下游干扰体对上游高层建筑风力的影响

在用数值模拟和风洞实验方法对比研究两个方形高层建筑模型干扰影响的基础上,进一步用数值模拟方法研究了距离较近时下游干扰体对上游建筑的干扰影响.以广州合景大厦为背景,用数值模拟方法,并通过数值模拟与风洞实验平均风底部剪力的比较,得出当干扰的高层建筑处于下游或斜下游时,上游合景大厦的静风力比不受干扰时显著增大.说明在高层建筑密集、下游或斜下游建筑体量较大时,对上游建筑干扰后的静风力会有显著增加.     

错列双圆柱下游圆柱的升力机理

采用大涡模拟(LES)的方法,在雷诺数Re=1.4×10~5时,研究了间距P/D=4(P为圆心间距,D为圆柱直径)、风向角0°～90°的错列双圆柱的气动力特性和干扰流态,从流场角度分析了下游圆柱受到平均升力和脉动升力作用的流场机理.结果表明:随着风向角的增大,两个圆柱的干扰流态依次为旋涡撞击流态、旋涡撞击和剪切层干扰流态、剪切层干扰流态、尾流干扰流态;在旋涡撞击流态、旋涡撞击和剪切层干扰流态下,上游圆柱的旋涡与下游圆柱发生强烈的撞击,导致下游圆柱的脉动升力远大于单圆柱;在剪切层干扰流态下,下游圆柱受到显著的平均升力作用,下游圆柱风压停滞点的偏移以及上游圆柱的旋涡与下游圆柱间隙侧剪切层(或旋涡)的相互作用,是下游圆柱受到平均升力作用的两个原因.     

双幅桥面桥梁三分力系数气动干扰效应试验研究

针对大跨度双幅桥面桥梁三分力系数的气动干扰问题,采用风洞试验方法对某在建大跨度双幅桥面桥梁的气动干扰效应进行研究.分别改变双幅桥面间距、风攻角参数来研究其对双幅桥面三分力系数气动干扰效应的影响.研究显示,双幅桥面桥梁三分力系数的气动干扰效应主要表现为:下游桥面阻力系数的降低,上游桥面桥梁阻力系数与单幅桥面相比略有降低;上、下游桥面的升力系数和升力矩系数也存在一定的气动干扰效应,但相对而言影响较小,其影响可以忽略.     

错列风力机尾流的实验研究

为了更好地研究水平轴风力机的尾流结构及其对下游风力机出力性能的影响,将两台风力机错列布置,使用压差式精密风速仪和手持风速仪对风力机的尾流场进行了测量.通过比较单风力机和两台错列布置风力机的速度、压力和诱导速度,分析了风力机之间的尾流干扰问题.结果表明,上游风力机的尾流会使下游风力机的来流风速小于设计风速.两台风力机尾流重叠区的湍流度增加,尾流干扰增强,随着测量间距的增大,轴向速度先减小后增大.下游风力机5倍风轮直径处,尾流场速度基本恢复到主流速度.     

串列风力机三维尾流场的实验研究

为了提高风电场效率,减小上游风力机尾流对下游风力机的影响,风电场中风力机的布置形式尤为重要.利用轴流式风机提供来流风速,使用三维超声波风速仪获得两台100 W水平轴风力机在不同串列间距时的尾流场速度分布及尾迹流动扩散规律.结果表明:在同一测量断面上随着径向距离的增大,轴向速度先增大后减小;随着串列间距的增大,相同测量断面上轴向速度逐渐增大,径向速度的波动幅值和频率减小,切向速度波动幅值减小.当径向距离为2倍风轮半径时,尾流流场中切向速度的波动幅值相差不大;串列间距不变时,随着轴向距离的增大,轴向速度逐渐增大,且速度变化幅度逐渐趋于平缓,速度峰值也由风轮中心沿径向向外推移,径向速度和切向速度的波动幅值减小.上游风力机的存在使得尾流流场中径向速度和切向速度的波动幅值增大,同时使得下游风力机输出功率减小.风电场规划中应尽量避免风力机串列布置.     

扰流对大口径内锥流量计性能影响的仿真研究

利用数值仿真方法,对800 mm口径、β值为0.726 8的大口径内锥流量计进行了CFD数值模拟研究。分别在内锥流量计的上、下游直管段处安装半月型孔板,通过扰流件对速度场的影响,分析内锥流量计的性能。研究结果表明:大口径内锥流量计流出系数几乎与雷诺数无关;如果在内锥流量计的上游5D、下游1D或更远直管段处安装扰流件,基本上不影响流出系数;若同时在上游和下游安装扰流件,此时下游的扰流件对速度场起到整流器的作用。     

基于完全气动弹性模型的冷却塔干扰效应风洞试验研究

针对某核电站两相邻200 m高超大型冷却塔,基于完全气动弹性模型通过风洞试验对其风致干扰效应进行研究.研究表明:干扰效应使共振响应显著增大,但仍以背景响应为主;双塔串列时,尽管由于上游塔的“遮挡”效应使得下游塔最大平均响应减小,但最大均方差由于干扰效应略有增大,响应极大值基本与单塔一致;斜列时,当上游塔尾流作用在下游冷却塔时,响应放大系数最大;基于整塔响应极大值定义的干扰因子可保证将单塔风荷载放大干扰因子倍后得到的最大响应与群塔的最大响应相等,由此考虑风向频率后得到的推荐干扰因子与规范值基本一致.     

过渡流下叉排圆柱列的可视化实验研究（英文）

为了保证缩小管径后的换热器空气侧换热性能良好,研究过渡流下不同雷诺数(Re=120,150,200),不同横向间距(P_s=2D,3D,4D,5D,6D)的叉排圆柱列的流动特性,采用PIV二维粒子图像测速系统对过渡流下不同工况的叉排圆柱列进行可视化实验研究.结果表明,P_s及Re的变化对上游和下游圆柱的涡量场、速度相关量有不同的影响.Re一定时,随着P_s的增大,下游对上游的整流作用逐步削弱.P_s一定时,随着Re的增大,整流效果越来越不明显.Re一定时,每组P_s下的速度比值曲线都呈现出"速度恢复"现象.并且随着P_s的增加,上游圆柱对下游圆柱来流速度所起到的加速效果逐步加强.     

水平轴风力机尾流场的特性分析

以100 W水平轴风力机为研究对象,当来流风速为12.5m/s时,建立数值计算模型和实验模型,通过模拟计算与实验测量,得到风轮旋转平面后不同间距断面处的速度和压强分布情况.将模拟值与实验值进行对比研究,结果表明:风轮下游3倍风轮直径处的实验值与模拟值拟合较好,随着风轮后轴向距离的增大,实验值与模拟值存在一定的差异.从速度云图可以看出,水平轴风力机的尾流场从风轮旋转平面产生,在叶片尾缘处脱落且逐渐膨胀,在来流风速的影响下逐渐向下游扩散,且轴向速度亏损值随着轴向距离的增大而逐渐减小,尾迹区域渐渐收缩,最终与大气来流逐渐融合.     

出流比及旋转数对回转通道流动换热的影响

为深入了解涡轮动叶内通道在旋转状态下的换热分布以及出口流量变化对通道壁面换热的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了旋转带肋回转通道的流动特性,揭示了旋转数、出口流量分配比例对内通道换热的影响机理。计算模型包含3个通道和2个转弯段,通道进口雷诺数为17 000,旋转数为0~0.09,3种工况下出口1、2、3与入口的质量流量比分别为27%、49%、24%(三个出口均有出流),27%、0%、73%(出口2不出流),27%、73%、0%(出口3不出流)。结果表明:静止内通道的出流比变化仅对第3通道的沿程压力系数Cp和前、后缘面努赛尔数Nu分布有影响;旋转内通道的出流比变化会影响Cp的大小,旋转哥氏力使通道前、后缘面的Nu分布不同;离心力使径向出流通道的Cp随旋转数的增加而缓慢增大,径向入流通道的Cp随旋转数增大而迅速减小;肋扰流涡使沿程展向平均Nu沿流向呈多波峰状分布;转弯回流涡使得转弯下游通道的Nu不对称分布。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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