由淀粉合成烷基糖苷及其性能研究

以玉米淀粉、1,2-丙二醇、十二醇为原料,在浓H2SO4催化下采用转糖苷化法合成了十二烷基糖苷.通过均匀设计法优选出最佳工艺条件:糖苷化温度125℃;n(经折合的淀粉中葡萄糖单元)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)∶n(十二醇)∶n(浓H2SO4)=1∶6∶6∶0.0014;在此条件下总糖苷得率为181.1%.探讨了该产品的表面性能.     

直接苷化法合成烷基糖苷

以葡萄糖、月桂醇为原料，采用均匀设计法，在常压条件下，直接苷化合成了十二烷基糖苷。研究了复合催化剂用量、反应温度、原料配比、葡萄糖的干燥时间等对产品得率及色泽的影响，得出较佳工艺条件为：催化剂与葡萄糖质量比为0.035:1，反应温度为120℃，月桂醇与葡萄糖的摩尔比为5：1,葡萄糖干燥时间4.5h，糖苷得率为140.1%，对产品的表面张力和糖的含量进行了测定。     

丁基糖苷合成工艺的研究

以葡萄糖和正丁醇为原料合成了丁基糖苷表面活性剂.研究了催化剂、剂糖比、醇糖比和反应温度对反应的影响.结果表明,以对甲苯磺酸与硫酸的摩尔比为3∶1的混酸作催化剂时,最佳反应条件是剂糖摩尔比为0.008∶1,醇糖摩尔比为6∶1,反应温度为110℃.     

SO42-/ZrO2-La2O3催化合成十二烷基糖苷的研究

以葡萄糖和月桂醇为原料,采用SO42— /ZrO2-La2O3复合固体超强酸一步法催化合成十二烷基糖苷,考察了原料配比（醇/糖比）、催化剂用量（催/糖比）、葡萄糖加入方式和反应温度等因素对糖苷产率的影响。结果表明,当醇/糖摩尔比为6,催/糖质量比为0.03,葡萄糖采用分批加入,反应温度为100℃时,SO42—/ZrO2-La2O3的催化性能最佳,烷基糖苷的收率高达 158%。     

沙枣糖合成烷基糖苷工艺的研究

以沙枣糖和脂肪醇为原料,采用正交试验L16（4^5）进行烷基糖苷的合成,我出了合成烷基糖苷较佳的工艺条件：反应温度115-120℃,常压反应,反应时间5～7h,m沙枣糖：m乙二醇：m正十二醇=1：2：1．2,选用0．8％的对甲苯磺酸和0．2％的十二烷基苯磺酸的混合酸为催化剂．沙枣糖转化率达87．5M,产物表面张力为29．1～33．7mN／m．通过红外光谱对产物的结构进行了分析．     

十二烷基糖苷脱醇方法的研究

采用蒸发法和蒸发-结晶法对十二烷基糖苷进行了脱醇研究,确定了适宜的脱醇条件.所得十二烷基糖苷中残余十二醇含量小于1%.     

辛烷基葡糖苷的合成研究

采用正交试验法确定了直接苷化法合成辛烷基糖苷的反应条件 .实验表明选择温度1 0 0 - 1 1 0℃ ,压力 8.0 - 9.0KPa ,醇 /糖摩尔比为 3∶1为最佳反应条件 .另外 ,还相应确定了产品脱醇和漂白的适宜条件 ,并对产品生物降解等性能作了测定     

直接苷化法合成烷基糖苷

采用直接苷化法成功地合成出烷基糖苷（ＡＰＧ）类表面活性剂,并对其表面张力、游离糖含量、游离醇含量、发泡力与稳泡性等指标进行了测定,同时探讨了催化剂及用量、反应温度、醇／糖配比和ｐＨ值等反应条件对苷化反应及产品性能的影响,从而确定了较适宜的苷化反应条件     

直接苷化法合成烷基糖苷

采用直接苷化法成功地合成出烷基糖苷（ＡＰＧ）类表面活性剂，并对其表面张力，游离糖含量，游离醇含量，发泡力与稳泡性等指标进行了测定。同时探讨了催化剂及用量，反应温度，醇／糖配比和ｐＨ值等反应条件对苷化反应及产品性能的影响，从而确定了较适宜的苷化反应条件。     

十二烷基糖苷脱醇方法的研究

采用蒸发法和蒸发-结晶法对十二烷基糖苷进行了脱醇研究，确定了适宜的脱醇条件．所得十二烷基糖苷中残余十二醇含量小于1％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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