H2SO4改性活性炭催化合成二苯甲烷

以活性炭负载硫酸作为一种新型便宜和有效的环境友好固体催化剂,催化合成了二苯甲烷．考察了催化剂用量、苯与苄基氯体积比、反应温度以及反应时间对该傅一克反应的影响,得出了最佳反应条件,即m（改性活性炭）：m（苯）：m（苄基氯）-18：39：4,反应时间为7h,反应温度为80℃．在此条件下,二苯甲烷产率为78％．     

桂利嗪合成工艺

本文研究回流时间对合成桂利嗪的影响。采用肉桂醇和肉桂基哌嗪为原料,以二苯氯甲烷为溶剂,碳酸钾为催化剂合成利嗪。得出最佳条件为：n（肉桂基哌嗪）：n（二苯氯甲烷）：n（碳酸钾）=1：1：2.2,41.2g肉桂基哌嗪和41.2g二苯氯甲烷,反应时间为50h,应温度82℃,收率可达58.9%。由此可得以肉桂醇为原料回流50h合成桂利嗪的产品收率有较大提高。     

对羟基扁桃酸的合成研究

研究以苯酚和乙醛酸为原料，在氢氧化钠存在下水溶剂合成对羟基扁桃酸的方法，考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物摩尔比及后处理阶段pH值等因素对反应收率的影响。结果表明合成对羟基扁桃酸的最佳反应条件为：反应温度50℃，反应时间7h，n(乙醛酸)：n(苯酚)：n(氢氧化钠)=1：1．25：1．5，产品收率可达到66．34％。     

丙三醇双磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐的合成

以丙三醇、三氯氧磷为原料合成了丙三醇双磷酸酯二磷酰氯（GDD）,然后将GDD与三聚氰胺反应合成了一种新型磷一氮系“三位一体”膨胀型阻燃剂一丙三醇双磷酸酯三聚氰胺盐（GDM）。研究了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间等对GDD、GDM收率的影响。合成GDD的最佳工艺条件为反应温度318K,nGGLY：nPOC=1：1,反应时间1．5h。以三乙胺为缚酸剂,GDD与三聚氰胺在313K下反应2h可以得到GDM。该阻燃剂在抗静电涂料等领域有潜在的应用价值。     

异硫氰酸乙氧羰酯的合成

以氯甲酸乙酯和硫氰酸钠为原料,席夫碱为催化剂,采用相转移催化法合成异硫氰酸乙氧羰酯.研究了催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和原料配比等对产品收率的影响.结果表明:适当提高反应温度和延长反应时间有利于反应收率的提高;通过试验确定了该合成反应的适宜条件为:反应温度35℃,反应时间3h,硫氰酸钠、氯甲酸乙酯和席夫碱催化剂的摩尔...     

4,4-二硝基丁酸乙酯的合成研究

以丙烯酸乙酯与二硝基甲烷钾盐为反应原料,四丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,通过Michael加成反应合成4,4-二硝基丁酸乙酯。采用红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、质谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析等对产物结构进行了表征。通过单因素变量法探讨了反应时间、反应物料比、催化剂用量及反应温度对产物产率的影响,得出该反应最佳工艺条件：反应时间为60 min,反应温度为20℃,n丙烯酸乙酯：n二硝基甲烷钾盐为2：1,相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵质量为二硝基甲烷钾盐质量的30%时,产物偕二硝基丁酸乙酯收率可达到33%。     

蔗糖羟基的选择性保护

以三苯基氯甲烷和乙酸酐依次对蔗糖的8个羟基进行选择性保护,考察了反应配比、温度、溶剂对蔗糖保护过程的影响。结果表明：以吡啶替代二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）和N-甲基吗啉作为溶剂和缚酸剂的伯羟基醚化反应,选择性为78%,三苯甲醇收率达98%以上,以甲苯为萃取剂和乙酰化反应的溶剂,避免了除杂过程的液固分离和固固分离,反应平稳,催化剂可循环使用,蔗糖全基团保护物（TRISPA）的收率达到75%。     

乙酸苯酯合成新方法研究

采用自制的催化剂，运用条件实验法，以苯酚、乙酐为原料，直接酯化合成乙酸苯酯，分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量、精馏温度等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成乙酸苯酸的最佳工艺条件是反应温度135－145℃，反应时间90min，苯酚与乙酐物质的量比为1．00：1．05，催化剂用量为占体系总量的0．03％，精馏温度194－196℃，在此条件下，乙酸苯酯的收率达到98．7％。     

间接法合成水杨酸苯酯的研究

以水杨酸、苯酚和三氯氧磷为原料间接法合成了水杨酸苯酯,研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件．合成水杨酸苯酯的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度80℃、反应时间2．5h,n（水杨酸）：n（苯酚）为1：1．25,n（水杨酸）：n（三氯氧磷）为l：0．58,水杨酸苯酯的产率可达到95．71％以上,纯度达到98．5％．     

间接电合成对甲氧基苯甲醛反应的研究

采用间接电合成法以Ce^4 ／Ce^3 为媒质，在高剪切混合乳化机搅拌下Ce^4 氧化对甲基苯甲醚合成对甲氯基苯甲醛，使用后的媒质再生循环使用，无三废排放．利用红外光谱研究了槽外合成对甲氯基苯甲醛的反应机理，得到合成对甲氧基苯甲醛的优选条件，原料配比n(Ce^4 )：n(p—CH3O—C6H4-CH3)=4：3，反应温度30℃，反应时间6min．对甲氧基苯甲醛的反应收率为96．8％，纯度为99．24％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-