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1.
2.
The application of a sufficiently strong magnetic field to a superconductor will, in general, destroy the superconducting state. Two mechanisms are responsible for this. The first is the Zeeman effect, which breaks apart the paired electrons if they are in a spin-singlet (but not a spin-triplet) state. The second is the so-called 'orbital' effect, whereby the vortices penetrate into the superconductors and the energy gain due to the formation of the paired electrons is lost. For the case of layered, two-dimensional superconductors, such as the high-Tc copper oxides, the orbital effect is reduced when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the conducting layers. Here we report resistance and magnetic-torque experiments on single crystals of the quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor lambda-(BETS)2FeCl4, where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene. We find that for magnetic fields applied exactly parallel to the conducting layers of the crystals, superconductivity is induced for fields above 17 T at a temperature of 0.1 K. The resulting phase diagram indicates that the transition temperature increases with magnetic field, that is, the superconducting state is further stabilized with magnetic field.  相似文献   

3.
Liu CY  Bard AJ 《Nature》2002,418(6894):162-164
Intermolecular separation determines the extent of orbital overlap and thus the rate of electron transfer between neighbouring molecules in an organic crystal. If such a crystal is compressed, the resistivity decreases owing to a diminishing intermolecular distance. Metal insulator transitions have been observed by applying hydrostatic pressure to, for example, Langmuir films of metal nanoparticles. But previous attempts to observe a clear transition point in organic crystals, such as anthracene and tetracene, were not successful owing to difficulties with electrically insulating the high-pressure cell. Here we report a different approach by using a sample that is photoconductive and forms an organized film. A cylindrical tip (approximately 100 microm in diameter) was used to compress the sample instead of a piston/cylinder structure, entirely eliminating the problem of electrical insulation. Furthermore, by illuminating the sample with a laser, the conductivity of the sample is increased by several orders of magnitude. By monitoring the photocurrent with sensitivity at the 10(-13) A level, changes in resistivity at very low pressure could be monitored. We observe a sharp increase in current that could indicate a transition from hopping to delocalized conduction.  相似文献   

4.
以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯(EHA)为基本单体,分别以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NAM)、丙烯酸-2-羟乙酯(HEA)为功能性单体,采用半连续的乳液聚合工艺,合成了丙烯酸酯类的多元共聚物乳液。通过对所得乳液表面能和黏度的变化分析,筛选出低表面能低黏度的功能性单体,最优用量为w(AA)1%~2%,w(AM)05%~1%,w(NAM)为0.5%以下,HEA的引入使乳液体系的表面能增加,尽量不用或少用。优化后的乳液,加入少量的成膜助剂,可以很好地铺展在电晕后的BOPP塑料薄膜表面,干燥后涂膜与基材的耐揉搓性、耐水性等性能优异,剥离强度可以达到500N/m。  相似文献   

5.
合成了吩噻嗪(Phenothianzine)聚合物,将其掺入聚乙烯咔唑Poly(N Vinylcarbazole)(PVK)和聚丙烯丁酯(Poly butylacrylate)(PBA)的聚合物(PVK PBA)以及三硝基芴酮2,4,7 trinitro 9 fluorenone(TNF)聚合制成有机薄膜器件.样品在双相干光束作用下,可建立光折射率光栅,其衍射效率可超过30%,并考察了样品折射率光栅形成的动力学过程.我们还实现了全息图象存储,并获得了清晰的存储图象.文章并对相关结果形成的机制做出了定性的分析.  相似文献   

6.
The micropattern observed in the amorphous azobenzene polymer film by degenerated four-wave mixing has been reported.Patterns with well-defined structures are examined with the scanning electron microscopy and the polarizing optical microscopy.It is demonstrated that the control of photoinduced micropattern in the azobenzene polymer film is possible by using appropriate polarized writing beams with total incident power exceeding a certain threshold.  相似文献   

7.
Nam MS  Ardavan A  Blundell SJ  Schlueter JA 《Nature》2007,449(7162):584-587
On cooling through the transition temperature T(c) of a conventional superconductor, an energy gap develops as the normal-state charge carriers form Cooper pairs; these pairs form a phase-coherent condensate that exhibits the well-known signatures of superconductivity: zero resistivity and the expulsion of magnetic flux (the Meissner effect). However, in many unconventional superconductors, the formation of the energy gap is not coincident with the formation of the phase-coherent superfluid. Instead, at temperatures above the critical temperature a range of unusual properties, collectively known as 'pseudogap phenomena', are observed. Here we argue that a key pseudogap phenomenon-fluctuating superconductivity occurring substantially above the transition temperature-could be induced by the proximity of a Mott-insulating state. The Mott-insulating state in the kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2X organic molecular metals can be tuned, without doping, through superconductivity into a normal metallic state as a function of the parameter t/U, where t is the tight-binding transfer integral characterizing the metallic bandwidth and U is the on-site Coulomb repulsion. By exploiting a particularly sensitive probe of superconducting fluctuations, the vortex-Nernst effect, we find that a fluctuating regime develops as t/U decreases and the role of Coulomb correlations increases.  相似文献   

8.
Yu Y  Nakano M  Ikeda T 《Nature》2003,425(6954):145
Polymer solutions and solids that contain light-sensitive molecules can undergo photo-contraction, whereby light energy is converted into mechanical energy. Here we show that a single film of a liquid-crystal network containing an azobenzene chromophore can be repeatedly and precisely bent along any chosen direction by using linearly polarized light. This striking photomechanical effect results from a photoselective volume contraction and may be useful in the development of high-speed actuators for microscale or nanoscale applications, for example in microrobots in medicine or optical microtweezers.  相似文献   

9.
Temirov R  Soubatch S  Luican A  Tautz FS 《Nature》2006,444(7117):350-353
Thin films of molecular organic semiconductors are attracting much interest for use in electronic and optoelectronic applications. The electronic properties of these materials and their interfaces are therefore worth investigating intensively, particularly the degree of electron delocalization that can be achieved. If the delocalization is appreciable, it should be accompanied by an observable electronic band dispersion. But so far only limited experimental data on the intermolecular dispersion of electronic states in molecular materials is available, and the mechanism(s) of electron delocalization in molecular materials are also not well understood. Here we report scanning tunnelling spectroscopy observations of an organic monolayer film on a silver substrate, revealing a completely delocalized two-dimensional band state that is characterized by a metal-like parabolic dispersion with an effective mass of m* = 0.47m(e), where m(e) is the bare electron mass. This dispersion is far stronger than expected for the organic film alone, and arises as a result of strong substrate-mediated coupling between the molecules within the monolayer.  相似文献   

10.
共轭多孔聚合物(CPPs)具有扩展的共轭体系和多孔性,是一种具有广阔应用前景的非均相无金属光催化剂.本文中,我们报道一种基于噻吩的有机多孔聚合物的设计和制备,首先利用Suzuki偶联反应合成出单体3,3',5,5'-四(噻吩-2-基)-1,1'-联苯,再以三氯化铁为催化剂催化噻吩偶联,成功制备一种共轭有机多孔聚合物(PTB).这种聚合物光吸收可达到800 nm,比表面积为699.8 m~2·g~(-1),并且中孔和微孔共存.在非均相体系中,这种催化剂对胺氧化偶联表现出有效的光催化性能,反应产率可达94%,并且亚胺为其唯一产物.  相似文献   

11.
采用两次重复的2^3析因实验设计,应用方差分析方法,研究了旋涂工艺中聚合物溶液的浓度,匀胶机的旋涂速度和加速度对旋涂的薄膜厚度和薄膜均匀性的影响。实验和分析的结果表明:溶液浓度和和旋涂速度对膜厚和薄膜均匀具有显著性的影响,而旋涂加速度对它们的影响则不显著。这一结论对于制备优质薄膜、改善聚合物发光器件性能具有重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

12.
分子印迹技术是近年发展起来的一种新颖的有机合成手段。评述了分子印迹聚合物的制备方法及尚有待深入的关键问题,重点介绍了分子印迹聚合物用作催化剂在有机合成中应用的优势及研究近况,特别是用作手性催化剂不对称合成光学活性物质。并设计将分子印迹聚合物用于催化醛酮不对称还原反应,可获得较高光学产率的手性醇,其%e.e值达95%以上。  相似文献   

13.
实验中研究染料分子J-aggregatcs和聚乙烯醇聚合物膜的超快共振光学克尔现象.测量该聚合物膜的光克尔信号随泵浦光功率的变化关系,得到了相关的泵浦阈值.改变泵浦光的波长,发现该聚合物膜的光克尔信号在泵浦光波长为600 nm时达到最大.  相似文献   

14.
将一种核壳结构两亲性聚合物纳米微球修饰到玻碳电极表面,该微球组成是以质子化PDMAEMA大分子为壳以及聚苯乙烯为核(简称PDS)。在最优化成膜条件下,得到的PDS膜电极的电子传导能力明显优于裸电极。考察PDS膜对磷钼杂多酸(PMo12)修饰电极性能的影响。结果表明,PDS膜不仅可以使PMo12修饰电极的稳定性得到改善,而且有助于PMo12在电极表面的电子转移,从而有效提高PMo12的电化学及对103^-的电催化性能。  相似文献   

15.
有机聚合物手性催化剂是一种将手性催化剂固载在成型聚合物上或者直接共聚成聚合物所形成的高聚物催化剂.由于其制备简易、性质多样和容易回收再利用等特点受到了广泛的关注,成为了国内外科学家的研究热点.简要的总结了由有机小分子催化剂和金属催化剂所形成聚合物手性催化剂,并对该领域的发展前景作出了展望,为其进一步研究提供了参考.  相似文献   

16.
Matsumoto A  Odani T  Sada K  Miyata M  Tashiro K 《Nature》2000,405(6784):328-330
Organic solid-state synthesis allows formation of products that are difficult or impossible to produce by conventional methods. This feature, and the high degree of reaction selectivity that can be achieved, is a direct result of the control over the relative orientation of the reactants afforded by the solid state. But as the successful development of 'topochemical reactions' requires the careful design of suitable reactant crystals, the range of both reactions and products amenable to this approach has been limited. However, recent advances in organic crystal engineering, particularly the rational design of complex solid architectures through supramolecular preorganization, have renewed interest in topochemical reactions. Previously, we have orientated muconate monomers--diene moieties with a carboxylate group on each end--using long-chain n-alkylammonium ions, such that the topochemical photopolymerization of the solid-state reactants produces layered crystals of stereoregular and high-molecular-mass polymers. Here we show that these polymer crystals are capable of repeated, reversible intercalation by conversion to the analogous poly(carboxylic acid), followed by transformation into a number of poly(alkylammonium muconate)s upon addition of the appropriate amine. Introduction of functional groups into these crystals may allow the design of organic solids for applications such as molecular recognition, separation and catalysis, thereby extending the range and practical utility of current intercalation compounds.  相似文献   

17.
溶胶-凝胶法制备有机/无机复合膜的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
直接从无定型二氧化硅出发,研究了与乙二醇、氢氧化钾反应,生成高反应活性的五配位硅钾化合物,再与2-氯乙醇反应制备双羟基四配位硅化合物,然后通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了双羟基四配位硅/聚乙烯醇复合膜,并分析了膜的热性能,发现改性PVA复合膜的热性能有所降低;但膜的透明性和韧性基本没变;说明四配位硅水解后得到的硅醇基与PVA中的羟基发生了缩合作用.  相似文献   

18.
葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂在水基聚乙烯醇压裂液中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为验证聚乙烯醇作为水基冻胶压裂液的可行性,提出葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂的压裂液体系.采用实验室自制葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂,得出原料最佳配比n(硼砂):n(葡萄糖)=1∶1.5.葡萄糖改性有机硼交联剂对聚乙烯醇有很好的延时性和耐高温性,其交联时间可以控制在60~500 s之间,耐热温度在70℃左右.以聚乙烯醇为稠化剂的水基冻胶压裂液的最低有效浓度可达1.1%.  相似文献   

19.
In the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, electrons form (Cooper) pairs through an interaction mediated by vibrations in the underlying crystal structure. Like lattice vibrations, antiferromagnetic fluctuations can also produce an attractive interaction creating Cooper pairs, though with spin and angular momentum properties different from those of conventional superconductors. Such interactions have been implicated for two disparate classes of materials--the copper oxides and a set of Ce- and U-based compounds. But because their transition temperatures differ by nearly two orders of magnitude, this raises the question of whether a common pairing mechanism applies. PuCoGa5 has a transition temperature intermediate between those classes and therefore may bridge these extremes. Here we report measurements of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate and Knight shift in PuCoGa5, which demonstrate that it is an unconventional superconductor with properties as expected for antiferromagnetically mediated superconductivity. Scaling of the relaxation rates among all of these materials (a feature not exhibited by their Knight shifts) establishes antiferromagnetic fluctuations as a likely mechanism for their unconventional superconductivity and suggests that related classes of exotic superconductors may yet be discovered.  相似文献   

20.
There is still no universally accepted theory of high-temperature superconductivity. Most models assume that doping creates 'holes' in the valence band of an insulating, antiferromagnetic 'parent' compound, and that antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity are intimately related. If their respective energies are nearly equal, strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations (temporally and spatially restricted antiferromagnetic domains) would be expected in the superconductive phase, and superconducting fluctuations would be expected in the antiferromagnetic phase; the two states should 'mix' over an extended length scale. Here we report that one-unit-cell-thick antiferromagnetic La2CuO4 barrier layers remain highly insulating and completely block a supercurrent; the characteristic decay length is 1 A, indicating that the two phases do not mix. We likewise found that isolated one-unit-cell-thick layers of La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 remain superconducting. The latter further implies that, on doping, new electronic states are created near the middle of the bandgap. These two findings are in conflict with most proposed models, with a few notable exceptions that include postulated spin-charge separation.  相似文献   

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