利用V型三能级原子与相干态腔场的拉曼相互作用来传送三比特的未知原子态

实现量子态的隐形传送,尤其是多比特的量子态的隐形传送在量子信息领域中具有非常重要的作用。本文提出了一种用一个三原子和相干态腔场的纠缠态作为量子信道,隐形传送三比特的未知原子态的方案。     

非最大量子纠缠信道的量子态传送——在腔QED系统中利用非最大三粒子纠缠GHZ态传送未知原子态

讨论在腔QED中如何利用非最大三粒子纠缠GHZ态实现未知单原子态、两原子纠缠态的概率隐形传送.在量子态传送过程中需要引入一个辅助粒子以解决使用非最大纠缠量子信道导致的态畸变问题.本方案在两原子与腔相互作用的整个过程中,由于经典场同时对两原子进行驱动,量子态的演化不依赖于腔场的态,因而不受腔泄漏和热腔场的影响.     

以十量子纠缠态为信道的循环受控量子隐形传态

利用一个十量子最大纠缠态为信道,提出一个关于三个未知二量子态的循环受控隐形传态协议。在该协议中,Alice能把她的二量子a和a'之态传送给Bob,Bob能把自己的二量子b和b'之态传送给Charlie,Charlie也能把自己的二量子c和c'之态传送给Alice。仅当三个发送者Alice、Bob、Charlie和控制者David相互合作时,循环受量子控隐形传态才可能成功地实现。     

测量基角度偏差对单量子态隐形传送的影响研究

量子隐形传态是量子信息传输的一种重要方式，在量子态传送过程中不可避免地存在信道噪声。本文构造了一组测量算符以分析量子态与测量算符偏差角度的关系，并给出了量子测量信道的信道传递矩阵。通过对未知单量子态隐形传送协议的分析，给出了发送方和接收方测量基的旋转偏差对量子态传送结果的影响，其中接收方的判定概率不再恒为0.25，且从测量信道获取的量子平均互信息量在旋转角为0或π时达到最大值。     

多比特量子纠缠态的隐形传送

在量子信息处理中,量子比特常常处于叠加态,围绕如何隐形传送多比特量子态提出了一种用N个EPR对隐形传送N比特量子态的传输方案,通过N次联合操作实现N比特量子态的传输.其操作为局域操作并且在目前技术条件下可以很容易实现,与单粒子量子态传输相比, 多比特量子态可以传送更多信息.     

隐形传送任意三粒子纠缠态的一种方法

提出利用一个三粒子纠缠GHZ态和两个二粒子纠缠态作为量子信道,实现任意的三粒子纠缠态从发送者传送给两个接收者中任意一个的量子隐形传态的方案.首先考察量子信道是最大纠缠态的情形,然后进一步考察量子信道是非最大纠缠态的情形.在量子信道为非最大纠缠态时,通过引进一个辅助粒子,并构造一个幺正变换矩阵,可以8 bdf 2概率成功地隐形传送任意的三粒子纠缠态.     

利用四维的二粒子纠缠态传送一个未知的二维二粒子量子态

利用四维的二粒子最大纠缠态作为量子信道可成功地传送一个未知的二维二粒子量子态,其成功几率及态的保真度均为100%。若量子信道为部分纠缠态,也可以几率传送此量子态,其成功几率由部分纠缠态的最小Schm idt系数决定,态的保真度为100%。     

基于贝尔态作为量子信道实现双向量子操作远程传送

基于目前易于制备且广泛应用的贝尔态作为量子信道，提出了一个真正意义上的双向量子操作远程传送(BQOT)方案。在该方案中，经过对量子纠缠资源的合理布局，只需使用较少的必要操作及经典信息传送即可实现通信双方同时将他们的目标量子操作执行到对方的一任意未知靶位量子态上。此外，就当前的实验技术条件而言，我们的方案是完全切实可行的。     

利用腔量子电动力学方法实现压缩叠加态的量子隐形传态

利用大失谐的原子-腔场相互作用和Bell态测量，提出了一个量子隐形传态方案。在这个方案中，两个具有相同振幅和相对位相的压缩真空态的任意相干叠加态被传送。为了实现这个方案，一个最大纠缠压缩真空态被用来作为量子信道。这个量子隐形传态方案成功的几率是0．5。     

基于波粒二象性的量子光通信系统的研究

结合光子的波粒二象性,提出利用孤子调制承载量子态的方案,着重从调制信道的角度,分别论证了孤子在NLSE光纤和SIT媒介中的传输演变,量子的压缩态和纠缠态可以在孤子的传输演变中产生,从而实现量子的高速调制.这种调制方案,融合了量子和孤子的特性,避免了量子长距离传送所带来的一系列问题,如量子中继等.     

基于四粒子GHZ态的任意三粒子GHZ态量子隐形传送

量子隐形传态已成为量子信息学中的一个重要研究领域,笔者从节省量子纠缠资源的目的出发,通过极化分束器(PBS)将2个EPR对制备成单个四粒子GHZ纠缠态,并将此四粒子GHZ纠缠态作为量子信道,从而实现三粒子纠缠GHZ态的量子隐形传输.     

腔QED中三粒子W态的隐形传递

首先,针对传递三粒子w态的困难,提出了腔QED中的两种方案来完成w态的隐形传态．在一种方案中,我们利用一个EPR对和GHZ态来作为量子通道,在真空腔中实现了对w态的传送．而第二种方案与第一种不同之处是,我们使用了两个EPR对来作为量子通道,并且弓l入了一个附加粒子来完成传态的．此外,这些方案的显著优点是不用Bell基测量,而且可忽略腔场热作用和腔延迟作用的影响．     

Quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over 100-kilometre free-space channels

Transferring an unknown quantum state over arbitrary distances is essential for large-scale quantum communication and distributed quantum networks. It can be achieved with the help of long-distance quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution. The latter is also important for fundamental tests of the laws of quantum mechanics. Although quantum teleportation and entanglement distribution over moderate distances have been realized using optical fibre links, the huge photon loss and decoherence in fibres necessitate the use of quantum repeaters for larger distances. However, the practical realization of quantum repeaters remains experimentally challenging. Free-space channels, first used for quantum key distribution, offer a more promising approach because photon loss and decoherence are almost negligible in the atmosphere. Furthermore, by using satellites, ultra-long-distance quantum communication and tests of quantum foundations could be achieved on a global scale. Previous experiments have achieved free-space distribution of entangled photon pairs over distances of 600?metres (ref. 14) and 13?kilometres (ref. 15), and transfer of triggered single photons over a 144-kilometre one-link free-space channel. Most recently, following a modified scheme, free-space quantum teleportation over 16?kilometres was demonstrated with a single pair of entangled photons. Here we report quantum teleportation of independent qubits over a 97-kilometre one-link free-space channel with multi-photon entanglement. An average fidelity of 80.4?±?0.9 per cent is achieved for six distinct states. Furthermore, we demonstrate entanglement distribution over a two-link channel, in which the entangled photons are separated by 101.8?kilometres. Violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality is observed without the locality loophole. Besides being of fundamental interest, our results represent an important step towards a global quantum network. Moreover, the high-frequency and high-accuracy acquiring, pointing and tracking technique developed in our experiment can be directly used for future satellite-based quantum communication and large-scale tests of quantum foundations.     

The quantum internet

Quantum networks provide opportunities and challenges across a range of intellectual and technical frontiers, including quantum computation, communication and metrology. The realization of quantum networks composed of many nodes and channels requires new scientific capabilities for generating and characterizing quantum coherence and entanglement. Fundamental to this endeavour are quantum interconnects, which convert quantum states from one physical system to those of another in a reversible manner. Such quantum connectivity in networks can be achieved by the optical interactions of single photons and atoms, allowing the distribution of entanglement across the network and the teleportation of quantum states between nodes.     

基于EPR粒子对的信息签名协议

研究了利用Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR)对的纠缠特性进行量子数字签名的方案,提出了一个基于测量结果比较的签名协议以及一个基于隐形传态的签名协议. 在基于测量结果比较的签名协议中,通信双方测量各自的EPR并将测量结果与消息M进行比较可以实现M的签名和验证,同时通过量子单向函数来保证协议的安全. 在基于隐形传态的签名协议中,消息发送者将M通过隐形传态传递给接收者来实现对M签名并验证,其安全性由量子隐形传态的物理特性来保证. 这两种协议均可以脱离可信赖的第三方,且通信过程中不需要密钥,具有无条件安全性.     

基于量子隐形传态的密钥交换与身份认证方案

量子密钥交换与身份认证是量子保密通信研究的核心内容,量子资源的充分利用,能有效地增加通信的保密。方案根据量子纠缠交换与隐形传态的基本原理及安全协议的设计原则,设计实现了一个量子密钥交换与身份认证同步实现方案,方案设计巧妙,充分利用了量子隐形传态和量子纠缠特性,增强了通信的安全性,有效避免了量子窃听,减少密性放大过程和经典信道所带来的安全威胁。     

Experimental demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation

Quantum-mechanical entanglement of three or four particles has been achieved experimentally, and has been used to demonstrate the extreme contradiction between quantum mechanics and local realism. However, the realization of five-particle entanglement remains an experimental challenge. The ability to manipulate the entanglement of five or more particles is required for universal quantum error correction. Another key process in distributed quantum information processing, similar to encoding and decoding, is a teleportation protocol that we term 'open-destination' teleportation. An unknown quantum state of a single particle is teleported onto a superposition of N particles; at a later stage, this teleported state can be read out (for further applications) at any of the N particles, by a projection measurement on the remaining particles. Here we report a proof-of-principle demonstration of five-photon entanglement and open-destination teleportation (for N = 3). In the experiment, we use two entangled photon pairs to generate a four-photon entangled state, which is then combined with a single-photon state. Our experimental methods can be used for investigations of measurement-based quantum computation and multi-party quantum communication.     

量子纠缠与超光速量子通信

量子通信是经典通信和量子力学相结合的一门新兴交叉学科.在介绍量子纠缠特性的基础上,对量子隐形传态进行了探讨,提出了超光速量子通信的途径.     

Quantum teleportation between light and matter

Quantum teleportation is an important ingredient in distributed quantum networks, and can also serve as an elementary operation in quantum computers. Teleportation was first demonstrated as a transfer of a quantum state of light onto another light beam; later developments used optical relays and demonstrated entanglement swapping for continuous variables. The teleportation of a quantum state between two single material particles (trapped ions) has now also been achieved. Here we demonstrate teleportation between objects of a different nature--light and matter, which respectively represent 'flying' and 'stationary' media. A quantum state encoded in a light pulse is teleported onto a macroscopic object (an atomic ensemble containing 10 caesium atoms). Deterministic teleportation is achieved for sets of coherent states with mean photon number (n) up to a few hundred. The fidelities are 0.58 +/- 0.02 for n = 20 and 0.60 +/- 0.02 for n = 5--higher than any classical state transfer can possibly achieve. Besides being of fundamental interest, teleportation using a macroscopic atomic ensemble is relevant for the practical implementation of a quantum repeater. An important factor for the implementation of quantum networks is the teleportation distance between transmitter and receiver; this is 0.5 metres in the present experiment. As our experiment uses propagating light to achieve the entanglement of light and atoms required for teleportation, the present approach should be scalable to longer distances.     

不同类型连续变量量子态离物传送的判据

文章利用量子力学的测量理论 ,分析了不同类型连续变量量子态在离物传送过程中的态演化 ,并推导出输出态的保真度表示式。结果表明对不同类型的输入态 ,其保真度和保真度的非经典边界有不同的形式。和相干态比较 ,当输入态为非经典量子态时 ,为达到同样的保真度必须应用具有高关联度的量子纠缠态光场