多时距PIV技术在复杂流场测量中的应用

采用一种多时间间距适配(多时距)的粒子图像测速(PIV)技术对静水与横流环境下的垂向圆管射流流场进行测量，对比分析了多时距PIV技术测量结果的可靠性，探究了静水与横流环境下垂向圆管射流的运动特性。结果表明，多时距PIV技术得到的测量结果能够精确反映射流在静水和横流环境中的时均特征和紊动特征，且其精度明显优于传统PIV技术所得到的测量结果。研究发现，多时距PIV技术可既方便又精准地测量视窗内速度变化大的流场。     

气液射入压载水排放管中混合过程的数值模拟

利用高效活性自由基在压载水排放管路中杀灭致死有害入侵微小生物,可解决目前各国海洋生态环境保护亟待解决的生物入侵问题.横流环境中的垂直射流,能够产生强卷吸反向涡旋对,具有较好的混合效果,以此实现气液携带的活性自由基与压载水在短距离的管路中快速均匀混合,以便使活性自由基充分接触并杀灭入侵微小生物.拟采用较成熟的假设各相均为连续相的Eudlerian-Eulerian双流体模型对T型管路结构进行数值模拟,分析气体体积分数在管路中的演变,来表征射流与横流的混合过程.结果显示,沿横流横断面上,气体体积分数存在反向涡旋对,在横流纵剖面上,可以明显看到紊动射流的起始段、弯曲段和顺流段,其气体分数分布区的发展类似于单相自由射流.不同流速比的流场演变,因受壁面约束形成独特的结构特征,同时说明冲击射流在短距离内更有利于快速混合.     

波流环境中多孔射流三维数值模拟

建立了波流环境中多孔射流的三维大涡数学模型,探讨了波流共同作用下多孔射流的扩散和稀释机制,分析了孔间距对双孔射流、射流与环境水体相互作用的影响,并给出了最优相对孔间距。模拟结果表明：在波谷相位时刻,由于横流与波浪相互作用强烈,流场内的三维涡旋结构丰富、尺度较大、数目众多,有利于射流与环境水体、射流与射流之间的掺混,这是波流环境比单一横流环境中多孔射流运动扩散效果更佳的主要原因;随着孔间距的增大,双孔射流之间的相互作用慢慢削弱,而射流与环境水体之间的相互作用却在不断增强;双孔射流在孔间距为7.0倍管口直径时扩散效果最好。     

复式断面横流紊动水平射流特性试验

为了揭示复式断面横流环境中三维圆形水平射流的特性,运用Micro ADV测速系统对射流流速比为12的横流紊动射流进行了实验研究,给出了射流典型横断面二次流速度的矢量图和主流速等值线图.实测速度场资料分析表明:在射流出口附近射流表现出强烈掺混和卷吸现象,主槽和边滩的衔接段存在着较强的二次流,同时射流与来流的相互作用表现出明显的分叉现象,其分叉半角为7.6°;复式断面产生的二次流有助于加速射流的分叉.实测的流动典型横断面紊动强度分布和湍动能等值线表明,射流在其核心区具有强烈紊动,且在整个流场中是各向异性的.最后给出了射流出口高度水平面的时均流速分布图.     

潮流底部多孔垂向排放污染物影响区的计算

根据射流受力平衡关系建立了非恒定横流中垂向射流轴线的积分方程,在前人对恒定横流中射流研究成果的基础上求得了该方程的解析解。由平面激光诱发荧光（ＰＬＩＦ）和数字图像技术测得的多孔射流浓度分布实验资料,获得了射流宽度、横向扩展角度与射流和横流速度比及射流相对高度的关系,为潮流底部多孔排放污染物影响区的计算提出了一套较完整的方法。计算结果得到实验结果的良好验证。     

2种角度横向紊动射流的实验分析

对射入均匀横流中的单股紊动射流流场进行了实验研究.利用IFA300型热膜风速仪系统测量了对称面内的流动,射流入射方向与横向主气流之间的角度为90°和60°,得到了射流与主气流速度比R为2和4的速度场和湍动能分布,并给出了不同工况下的射流轴线轨迹.结果表明:射流入射角与速度比对流场影响很大;射流对横向主气流的影响主要集中在射流发生弯曲直至与主气流平行的区域内,当射流垂直入射时,射流背风侧存在流动分离现象,当射流倾斜入射时,分离现象基本消失;当R值增大时,射流轨迹起始段的长度增加,对主流场影响的范围增大,射流入射方向与主气流之间的角度值减小,射流轨迹的垂直高度降低,射流对主流场影响的区域减小.     

自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的试验研究

由作者发明和研制成功的自激振荡脉冲喷嘴所形成的脉冲射流，要相同条件下与常规的连续射流相比，射流的峰值压力，冲蚀体积和有效靶距均得到明显的提高，作者将多年来所进行的实验室实验（振荡腔内流体压力的测定；非淹没射流条件下的实验分析；淹没条件下自激振荡脉冲射流的性能实验及其分析；在淹没和非淹没条件下自激振荡脉冲射流的冲蚀效果；碰撞壁碰撞区域的磨损对自激振荡脉冲射流的影响等）及工业现场实验的主要结果进行了简要介绍。     

横流中三维圆形垂直浮力射流特性数值分析

采用κ-ε双方程模型，结合混合有限分析方法对横流中三维圆形垂直热水浮力射流进行了数值模拟．计算所得的温升分布与试验值较为吻合．对射流的流动结构、分叉现象、射流轨迹线等进行了预报，得出了基于速度场和温度场的射流轨迹线不同，横断面上的两个高温区的夹角范围与空气中所得结论一致，影响射流的主要因素是射流对来流的流速比等结论，从而证明了运用该数学模型对横流中三维圆形垂直热水浮力射流进行数值研究的有效性．     

振荡射流控制翼型流动分离的数值模拟

为了研究大攻角下振荡射流控制翼型流动分离的机理,应用基于有限体积法和压力修正的SIMPLEC算法,数值模拟了表面施加振荡射流的翼型分离流动。结果表明振荡射流在给定条件下能够显著改善翼型的气动性能,提高翼型的升力系数,升力增幅高达18%。对振荡射流增升的流动机理分析表明,增升的机理是因为振荡射流产生的小扰动完全改变了翼型在大攻角粘性流动时产生的涡列结构,并且在翼型头部产生了非定常的分离涡。     

自激振荡脉冲磨料射流中波速对频率的影响

自激振荡脉冲磨料射流的振荡频率直接决定着磨料的加速效果和射流的空化效应,分析了自激振荡脉冲磨料射流中压力扰动波的传播速度及其对射流振荡频率的影响规律,数值计算表明：磨料的浓度、密度及体积 弹性模量对波速影响幅度很小,而气体的存在对射流中波速影响很大,很少量的气体就会使波速降低很大,射流振荡的频率随波速的减小而明显增大。结果对设计自激振荡脉冲磨料射流喷嘴有指导意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that