鳗鲡肠道中嗜水气单胞菌的拮抗菌筛选

从鳗鲡肠道中分离到643株细菌,用点种法筛选出65株病原性嗜水气单胞菌的拮抗菌,研究拮抗效果最好的14株拮抗菌的抗菌谱和生长曲线及其与病原性嗜水气单胞菌的共凝集作用.研究结果显示:NAC琼脂培养基筛选的2株拮抗菌(Na 3-38和Nb 3-15)对7株指示菌均有较强的拮抗作用,Aa 3-22和Mb 3-7对7株指示菌中的5株有拮抗效果;除Na 3-38和Nb 3-15以外,其余12株的生长系数均大于嗜水气单胞菌;11株拮抗菌(Na 3-38、Nb 3-15、Ab 2-55、Ab 2-77、Ab 1-3、Aa 3-22、Aa 3-67、Mb 1-4、Mb 2-10、Mb 3-7和Mb 3-27)和嗜水气单胞菌的共凝集率大于10%.这表明:Aa 3-22和Mb 3-7在抗菌谱和生长曲线及其与病原性嗜水气单胞菌的共凝集作用等方面都适合作为益生菌.     

中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌的生物学特性

以T3菌株为代表菌株对中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌的生物学特性进行初步研究。对中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌的培养特性比较发现：本菌在鲜血琼脂和TSA固体培养基上生长较好,在TSB液体培养基和BHI液体培养基中生长较好;测定中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌在TSB液体培养基中的生长曲线表明：培养16～20h活菌数达到最高峰,24h后活菌数大幅下降,这一生长规律为中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌的大规模培养奠定了基础;中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌在生理盐水、磷酸盐缓冲液和TSB液体培基中4℃保存的存活曲线表明：本菌在以上介质中前期不易死亡,后期死亡较快。并利用分光光度计测定法解决了该菌即时计数的问题,为中华鳖嗜水气单胞菌的动物实验的开展奠定了基础,本研究测定了该菌对中华幼鳖和银鲫的致病性,其LD50分别为8．40×10^8CFU和8．63×10^8CFU．     

嗜水气单胞菌蛋白质组分子解剖图谱的初步建立

采用蛋白质组学技术,建立了嗜水气单胞菌PPD(134/91)在稳定期的蛋白质组分子解剖图谱.将嗜水气单胞菌接种于LB培养基28℃培养18h,取菌总蛋白进行2 DPAGE.从2 DPAGE图谱中随机选取124个蛋白质点进行肽质量指纹图谱鉴定,检索发现其中10个确定为数据库中收录的嗜水气单胞菌的基因或蛋白,其比例约为1/12.实验结果对嗜水气单胞菌菌株之间的比较研究和功能蛋白质组研究具有重要参考价值.     

广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备

本研究针对广西地区分离到的致病性嗜水气单胞菌,开发区域定制化的灭活疫苗,以实现鱼病的有效预防和控制。首先,对斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌在LB培养基中的生长曲线,培养基的最适pH值,以及培养基中添加蔗糖对嗜水气单胞菌生长影响进行研究;随后探索嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备方法,并在细胞水平和斑点叉尾鮰活体水平上研究疫苗的安全性,开展疫苗对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护实验。结果表明嗜水气单胞菌浓度与菌液OD值间具有较好的线性关系,其回归方程为y=2E-10x+0.1399,R2=0.975 4。用于培养嗜水气单胞菌的LB培养基最适pH值为7.0～7.5,且在培养基中添加蔗糖能显著促进嗜水气单胞菌的生长。研究制备的嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗在细胞水平和鱼活体水平均安全无毒,且对斑点叉尾鮰的免疫保护率可达到75%。据此,本研究初步建立起广西斑点叉尾鮰源嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗的制备工艺。     

嗜水气单胞菌发酵条件的优化研究

研究了嗜水气单胞菌的最佳培养条件,通过单因子实验得到该菌株的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为大豆蛋白胨,初始pH值为7.5,最适生长温度和时间为28℃、36h,最佳氯化钠浓度为6.84mg/mL;在其他培养条件不变的情况下,通过对大豆蛋白胨、葡萄糖、K2HPO4浓度、初始pH值做四因子三水平的正交实验,得到培养基最佳组合为:葡萄糖10 g/L、大豆蛋白胨10 g/L、K2HPO44.56mg/mL、初始pH值7.5.研究结果为嗜水气单胞菌规模化发酵培养奠定了基础.     

嗜水气单胞菌感染对美洲鳗鲡血液和生化指标的影响

为研究自发病美洲鳗鲡分离的嗜水气单胞菌对该鱼的致病性,试验将60尾美洲鳗鲡平均分为对照组、浸泡组和注射组3组,3组鳗鲡分别注射PBS、以1.0×107cfu/mL的嗜水气单胞菌浸泡和1.0×108cfu/mL嗜水气单胞菌注射感染.各组鳗鲡分别于处理后6 h和30 h断尾采血并分离抗凝血和血清,抗凝血由血常规检测分析仪检测7项血液指标,血清由全自动生化分析仪检测13项与免疫相关的生化指标,数据用SAS软件进行统计学分析.结果表明,鳗鲡注射感染后6 h,与浸泡组相比,血清谷草转氨酶(AST)与谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的比值显著(P0.05)升高,其他指标在三组间均无显著(P0.05)差异.鳗鲡注射感染后30 h,同对照组和浸泡组相比,血清总蛋白和血糖极显著(P0.01)下降,Na+和Cl-浓度显著(P0.05)下降,而AST和ALT则均极显著(P0.01)上升.     

郁金提取物对山葵墨入菌(Phoma wasabiae)的抑菌活性研究

应用生长速率法测定了用清水、95%乙醇溶液提取郁金获得的水提物、醇提物对山葵墨入菌的抑菌活性,结果表明在供试浓度为1.0×10-3 g/mL时,郁金95%乙醇热搅拌提取物对山葵墨入菌的菌丝生长表现出明显的抑制作用,其抑制率为67.08%;将其95%乙醇粗提物依次用正己烷、乙酸乙酯、甲醇萃取后测定其生物活性,结果表明郁金提取物的抑菌活性物质主要在正己烷萃取物中,在供试浓度为1.0×10-3 g/mL时,对山葵墨入菌的抑菌率达到79.70%,其EC50为0.3299×10-3 g/mL,在供试浓度为10.0×10-3 g/mL时,郁金正己烷萃取物对墨入菌孢子萌发抑制率为97.2%.郁金正己烷萃取物对常见的植物病原真菌:小麦赤霉菌、油菜菌核菌、番茄灰霉菌均有较高的抑菌率,其EC50分别为0.2517×10-3 g/mL、0.2809×10-3 g/mL、0.1749×10-3 g/mL.     

鳗鲡病原性气单胞菌AFLP分型研究

以32株从养殖鳗鲡分离的病原性气单胞菌为试验材料,采用Biolog自动菌鉴系统对其进行生理生化鉴定,结果表明,有20株被鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌,7株被鉴定为威隆气单胞菌,1株为豚鼠气单胞菌,其余4株未能鉴定到种.为进一步确定20株嗜水气单胞菌和7株威隆气单胞菌的基因型,筛选了2对引物(E-C/M-C,E-C/M-A)分别对这两个菌种进行了AFLP分析.结果表明:20株嗜水气单胞菌中共检测到88个位点,均为多态性位点;7株威隆气单胞菌中共检测到61个位点,其中60个为多态性位点.经UPGMA聚类分析表明:20株嗜水气单胞菌可初步分为3种类型,每种类型之间平均遗传距离为0.449,同一类型内不同菌株的平均遗传距离为0.127;7株威隆气单胞菌可初步分为4种类型,每种类型之间平均遗传距离为0.467,变异范围为0.415～0.525.该结果为鱼类病原菌的DNA分型研究提供了参考.     

复方中草药对中华绒螯蟹免疫因子的影响

在基础饲料中添加6种中草药制剂煎液制成试验饲料,同时以基础饲料为对照,连续饲喂中华绒螯蟹30d,采集中华绒螯蟹血淋巴上清液测定其免疫指标活性.T检验结果表明,中草药添加饲料组蟹的噬菌活性与对照组存在显著差异(P<0.05);溶菌酶活性、酚氧化酶活性(PO)与对照组则差异极显著(P<0.01);抗菌酶活性、过氧化物酶活性(POD)差异不显著(P>0.05),但均值比对照饲料组高.说明该中草药制剂的添加能明显提高中华绒螯蟹的免疫水平.用中华绒螯蟹致病菌嗜水气单胞菌CL99920对实验蟹进行攻毒试验,嗜水气单胞菌的最佳攻毒剂量为5×106cfu/mL,对照组的死亡率为80%,明显高于中草药免疫组的死亡率30%,该中草药添加剂的免疫保护率为62 5%.     

卵黄抗体在防治中华鳖气单胞菌病中的应用

探讨了卵黄特异性抗体在防治中华鳖气单胞菌病中的应用 .产蛋鸡经嗜水气单胞菌免疫后 ,产生了高效价的卵黄抗体 ;冻干过程中抗体活性基本没有损失 ;体外抑菌试验表明 ,该特异性抗体具有较强抑制嗜水气单胞菌的效果 ;鳖场被动免疫防治试验证明 ,该抗嗜水气单胞菌卵黄抗体对中华鳖气单胞菌病具有良好的防治效果 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has