assurance practitioners to provide better remedial action plans. A set of guidelines is provided for the effective conducting of focus group interviews as part of an institutional quality assurance system.     

基于基尼系数的我国教育经费配置区域与结构公平性分析

本文提出了基尼系数的一个等价算法：收入份额法，该算法不仅方便基尼系数按组群分解和来源分解，而且可以进行边际效应分析. 将上述方法应用于对我国省域教育经费配置的公平性分析，无论是从总体还是从区域结构来看，与1999年相比可以发现，2009年省域教育经费配置的公平性有了显著的改善. 中西部地区教育经费占总体教育经费的比重，出现了明显的上升；国家财政教育经费占总体教育经费的比重，也有较大幅度的提高. 国家财政教育经费来源和东部地区教育经费配置，对总体教育经费配置的公平性具有决定性作用. 增大国家财政教育经费来源和中西部教育经费在总体教育经费中的比重，有利于改善省域教育经费配置的公平性.     

数据仓库与数据挖掘技术在高校决策中的应用

在高校已有的各部门业务数据库的基础上，根据高校管理的方式和特点，阐述利用数据挖掘技术建立高校数据仓库的思路和方法，并论述将其应用于高校决策的有效性和科学性。     

First births by age and education in Britain, France and Norway

Progressively later starting of childbearing has been a feature of cohort change in fertility across Europe and elsewhere over recent decades. Growing differences in the age patterns of childbearing between the Anglo-American and continental European countries, however, have also been found. The present study uses large linked-record databases in Britain, France and Norway to analyse these differences in more detail, focussing on age at entry to motherhood (first childbearing) by level of educational attainment among women born in the 1950s and in the 1960s. The shift between these two cohorts towards a later pattern of first childbearing in Britain was confined to women with secondary school qualifications and above. For women born in the 1960s, the peak age for risk of first childbearing among those with secondary school qualifications grew to be between seven and eleven years later than among women without secondary school qualifications. In France and Norway, the peak ages for risk of first childbearing shifted more uniformly across education levels between the two cohorts. For these 1950s and 1960s cohorts, improvements in women's educational levels also occurred more uniformly in France and Norway, moving more women into education categories characterised by later patterns of first childbearing.     

Systemic Intervention in a University Department: Reflections on Arrested Action Research

This paper reflects on my experience as an insider researcher attempting to use critical systems ideas and practices to promote quality improvement in a university engineering department. Reflection is a key part of learning. This paper is intended to contribute to critically, self-reflective learning for the community of systems practitioners. These reflections on my questions about participation, ethics, politics of process, and the choices and actions resulting from them may help others to formulate their own. The complexity of systems practice places substantial demands on the researcher, particularly in the case of insider, practitioner research. Nevertheless, the exploration of critical systems approaches to critique boundaries and structure ‘problems’ in the core aspects of higher education in locally meaningful ways should continue. While demanding, it still can work to promote learning about authentic quality.     

The Application of Fuzzy Cognitive Map in Soft System Methodology

Facing the issues of structural complexity, on which stakeholders have different views, has increasingly led to the use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) in solving managerial problems. Moreover, the weaknesses of this methodology in considering all point of views and ensuring the effectiveness of the proposed changes have provided the motivation for applying Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) in SSM. Using FCM as a modeling tool makes it possible to combine the views of different experts and form group FCM (GFCM). GFCM has the potential to be applied as a useful decision support tool in the stage of offering recommendations and changes. The methodology proposed in this article is applied to ticketing system of Raja passenger train company. This system, influenced by various policies and views, is analyzed with the recommended methodology and then the solutions for developing the system are suggested in a prioritized manner.     

整体与破碎

1.反对大一统系统观的本体论、认识论、方法论和价值论三方面的理由;2.针对整体系统观和破碎系统观在何种意义上可以融合,指出承认差异、容忍差异的整体系统观与破碎系统观可以融合;3.指出现代科学的标准化方式是大一统系统观的基础,对文化多样性的保存不利,认为在文化多样性方面以破碎的局域的系统观为观念基础,比以大一统的系统观要好。     

当代大学生培养目标的势科学分析

如何将当代大学生培养成为德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人,是高等教育必须思考的重大问题。从势科学理论来看,＂势＂是一种力量,也是一种方向。要发挥＂势＂的动力学机制,实现培养目标的引导功能,就是要将大学生培养成为有用与可爱相结合、善良与担当相统一、专业与通识相融合的创造性人才。     

Soft Systems Methodology in Action: The Example of a Private Hospital

The paper dealt with the issues of communication between physicians and patients, health care needs of patients and appointment and documentation systems leading to sub-optimal medical treatment, disorganised files and congestion and improperly stored medical treatment records of patients Two Strands Model of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) revealed and handled at a private hospital in Turkey. SSM helped make changes as recommendations to the hospital. However, the SSM-based enquiry also disclosed some difficulties in the processes of cooperation between the practitioner and the client, arranging democratic group discussions, drawing rich pictures, designating, listing and selecting organisational concerns, designing human activity systems, comparing conceptual models with the problem situation and offering and adopting changes. Thus, the paper proposed possible solutions to these methodological problems through synthesising relevant key conceptions of specific soft and other change methodologies into a framework that attempted to bring robust developmental specifications and order for using SSM.     

Higher qualifications,first-birth timing,and further childbearing in England and Wales

This article examines how strong the association is between the obtaining of higher educational qualifications and later entry to motherhood, and how these are associated with levels and pace of second and subsequent childbearing. Data from the ONS Longitudinal Study are used to estimate these associations for women born in England and Wales between 1954 and 1958. Average age of entry to motherhood is found to be five years later for women with higher qualifications than for those without. Increasing age of motherhood is always associated with a lower likelihood of going on to have another child, but the decline with age is less pronounced for women with a higher qualification. Moreover, for any given age of childbearing, mothers with a higher qualification are more likely than those without to have another child, and are more likely to do so quickly.