鸡油乳剂苗乳化工艺的探讨

以H9亚型的禽流感毒株和新城疫病毒（ND）为种毒，接种9—11日龄鸡胚，制备疫苗用抗原，O．1％的甲醛灭活后．以司班-80和吐温-80作为乳化剂，10号白油为佐剂，制成油乳剂苗。油乳剂苗的免疫效力高低直接与它的性质有关，品质优良的油乳剂苗是物理性能稳定，颗粒均匀，黏度低，抗原不析出，不分层，呈乳白色。剂型为油包水（W／O）的油乳剂苗较粘稠，在机体内不易分散，佐剂活性好，在免疫鸡机体内产生持续刺激淋巴组织的效果，在乳化W/O剂型的油乳剂苗的过程中，乳化效果与乳化方法、佐剂的加工有一定的关系。当油佐剂的温度为45—50℃时的乳化效果好．所制备的油乳剂苗免疫5—8日龄的白羽肉鸡，抗体效价可达1：32以上，免疫效果好。     

噬菌体展示外源多肽的免疫原性研究

利用噬菌体展示技术将丝状噬菌体fd基因8克隆入pKK223-3质粒中，将白色念珠菌特异表位基因插入到修饰后的质粒载体中，并制备了杂合噬菌体，利用纯化的该表位抗原PA免疫小鼠，结果表明该噬菌体-表位抗原PA在有无佐剂存在的情况下均产生抗体，用ELISA方法采用双波长（450/630nm)检测抗体，其在有无佐剂存在的情况下光密度值无明显差别，免疫后小鼠脾淋巴细胞在有无佐剂的情况下均产生明显增殖，未见明显的毒副作用，具有良好的安全性，该方法产生的抗体与传统的合成多肽相比具有方法简便、低价高效等特点，它将成为生产高效低价疫苗的有效途径，该噬菌体-表位抗原PA为真菌疫苗的研制打下基础。     

三联疫苗对大黄鱼常见细菌性疾病免疫保护的实验研究

采用0.5%福尔马林4℃灭活和65℃热灭活2种不同的方法制备三联疫苗作为抗原,以多次腹腔注射或浸泡的方式免疫大黄鱼,通过测定受免大黄鱼血清中抗体凝集效价变化并进行攻毒实验以评估保护效果.结果表明:以福尔马林灭活疫苗注射免疫途径效果最佳,其血清抗体效价平均达1536,攻毒后1周内免疫保护率为88.9%;热灭活疫苗注射免疫途径效果也比较明显,其血清抗体效价平均达1024,攻毒后1周内免疫保护率为76.6%;福尔马林和热灭活疫苗浸泡免疫大黄鱼也有一定效果,免疫保护率分别为55.7%和44.6%.     

二次免疫后家猫抗体形成细胞发育分化的免疫组织化学研究

用辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）作为抗原，与福氏佐剂一起对家猫进行二次免疫，追踪淋巴结中抗体形成细胞的发育和分化，并与已建立的细胞发育动力学模型进行分析比较，二次免疫后2－3d，淋纠结的皮、髓两区同时出现阳性反应细胞，免疫后7－9d两区阳性细胞连成一片，数量达到高峰，随后两区阳性细胞数下降，早期阳性细胞以淋巴细胞为主，高峰期则以前浆细胞和浆细胞为主，且各种类型细胞均匀分布，抗体形成细胞的形态学结果与已建立的数量模型和变异系数模型极为相符。     

黑胸大蠊免疫兔血清的制备与应用

按常规动物免疫方法用黑胸大蠊不同发育阶段可溶性抗原对新西兰兔进行免疫,并通过SDS-PAGE和酶联免疫印迹(EL IB) 技术分析黑胸大蠊不同发育阶段抗原的免疫学特性,同时用黑胸大蠊若虫和雄虫免疫兔血清筛选美洲大蠊若虫cDNA 文库,对阳性克隆进行PCR 鉴定和序列测定,结果显示：卵抗原、若虫抗原、雄成虫抗原、雌成虫抗原分别可见13,28,26 和41 条蛋白区带,4种抗原组分相互之间有交叉抗原存在,用黑胸大蠊若虫免疫兔血清筛选出1个新基因,用黑胸大蠊雄虫免疫兔血清筛选出6个新基因.     

用实验动物制备多克隆抗体Ⅱ.关于佐剂的评价

佐剂可以增强免疫反应。理想的佐剂能够激发多种实验动物维持较高的抗体滴度 (即使使用少量抗原 ) ,可用于大部分抗原 ,容易制备 ,便于注射 ,少量即可奏效 ,免疫毒性低 ,对研究者没有危害。遗憾的是目前还没有完全符合上述标准的佐剂。选择佐剂原则上由研究者执行 ,但应首先考虑被免疫的实验动物福利。接种混合液 (抗原 /佐剂 )应无菌制备以防污染。检测所用抗原是否需要佐剂 ,还是本身就具有佐剂的性能也是相当重要的。当用整个菌体、全细胞或其它特殊抗原 (如细胞碎片和细菌细胞壁 )时 ,通常不必使用佐剂 ,但使用可溶性抗原 (蛋白质、肽类…     

不同动物血清补体对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果

探索不同动物血清补体对大肠杆菌的杀灭效果可以为开发利用补体作为新型疫苗佐剂提供理论依据。将培养活化的O78大肠杆菌用甲醛灭活,以蜂胶为佐剂制备大肠杆菌颗粒性疫苗,用其免疫11日龄海蓝褐蛋用公雏,制备大肠杆菌抗血清;将大肠杆菌抗血清灭活补体,与已知数量的大肠杆菌反应,形成抗原抗体复合物,然后加入不同动物的新鲜血清,细菌计数,观察不同动物血清补体对大肠杆菌的清除能力;微量板法测定不同动物血清补体总活性。结果表明,抗体与细菌抗原结合后,对细菌的杀灭作用较小,动物体内的补体,是细菌性疫苗发挥免疫效果的关键物质;哺乳动物血清中的补体对细菌的清除能力高于鸡,在哺乳动物中,豚鼠的血清补体对大肠杆菌的清除能力最高。     

用猪卵透明带55KDa糖蛋白抗原（ZP3）免疫恒河猴的…

用猪卵透明带５５ＫＤａ糖蛋白抗原和胞壁酰胺二肽佐剂免疫３只雄性恒河猴，研究猪ＺＰ３免疫的抗生育作用及其对卵巢正常结构与功能的影响，评价用恒河猴作卵透明带生育调节疫苗研究动物模型的合适性。     

抗体生产中佐剂的选择和应用

当某些物质与抗原一起注入机体内,能增强机体对抗原的特异性体液和细胞调节的免疫应答,这些物质称为免疫佐剂(Immuno adjuvant),简称佐剂。免疫佐剂能够非特异地提高机体对弱免疫原性的特异抗原的免疫应答或改变免疫反应类型。当佐剂与抗原物质混合注入机体后,可形成抗原储存库     

GnRH-a抗原的制备及不同剂量免疫的效果研究

目的:探讨促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRH-a)对动物免疫去势的效果和作用机理.方法:以EDC.HCL为偶合剂,将GnRH-a与BSA连接为复合物,再加入弗氏不完全佐剂制成抗原乳剂;给16只兔子分三组注射不同剂量的抗原,用间接ELISA法测定GnRH抗体效价.结果:制备的GnRH-a抗原为乳白色均匀悬液,物理化学性状稳定良好,安全可靠,无任何不良反应;以50μg/mL、100μg/mL、150μg/mL剂量的抗原乳剂分别对3个实验组动物进行免疫接种,各组动物均在免疫后两周内检测到GnRH-a抗体,并第4周左右达到高峰,ELISA效价分别为1∶800、1∶1600和1∶1600,说明100μg/mL、150μg/mL剂量的抗原产生的抗体效价致相同,故实践可用100μg/mL的剂量.但抗体达到高峰后持续时间短,下降很快.结论:GnRH-a抗原具有良好的免疫原性,为了延续抗体的高峰水平,有必要加强免疫.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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